GB/T 24986.1-2020 PDF English
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Testing evaluation methods for reliability on household and similar electrical appliances -- Part 1: General requirements
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GB/T 24986.1-2020: PDF in English (GBT 24986.1-2020) GB/T 24986.1-2020
GB
NATIONAL STANDARD OF THE
PEOPLE’S REPUBLIC OF CHINA
ICS 13.120
Y 60
Replacing GB/T 24986.1-2010
Testing evaluation methods for reliability on
household and similar electrical appliances - Part 1:
General requirements
ISSUED ON: NOVEMBER 19, 2020
IMPLEMENTED ON: JUNE 01, 2021
Issued by: State Administration for Market Regulation;
Standardization Administration of the People's Republic of
China.
Table of Contents
Foreword ... 3
1 Scope ... 5
2 Normative references ... 5
3 Terms and definitions ... 5
4 Parameters and indicators for reliability evaluation ... 8
5 Distribution hypothesis ... 9
6 Reliability evaluation methods ... 9
7 Tests... 12
8 Criteria and statistics of fault ... 13
9 Data processing ... 14
Annex A (normative) Calculation formula for exponential distribution MTBF .. 16
Annex B (normative) Exponential distribution reliability calculation ... 18
Annex C (informative) Test requirements for service life evaluation ... 19
Annex D (informative) Data processing for useful life evaluation ... 21
Testing evaluation methods for reliability on
household and similar electrical appliances - Part 1:
General requirements
1 Scope
This Part of GB/T 24986 specifies general requirements for reliability test and
evaluation of household and similar electrical appliances (hereinafter referred
to as "the appliance".
This Part applies to the test and evaluation of the reliability of the appliance in
the design, development, and manufacturing process.
NOTE: When testing and evaluating different types of appliances, they need to be
combined with their special requirements.
2 Normative references
The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of
this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated
references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any
amendments) applies.
GB/T 2900.99-2016, Electrotechnical terminology - Dependability
GB/T 4086.2, Tables for statistical distributions. X2 distribution
GB/T 34434, Household and similar electrical appliances - Accelerating test
method for reliability
JB/T 7518-1994, Guideline for reliability assessment of electromechanical
products
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions defined in GB/T
2900.99-2016, JB/T 7518-1994 as well as the followings apply.
3.1 reliability
3.14 mean operating time to first failure; MTTFF
the expected value of working time before the first failure
[GB/T 2900.99-2016, definition 192-05-12]
3.15 reliability growth testing
an iterative process to improve reliability through testing until failure, failure
analysis, corrective action implementation, and further testing
NOTE: Corrective actions can be applied to existing or new test products.
[GB/T 2900.99-2016, definition 192-12-06]
4 Parameters and indicators for reliability evaluation
4.1 Selection of reliability evaluation parameters
The selection of reliability evaluation parameters includes the following aspects:
a) The basic reliability reflects the equipment's demand for maintenance
manpower costs and logistical support resources. When determining the
basic reliability indicators, all life units and all failures of the equipment
shall be counted. The common basic reliability parameter is the mean time
between failure;
b) When determining the task reliability parameters, only the failures that
affect the completion of the task during the task are considered. Common
task reliability parameters include task reliability;
c) To monitor and verify the earlier failure of the appliance, the mean
operating time to first failure (MTTFF) can be used as the evaluation
parameter;
d) For the appliance that require control of the number of failures, select
failure rate, mean time between failure or reliability parameters;
e) For the appliance with wear faults, their life characteristics can be
described in terms of reliable life and useful life.
4.2 Determination of reliability evaluation indicators
The reliability evaluation indicator is the required value of the reliability
parameter. Based on user surveys and data accumulation, weigh it according
to the following factors:
a) The user needs;
b) The level of existing equipment;
c) The feasibility in technical and economic implementation.
5 Distribution hypothesis
5.1 For the appliance for which there is no sufficient data to verify and determine
the fault distribution characteristics, the following assumptions are used:
a) Use exponential distribution hypothesis for the whole machine that is
composed of more parts, complete machine equipment with multiple
failure modes, complex components and mainly composed of electronic
components;
b) Use Weibull distribution hypothesis for the one that consists of a few parts,
with the time between failures of mechanical parts with one or a few failure
modes.
5.2 If there is sufficient test data, it can be confirmed after verification.
5.3 For the appliance with similar product design and failure modes, statistical
analysis of the failure data and historical verification data of related products in
the market can be performed, so as to determine the distribution function of the
time between failures of the whole product or a specific failure mode.
6 Reliability evaluation methods
6.1 Overview
The reliability evaluation method is a method or way of reliability evaluation. It
is mainly a combination of qualitative analysis and quantitative evaluation.
Reliability evaluation usually can use methods such as FMEA, FTA,
comparative analysis of the reliability level of similar electrical appliances, and
reliability test data analysis to evaluate the reliability level of the appliance.
6.2 Qualitative analysis
The purpose of qualitative analysis and the corresponding methods that can be
used are as follows:
a) Explain the inheritance of the appliance and whether it is possible to adopt
mature technology in the design and craftsmanship of the appliance.
6.3.2 Expert scoring method
The expert scoring method relies on experienced technicians to score
according to several factors. The factors considered in the scoring can be
determined according to the characteristics of the electrical appliance. The four
commonly used scoring factors are: complexity, technical development level,
working hours, and environmental conditions. According to the scoring result,
the failure rate of the remaining units is calculated from the known failure rate
of a certain unit according to the scoring coefficient.
6.3.3 Similar product method
The similar product method is a predictive method that uses specific experience
gained from similar appliances. The fastest way to estimate the reliability
evaluation is to compare the appliance being designed and developed with a
similar appliance. The reliability of the latter has been determined by a certain
method and has been evaluated. The comparison between similar appliances
mainly includes the following aspects:
a) Comparison of the structure and performance of the appliance;
b) Design similarity;
c) Similarity of manufacturing.
6.3.4 Component counting method
The component counting method is the prediction method used in the
preliminary design stage. At this stage, the number of each general component
has been basically determined. In the later stages of design, development, and
manufacturing, the complexity of the entire design is not expected to change
significantly. The component counting method recognizes that the life of
components is exponentially distributed.
The information expected by the component counting method is:
a) Common types of components;
b) Number of components;
c) Component quality level;
d) Working environment of the appliance.
6.3.5 Map evaluation method
The map evaluation method uses a special probability plot paper, and the
cumulative distribution function studied on the probability paper can be drawn
into a straight line, and the parameters of the distribution are finally determined.
The average rank and median rank of cumulative percentages are used in
probability plotting. The average rank is suitable for symmetrical distributions,
such as normal distributions. The median rank applies to asymmetric
distributions, such as Weibull distribution.
7 Tests
7.1 Test arrangement
When arranging reliability tests for the appliance products, consider:
a) All tests that can provide information for evaluating and improving the
reliability of appliances, use the available information of these tests as
much as possible or carry out in combination with these tests, such as
performance tests, so as to make full use of resources, reduce repetitive
costs, improve test efficiency, and ensure that defects that are often
ignored in individual tests will not be missed;
b) The reliability test of the appliance can be combined with the durability test
of the appliance. The type and magnitude of environmental stress and
working stress shall simulate the environmental and working conditions
expected to be used;
c) The use of accelerated reliability test can significantly shorten the test time,
according to the application guidance of the accelerated test method for
appliance reliability specified in GB/T 34434.
7.2 Test conditions
When determining the reliability test conditions, it shall pay attention to:
a) When determining the reliability test conditions during the design and
development process, consideration shall be given to exposing the
defects in the design, materials, and craftsmanship that exist in the
appliance;
b) When carrying out reliability appraisal, acceptance test and reliability
growth test, the authenticity of the test must first be considered. Simulate
the actual use environment of electrical appliances, so that the appliance
can withstand the type, level and duration of stress experienced in use.
The selected stress can fully expose the failures that occur in actual use,
and will not induce failures that will not occur in actual use.
Annex C
(informative)
Test requirements for service life evaluation
C.1 Verification method of useful life indicators
The verification method of useful life is generally divided into engineering
empirical method and analytical method. The verification of the appliance's
useful life indicators adopts the engineering empirical method.
C.2 Test conditions
The test conditions of the appliance durability test are carried out according to
the test requirements of the specific product.
C.3 Test time
The single test time of the appliance durability test is 1.2 to 1.5 times the rated
useful life or the value to be verified.
The least total test time TL≥n×K×T0. Where, n is the number of tested products,
T0 is the specified life of the tested products, and K is the engineering
experience coefficient. The specific value can be negotiated by the
manufacturer and the ordering party based on factors such as the importance
of the product and the experience of similar products.
C.4 Number of tested samples
The number of samples for the durability test of the appliance is generally not
less than 2 sets.
Products of the same series with similar designs and the same failure mode
can be combined and verified with different models of this series of products.
C.5 Selection of tested samples
According to the actual situation, the sample selection method can be any one
of the following methods.
C.5.1 When the product to be verified requires reliability index evaluation at the
same time, before the start of the appliance MTBF evaluation test, n of them
shall be randomly designated as durability test samples.
C.5.2 In other cases, randomly select products from finalized state products or
...... Source: Above contents are excerpted from the PDF -- translated/reviewed by: www.chinesestandard.net / Wayne Zheng et al.
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