GB/T 2893.2-2020 PDF in English
GB/T 2893.2-2020 (GB/T2893.2-2020, GBT 2893.2-2020, GBT2893.2-2020)
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Graphical symbols -- Safety colours and safety signs -- Part 2: Design principles for product safety labels
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Standards related to (historical): GB/T 2893.2-2020
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GB/T 2893.2-2020: PDF in English (GBT 2893.2-2020) GB/T 2893.2-2020
NATIONAL STANDARD OF THE
PEOPLE’S REPUBLIC OF CHINA
ICS 01.080.01
A 22
Replacing GB/T 2893.2-2008
Graphical symbols - Safety colors and safety signs - Part 2:
Design principles for product safety labels
(ISO 3864-2:2016, MOD)
ISSUED ON: MARCH 31, 2020
IMPLEMENTED ON: OCTOBER 01, 2020
Issued by: State Administration for Market Regulation;
Standardization Administration of PRC.
Table of Contents
Foreword ... 3
Introduction ... 5
1 Scope ... 6
2 Normative references ... 6
3 Terms and definitions... 7
4 Use of safety colors ... 9
4.1 General requirements ... 9
4.2 Contrasting colors ... 9
4.3 Use of colors ... 10
5 Hazard severity panel ... 11
5.1 General requirements ... 11
5.2 Composition of hazard severity panel ... 11
6 Types and composition of product safety labels ... 11
6.1 General requirements ... 11
6.2 Separate safety labels ... 12
6.3 Safety signs with separate text area for supplementary safety information ... 13
6.4 Safety signs with independent text area for supplementary safety information that
include hazard severity panel ... 13
6.5 Combination product safety labels which do not contain hazard severity panel ... 14
6.6 Combination product safety labels which contain a hazard severity panel ... 15
6.7 Multiple product safety labels without hazard severity panel ... 15
6.8 Multiple product safety labels with hazard severity panel ... 16
Appendix A (Informative) Guidelines for improving the identifiability of product safety
labels ... 17
Appendix B (Informative) Reference value of orange safety color in color system .. 20
Appendix C (Informative) Translation of warning words ... 21
Appendix D (Informative) Example for design of product safety label ... 22
Appendix E (Informative) Things to consider when designing product safety labels 25
References ... 28
Graphical symbols - Safety colors and safety signs - Part 2:
Design principles for product safety labels
Important note: The colors, which are presented in the electronic files of this Part
of GB/T 2893, can NEITHER be viewed on the screen NOR used for printing as
actual colors. Although the use of color in this Part complies with the requirements
(within the allowable deviation, according to visual inspection), the printed version
cannot be used for color matching. For requirements on color matching, please
refer to GB/T 2893.4. This Part gives the color reference values, which are quoted
from the color sequence system, whilst giving the chromaticity attributes and
photometric attributes.
1 Scope
This Part of GB/T 2893 specifies the design principles of product safety labels,
including the use of safety colors, the composition of the hazard severity panel, the
composition of different types of product safety labels, etc. In the Appendix, it provides
the reference data, such as the guidelines for improving the identifiability of product
safety labels AND the design example of product safety labels.
The product safety labels, which are specified in this Part, apply to all products, in
which safety-related problems may occur. However, the product safety labels, which
are specified in this Part, do not apply to:
- Chemicals;
- Transport of dangerous substances and preparations;
- Industries, that have been bound by relevant regulations AND whose content is
different from certain terms of this document.
2 Normative references
The following documents are essential for the application of this document. For dated
references, only the dated version applies to this document. For undated references, the
latest edition (including all amendments) applies to this document.
GB/T 2893.1 Graphical symbols - Safety colors and safety signs - Part 1: Design
principles for safety signs and safety markings (GB/T 2893.1-2013, ISO 3864-1:
2011, MOD)
Residual risk
Risks that remain, after implementing protective measures.
[GB/T 20002.4-2015, Definition 3.8]
3.6
Signal word
Words, which are used to draw attention to product safety labels and identify risk
categories.
Note: Warning words include "Danger", "Warning", "Caution".
3.7
Product safety label
Used on a product, a label that informs observers of a potential hazard or hazards
AND describes the safety measures or actions required to avoid the hazard.
Note: Product safety labels are used to convey information on hazards, precautionary
measures to avoid hazards AND/OR the consequences that will result when hazards cannot
be avoided.
3.8
Hazard severity panel
The area, which is used in a combination product safety label or multiple product
safety label, to convey the risk category, which is associated with the hazard.
Note: The display area contains general warning signs, a warning, the corresponding
background color (see Table 2).
3.9
Supplementary safety information panel
The area of the product safety label, where the safety information symbol or safety
information text serves as an additional instruction.
Note: The supplementary safety information is mainly used to introduce information, such
as dangerous consequences or dangerous preventive measures.
3.10
Combination product safety label
Product safety labels, which combine safety signs and/or supplementary safety
information and/or hazard severity, on the same rectangular label.
Note: A combination product safety label conveys only one safety message.
3.11
Multiple product safety label
A product safety label, which includes two or more safety signs on the same
rectangular label, AND may also include supplementary safety information and/or
hazard severity panel.
4 Use of safety colors
4.1 General requirements
The use of safety colors, on product safety labels, serves the following basic purposes:
a) Make the product safety label easy to notice, by using color to attract people's
attention;
b) Identify product safety labels AND assign safety meanings to product safety labels
and their components.
Except for the orange safety color, the chromaticity properties and photometric
properties of other safety colors shall comply with the provisions of GB/T 2893.4. The
orange safety color is only used in the "warning" hazard severity panel. Table 1 specifies
the chromaticity and photometric properties of the orange safety color. Refer to
Appendix B, for reference values of the orange safety color in the color system.
Table 1 -- Chromaticity coordinates and luminance factors when orange safety
color is used for common materials
4.2 Contrasting colors
The contrasting color shall comply with the provisions of GB/T 2893.1. The contrasting
color of orange is black.
Coordinate
Determine the corner chromaticity coordinates of the allowable colour range: Standard illuminator D65, 2° field of view Luminance factor
5 Hazard severity panel
5.1 General requirements
If it is necessary to indicate the severity level of the hazard, the hazard severity panel
shall be added to the upper part of the combination product safety label or the multiple
product safety label. As shown in Table 2, the hazard severity panel shall be rectangular
in shape AND shall contain the following elements:
a) General warning signs (see Figure A.5);
b) Color;
c) Warning words (the warning words are optional).
5.2 Composition of hazard severity panel
A general warning sign shall be included on the hazard severity panel. When using
warning words, the warning word is located on the right side of the general warning
sign; it is displayed in the center of the hazard severity panel together with the general
warning sign; the word height of the warning word shall not exceed the graphic height
of the general warning sign. When no warning words are used, the general warning sign
is displayed centered on the hazard severity panel (see Table 2).
Warning words should use isometric font and bold. When the product is exported
outside the country, the warning words should use the language of the corresponding
country and region. Appendix C gives the standard expressions of warning words in
different languages.
6 Types and composition of product safety labels
6.1 General requirements
One or more safety signs shall be included in the product safety label. Product safety
labels may be accompanied by one or more areas of supplementary safety information
and a hazard severity panel. The supplementary safety information area shall consist of
text or supplementary safety information symbols.
Product safety labels shall conform to one of the following seven types:
a) Separate safety signs;
Appendix A
(Informative)
Guidelines for improving the identifiability of product safety labels
A.1 Overview
To enhance the comprehensibility of product safety labels, product manufacturers are
encouraged, to include information in their product user documentation (e.g., operation
manuals, instruction manuals, safety manuals, maintenance manuals, etc.), that helps
people understand product safety labels. In the product accompanying documents, in
addition to giving the product safety label, giving the contents of A.3 ~ A.5 will help to
achieve the purpose of publicizing and explaining to product users, so as to promote
people's recognition of the definition of the product safety label, which is specified in
this Part.
A.2 Graphical symbols
Product safety labels always contain graphic symbols in the geometric shape of their
safety signs (see A.3). The design principles of graphic symbols for safety signs are
given in GB/T 2893.3. If the product safety label has a supplementary safety
information symbol, the supplementary safety information symbol will be displayed in
a rectangular area. The safety signs and supplementary safety information symbols,
which are used on the product safety label, shall be explained in the user documentation,
which can enable users to better understand the meaning of the graphic symbols, so that
they can quickly identify the safety signs and supplementary safety information
symbols in the future. Supplementary information may also be added to other
documentation, which is provided with the product, to further clarify the safety signs
and supplementary safety information symbols.
A.3 Geometry
Figure A.1, Figure A.2, Figure A.3 and their text descriptions should be included in the
user documentation.
Appendix D
(Informative)
Example for design of product safety label
When designing product safety labels, that comply with this Part, the following options
are available:
- Only use the safety signs, which are specified in GB/T 31523.1, either alone or
together on the multiple product safety labels;
- Add supplementary safety information text to the safety signs in GB/T 31523.1;
- Add the hazard severity panel;
- Add supplementary safety information symbol;
- Use dividing lines to separate the various components of the product safety label,
in a variety of ways.
The example, as shown in Figure D.1, can provide a reference for designers, when
designing product safety labels, according to the principles given in this Part.
Figure D.1 shows various styles for communicating product safety information:
- D.1a): product safety label example for 6.1a);
- D.1b): product safety label example for 6.1a);
- D.1c): product safety label example for 6.1a);
- D.1d): product safety label example for 6.1f);
- D.1e): product safety label example for 6.1b);
- D.1f): product safety label example for 6.1d);
- D.1g): product safety label example for 6.1c);
- D.1h): product safety label example for 6.1e);
- D.1i): product safety label example for 6.1g);
- D.1j): product safety label example for 6.1g);
- D.1k): product safety label example for 6.1g);
Appendix E
(Informative)
Things to consider when designing product safety labels
E.1 Hazard source analysis and risk assessment
Before designing a product safety label, it shall assess the hazards of the product AND
the risks associated with each hazard. The focus here is to assess what residual risks
exist, after protective measures to prevent hazards have been taken, in the product
design, AND to determine which hazards shall be addressed, by means of product safety
labels. It should avoid the use of too many product safety labels, resulting in an overload
of information. For most products, it is not possible to inform the user of all the
predictable hazards arising from use or possible misuse, in the form of product safety
labels. Safety labels should be used, for those hazards with the greatest risk. Likewise,
it is necessary to decide which hazards need to be addressed in user documentation (e.g.,
product packaging, information sheets, operating and maintenance manuals). Such an
assessment can also determine what tolerable risks exist, after proactive preventive
measures have been taken (see GB/T 20002.4 for more information on hazard or risk
analysis and assessment).
E.2 Identify the target user
One of the first factors to consider, when designing a product safety label, is the
intended target user (i.e., those who will use or maintain the product, OR who may be
exposed to the hazard). Identifying the target user can help determine the most
appropriate form of product safety label design, to more effectively convey safety
information. It needs to decide whether to use a safety sign as a product safety label or
a safety sign with a supplementary safety information text area, as a product safety label.
The following issues need to be considered:
a) Whether it is necessary to use the hazard severity panel;
b) If using text, whether it is necessary to translate information points or warnings
into foreign languages;
c) Whether new product safety labels need to be designed, to better convey the
necessary information;
d) Whether training is necessary, to reinforce information on product safety labels.
Special consideration should be given, according to the type of target user, i.e., general
public or specially trained personnel. If part of the target user is visually impaired,
consider using touch-safe labels, that include raised graphic elements and/or Braille.
The education level of the target user is also one of the considerations, in determining
the need for text in product safety labels AND the need for comprehension testing of
safety signs.
Some of the elements, which are contained in GB/T 5296.1 and ISO/IEC Guide 14, are
helpful in designing product safety labels, which are relevant to consumers.
E.3 Comprehension testing and evaluation of product safety labels
If it is necessary to evaluate the effectiveness of the product safety label, in conveying
the intended safety information, the entire label can be evaluated, in a manner deemed
appropriate by the product supplier.
If the product safety label consists of only one safety sign, the comprehension test can
be carried out, according to the requirements of GB/T 16903.2. The pass value for the
test shall be set relatively high, to ensure that the intended target user can understand
the product safety label.
E.4 Determining when to use multiple product safety labels
A number of factors shall be considered, when deciding how to more effectively convey
product hazard information through labelling. This Part specifies the requirements to
be followed, when product safety labels are formed by two or more safety signs OR
when formed by one or more safety signs with auxiliary text. Product safety labels can
alert people to specific hazards, AND let people know how to avoid the danger. Whether
to express the necessary information through words in the label AND whether to include
the hazard severity panel in the label, needs to be decided, based on a comprehensive
consideration of many factors. These factors include, but are not limited to, the product's
intended market, the product's transit abroad during its validity period, the
characteristics of the target user, the severity and risk of encountering hazards,
difficulties in providing translations, space constraints on the product, general industry
practices, the laws and regulations of the corresponding country to which the product
is exported, etc.
E.5 Size and clarity of product safety labels
GB/T 2893.1 provides some guidelines on the size, clarity, viewing distance of safety
signs. The color of the product safety label should make it stand out. Product safety
labels can be made more conspicuous, by ensuring a contrasting color, between the
color of the product safety label and the surface color of the product, to which it is
attached, OR by adding a contrasting lining to the product safety label.
Product safety labels shall be of a size and legibility, that ensures sufficient legibility,
at safe viewing distances from potential hazards.
E.6 Placement of product safety labels
......
Source: Above contents are excerpted from the PDF -- translated/reviewed by: www.chinesestandard.net / Wayne Zheng et al.
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