GB/T 31258-2024 PDF English
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GB/T 31258-2024: PDF in English (GBT 31258-2024) GB/T 31258-2024
GB
NATIONAL STANDARD OF THE
PEOPLE’S REPUBLIC OF CHINA
ICS 97.200.40
CCS Y 57
Replacing GB/T 31258-2014
Specification of Zip Line
ISSUED ON: MARCH 15, 2024
IMPLEMENTED ON: MARCH 1, 2025
Issued by: State Administration for Market Regulation;
Standardization Administration of the People’s Republic of China.
Table of Contents
Foreword ... 3
1 Scope ... 6
2 Normative References ... 6
3 Terms and Definitions ... 7
4 Basic Requirements ... 10
5 Inspection, Testing and Test ... 20
6 Accompanying Documents, Marking, Packaging, Transportation and Storage ... 24
Appendix A (normative) Calculation of Ice-wrapped Load of Steel Wire Ropes ... 26
Appendix B (informative) Tension Calculation of Load Bearing Ropes Fixed at Both
Ends ... 28
Specification of Zip Line
1 Scope
This document specifies the technical requirements, inspection, testing and test, accompanying
documents, marking, packaging, transportation and storage of large-scale amusement facility
zip line.
This document is applicable to the design, manufacture, installation, modification, repair, test,
inspection and testing of zip lines that carry no more than 4 people on single manned equipment.
2 Normative References
The contents of the following documents constitute indispensable clauses of this document
through the normative references in the text. In terms of references with a specified date, only
versions with a specified date are applicable to this document. In terms of references without a
specified date, the latest version (including all the modifications) is applicable to this document.
GB/T 191 Packaging - Pictorial Markings for Handling of Goods
GB 5725 Safety Nets
GB 8408-2018 Large-scale Amusement Device Safety Code
GB/T 8918 Steel Wire Ropes for Important Purposes
GB/T 9075 Code for Examination and Discard of Ropes for Ropeway
GB/T 9969 General Principles for Preparation of Instructions for Use of Industrial Products
GB/T 13384 General Specifications for Packing of Mechanical and Electrical Product
GB/T 20050-2020 Inspection and Testing Specifications of Large-scale Amusement Device -
General Principles
GB/T 20306-2017 Amusement Devices Terminology
GB/T 26722 Steel Wire Ropes for Ropeway
GB/T 34370.9 Nondestructive Testing of Amusement Equipment - Part 9: Magnetic Flux
Leakage Testing
GB 50007 Code for Design of Building Foundation
GB 50009 Load Code for the Design of Building Structures
The straight-line distance between the support points of the load bearing ropes at the upper and
lower stations.
4 Basic Requirements
4.1 Basic Design Requirements
4.1.1 The zip line shall satisfy the provisions of GB 8408-2018. The design shall be correctly
calculated, have a reasonable structure and be able to ensure the safety of passengers. The main
technical parameters are length, running speed, height difference of the load bearing rope,
number of passengers carried by each track, and number of zip line tracks, etc.
4.1.2 The design documents of the zip line shall at least include the design calculation, design
instructions, usage and maintenance instructions, risk assessment report, design test verification
outline and a complete set of design drawings that comply with relevant national standards.
4.1.3 The risk assessment at least includes stress-bearing structures and stress-bearing parts,
equipment operating environment, obstacles around the equipment, human factors, accidental
factors and emergency rescue, etc. The assessment content at least includes the stagnation of
the passenger during taxiing, the failure of the traction device, and the failure of the passenger
riding device and the restraint device, etc.
4.1.4 In addition to satisfying the relevant requirements of GB 8408-2018 and GB/T 9969, the
usage and maintenance instructions also include at least the following requirements.
a) Two or more pulleys are not allowed to slide at the same time on the same load bearing
rope.
b) When out of service, the pulleys shall be removed or locked.
c) When encountering weather such as: rain, snow, frost and fog, etc., the load bearing
rope is wrapped in ice, or the wind speed is greater than 8 m/s, the zip line shall stop
running.
d) There shall be operable emergency rescue measures and rescue equipment.
e) Regular safety inspections (daily inspection, weekly inspection, monthly inspection
and annual inspection).
f) The requirements for the operating personnel allocation are as follows:
1) The number of operating personnel on duty at the departure station shall not be
less than the number of zip line tracks in operation. The operating personnel shall
guide and supervise tourists to put on or sit on the manned equipment in the
prescribed posture, and check and confirm the passenger restraint devices;
2) The arrival station shall be equipped with operating personnel to assist tourists
in leaving the manned equipment.
NOTE: the operating personnel mentioned in this document refers to those who have obtained the
“Special Equipment Safety Management and Operator Certificate”.
g) The operating personnel shall be equipped with safety protection devices to prevent
them from accidentally falling.
h) Specify the design service life of steel wire ropes (load bearing ropes and recovery
ropes), pulleys, manned equipment, and fixed wire rope metal structures, etc.
4.1.5 Zip line routes and sites shall not be built in miliary restricted areas, power line protected
areas, mountain vents, or areas where avalanches, landslides, collapses, caves, storms, tsunamis,
floods and fires, etc. may threaten the safety of zipline operation.
4.1.6 The load selection for the design calculation of the zip line shall comply with the
provisions of 6.1.2 in GB 8408-2018. Depending on the riding mode, the windward area of a
single human body in the prone zip line shall be 0.3 m2 ~ 0.5 m2; the windward area of a single
human body in the seated zip line shall be 0.5 m2 ~ 0.8 m2. If the manned equipment is a cockpit
type, the maximum windward area of the cockpit shall be adopted. The impact coefficient is
not lower than 1.1 (taking into account the pulley, manned equipment and live load). If it
belongs to the ice-wrapped area, the ice-wrapped operating conditions shall be considered in
accordance with the provisions of GB 50135. The calculation of the ice-wrapped load of the
steel wire rope shall comply with the provisions of Appendix A. In the ice-wrapped condition,
the steel wire rope shall not be broken, and the metal structure of the fixed steel wire rope shall
not become unstable.
4.1.7 When designing the zip line, in accordance with the fixing method listed in Table 8 of GB
8408-2018, the end fixing efficiency shall be considered, and the safety factor of each
component shall satisfy the following requirements:
a) The safety factor of all components of the load bearing rope, traction rope and pulley
shall not be less than 5;
b) The safety factor of the metal structural components of the fixed steel wire rope shall
not be less than 3.5;
c) The safety factor of the anchor point weld of the steel wire rope of the load bearing
rope shall not be less than 5;
d) The safety factor against overturning shall be selected in accordance with the
provisions of Table 3 in GB 8408-2018.
4.1.8 The tower shall be designed in accordance with the provisions of GB 50017.
4.1.9 The zip line shall have rescue plane and rescue equipment for any foreseeable situation,
and it shall be equipped with effective rescue equipment that can reach any position where the
Where,
L---the string length of the strided distance, expressed in (m).
4.2.8 Newly installed steel wire ropes shall have quality certificates. Before installation, the
diameter, structure, surface and twisting conditions of the steel wire ropes, as well as the rope
core and packaging quality, etc. shall be checked. The steel wire ropes shall not be broken,
staggered, bent, rusted and scratched; the strands shall not have defects, such as: uneven
tightness, collapse and bulging, etc., and the fiber core shall not be dry or rotten.
4.2.9 During the installation process, the steel wire ropes shall be prevented from looping, loose
strands, kinking, bending, extrusion and deformation, adhering to debris and friction on hard
objects, and shall not be soaked in water.
4.2.10 The replaced steel wire ropes shall be of the same type and specification as the originally
installed steel wire ropes. The properties of the replaced steel wire ropes shall not be lower than
those of the original steel wire ropes.
4.2.11 During use, the surface of the steel wire ropes shall be inspected at least monthly, so as
to find damage to the steel wire ropes in a timely manner. The broken wires and wear of the
steel wire ropes shall comply with the relevant requirements of Table 15 in GB 8408-2018, and
there shall be no serious corrosion. If problems are found during surface inspection or if the
wire ropes are damaged due to lightning strikes or collision by foreign objects, etc., the steel
wire ropes shall be immediately subjected to non-destructive testing and evaluation, and they
can only be used after passing the testing.
4.2.12 Under normal circumstances, the load bearing ropes and traction ropes should be
replaced every 4 years. If they continued to be used after reaching the specified service life,
non-destructive testing shall be carried out every year in accordance with GB/T 34370.9. Only
steel wire ropes that have passed the inspection in accordance with GB/T 9075 can continue to
be used. Those that reach the scrap standard shall be replaced in time.
4.2.13 The ratio of the bending diameter of the traction ropes to the diameter of the steel wire
ropes is not less than 30. The ratio of the bending diameter of the steel wire ropes used for the
load bearing ropes and recovery devices to the diameter of the steel wire ropes is not less than
20.
4.3 Taxiing Equipment
4.3.1 The taxiing equipment consists of pulleys and manned equipment. The common types of
taxiing equipment are shown in Figure 4. The manned equipment includes passenger restraint
devices, hanging webbings, lock buckles and passenger cabins, etc. The hanging part shall be
provided with secondary protection.
3---single hanging point.
Figure 6 -- Schematic Diagram of Hanging Point Type
4.3.9 The connection mode of the hanging webbings shall be safe and reliable. If stitching joint
is adopted, the stitching length shall not be lower than twice its width.
4.3.10 The power traction zip lines and reciprocating zip lines shall be equipped with rope
breakage protection devices to prevent the pulley from rapidly falling after the rope is broken
and causing danger.
4.3.11 When the manned equipment adopts the cockpit type, exposed sharp edges, corners,
burrs and dangerous protrusions are not allowed in any accessible places. The seat size and
cockpit door shall comply with the requirements of GB 8408-2018. Passenger restraint devices
that cannot be opened by passengers themselves shall be installed. The cockpit door shall be
equipped with two locking devices or one locking device with a safety device. When a semi-
enclosed cockpit is adopted, the distance between the seat surface and the relative running
obstacle above is not less than 1,400 mm. If the cockpit has windows, blocking objects shall be
added at the windows, and the gap between the blocking objects shall not be greater than 120
mm.
4.4 Braking (deceleration) Device and Buffer Pad
4.4.1 The maximum pulling-in speed of the pulley (based on the entrance of the arrival station)
shall not be greater than 6 m/s.
4.4.2 Each zip line arrival station shall be equipped with no less than two sets of independent
automatic braking devices. The braking devices shall enable passengers to smoothly and safely
arrive at the arrival station. Before the pulley is braked, the running speed shall be tested in
accordance with the provisions of this document. When it reaches the buffer pad, the running
speed of the pulley shall be less than 1 m/s. After the pulley enters the arrival station, measures
shall be taken to prevent the pulley from rebounding beyond the range of the platform.
4.4.3 The braking device shall be able to effectively attenuate the impact on passengers. The
absolute value of the acceleration when the pulley passes the braking device shall not exceed 5
m/s2, and the swing angle of the passenger’s body shall not be greater than 45.
4.4.4 The arrival station of the unpowered zip lines shall be equipped with a buffer pad, and the
arrival station of the power traction zip lines shall be equipped with appropriate protection
devices in accordance with the requirements of 6.9 in GB 8408-2018. The fixing mode of the
buffer pad shall be reliable, and its type shall effectively play a buffering and protective role;
the buffer pad should be filled with soft sponge material, the size (height width) shall not be
less than 2 m 2 m, and the thickness shall not be less than 400 mm.
4.5 Recovery Device
4.5.1 The recovery device shall be equipped with a limit device, an anti-over-rolling device, a
device to prevent the rope from falling off the pulley, and a device to prevent the rope from
being bent or entangled.
4.5.2 The recovery device shall be set up with barriers isolated from the passenger sliding area,
so as to prevent tourists from accidentally breaking into the recovery device area.
4.6 Departure and Arrival Stations
4.6.1 The departure and arrival stations shall be set up to facilitate the gathering and evacuation
of passengers, and emergency passages should be considered; the departure station shall have
enough space, and a waiting area and a departure area shall be respectively set up; reliable
barriers shall be set up in the waiting area and departure area, and irrelevant personnel shall not
enter the departure area.
NOTE: the departure area refers to the area where tourists board the load bearing object and start
sliding after they are ready to slide.
4.6.2 Safety signs and passenger instructions shall be set up in the departure station waiting
area. Passenger instructions shall clearly indicate the passenger’s riding restrictions and correct
riding postures, and include requirements to prevent hair, clothing, etc. from being caught in
the pulley and not to allow hands to touch the load bearing ropes or traction ropes.
4.6.3 Each zip line at the departure station shall be equipped with two sets of independent
normally closed passenger release devices.
4.6.4 Safety doors shall be installed at the departure station for unpowered zip lines. The
opening direction of the safety doors shall not be the same as the direction of the travel of the
passengers. When the zip lines are not in operation, the safety doors shall be locked.
4.6.5 When the height difference between the platform entrance and exit of the departure and
arrival stations of the zip lines and the adjacent ground (or water surface) is greater than 2 m, a
safety flat net shall be installed. The installation of the safety flat net shall be fixed and reliable,
and its mechanical properties shall comply with the relevant requirements of GB 5725. Its
length shall be respectively increased by 1 m on the left and right sides based on the platform
opening size, and the extension length outside the platform shall be no less than 2 m.
4.6.6 Anemometers shall be installed at both the departure and arrival stations. The
anemometers shall have a data display device and alarm function that are convenient for the
operating personnel to observe.
4.6.7 A zip line stopping area shall be set up at the arrival station. The length of the stopping
area of the unpowered zip lines (the area where the pulley reaches the buffer pads through the
braking device) shall not be less than 6 m.
4.6.8 Both the departure and arrival stations shall be equipped with communication equipment,
for example, walkie-talkies or dedicated telephones.
......
Source: Above contents are excerpted from the PDF -- translated/reviewed by: www.chinesestandard.net / Wayne Zheng et al.
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