GB/T 24131.1-2018 PDF in English
GB/T 24131.1-2018 (GB/T24131.1-2018, GBT 24131.1-2018, GBT24131.1-2018)
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Rubber, raw -- Determination of volatile matter content -- Part 1: Hot-mill method and oven method
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Standards related to: GB/T 24131.1-2018
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GB/T 24131.1-2018: PDF in English (GBT 24131.1-2018) GB/T 24131.1-2018
GB
NATIONAL STANDARD OF THE
PEOPLE’S REPUBLIC OF CHINA
ICS 83.060
G 40
Replacing GB/T 24131.1-2009
Rubber, raw - Determination of volatile matter content
- Part 1. Hot-mill method and oven method
(ISO 248-1.2011, MOD)
ISSUED ON. SEPTEMBER 17, 2018
IMPLEMENTED ON. APRIL 01, 2019
Issued by. State Administration for Market Regulation;
Standardization Administration of PRC.
Table of Contents
Foreword ... 3
1 Scope ... 6
2 Normative references ... 6
3 Terms and definitions ... 7
4 Principles ... 7
5 Hot-mill method ... 7
6 Oven method ... 10
7 Precision ... 14
8 Test report ... 14
Appendix A (Informative) Selection of test methods ... 15
Appendix B (Normative) Homogenization ... 16
Appendix C (Informative) Precision ... 17
References ... 20
Rubber, raw - Determination of volatile matter content
- Part 1. Hot-mill method and oven method
Caution - The personnel using this part shall be familiar with the
procedures of the regular laboratory. This part does not address all
possible security issues. It is the responsibility of the user to take
appropriate safety and health measures and to ensure compliance with
the conditions set by the relevant national regulations.
Caution - The substances used or generated or the wastes produced in
some of the steps in this part may damage to the local environment and
shall be safely processed and disposed of in accordance with relevant
documents after the test.
1 Scope
1.1 This part of GB/T 24131.1 specifies two methods for determining the volatile
matter content of raw rubber by hot-mill method and oven method.
1.2 These methods are suitable for determining the volatile matter content of
the group-R rubbers as listed in GB/T 5576. The group-R rubber refers to a
rubber containing an unsaturated carbon chain, such as natural rubber and a
rubber which is at least partially synthesized from a diolefin. These methods are
also applicable to the determination of other rubbers, but in this case, it must
be verified that the change in mass is due only to the loss of actual volatile
matter rather than rubber degradation.
1.3 The hot-mill method is neither suitable for natural rubber and synthetic
rubber that is difficult to handle on hot-mills, nor suitable for chip and powdered
rubber.
1.4 Determination by these methods may not give the same result. Therefore,
in the case of controversy, oven method A is a reference method.
Note. Refer to Appendix A for the test methods applicable to different types of
rubber.
2 Normative references
The following documents are essential to the application of this document. For
the dated documents, only the versions with the dates indicated are applicable
mass m4). Before each weighing, it shall place the test portion in a desiccator
to cool it to room temperature.
5.3.2 Hot-mill method B
5.3.2.1 Hot-mill Method B1
5.3.2.1.1 From the laboratory sample, weigh about 250 g of test portion,
accurate to 0.1 g (mass m5).
5.3.2.1.2 Adjust the roller’s spacing to 0.30 mm ± 0.05 mm. Follow the lead strip
method as used in GB/T 6038 to measure the roller’s spacing. The surface
temperature of the roller is kept at 105 °C ± 5 °C. Make the test portion pass
through the roller for at least two times, accurate to 0.1 g. Then make the test
portion pass through the roller for at least two times again; weight it.
5.3.2.1.3 If the difference of mass of the test portion before and after passing
through the roller is less than 0.1 g, the test portion is considered to be
completely dry. Otherwise, continue to pass the test portion through the roller
twice until the difference between the two consecutive weighing values is less
than 0.1 g (final mass m6).
5.3.2.2 Hot-mill method B2
5.3.2.2.1 From the laboratory sample, weigh about 250 g of test portion,
accurate to 0.1 g (mass m5).
5.3.2.2.2 Adjust the roller’s spacing to 0.30 mm ± 0.05 mm. Follow the lead strip
method as used in GB/T 6038 to measure the roller’s spacing. The surface
temperature of the roller is kept at 105 °C ± 5 °C. Make the test portion
repeatedly pass through the open-mill for 4 min; weigh it, accurate to 0.1 g.
Then make the test portion pass through the open-mill for 2 min; weigh it,
accurate to 0.1 g.
5.3.2.2.3 If the difference in mass between the end of 4 min and the end of 6
min is less than 0.1 g, calculate the volatile matter content. Otherwise, make
the test portion pass through the open-mill for another 2 min, until the difference
between the two consecutive weighing values is less than 0.1 g (final mass m6).
Note. After the test, the test portion is preferably cooled in a desiccator.
5.4 Representation of result
5.4.1 Hot-mill method A
The volatile matter content (w1) is calculated by mass fraction (%) according to
formula (1).
6.3.1.2 Synthetic rubber
6.3.1.2.1 According to the provisions of GB/T 15340, from the laboratory sample,
weigh about 250 g of test sample; homogenize it according to Appendix B.
Weigh the mass of the test sample before and after the homogenization (the
mass is m7 and m8, respectively), accurate to 0.1 g. If necessary, from the
homogenized test sample, cut the test portion for other chemical and physical
tests.
6.3.1.2.2 From the homogenized test sample, weigh about 10 g of the test
portion, accurate to 0.001 g (mass m9).
6.3.1.2.3 Set the temperature of the open-mill’s roller to 70 °C ± 5 °C. Make the
test portion pass through the roller for two times to press it into a thin sheet
which has a thickness of less than 2 mm.
6.3.1.2.4 If the test portion cannot be pressed into a thin sheet, from the
homogenized test portion, weigh about 10 g of the test portion. Manually cut it
into a rubber block which has a side length of 2 mm ~ 5 mm. Place it in a clean
watch glass or aluminum dish which is convenient for weighing to weigh it,
accurate to 0.001 g (mass m9).
6.3.1.2.5 According to 6.3.1.1.4, dry the test portion and weigh it, accurate to
0.001 g (final mass m10).
6.3.1.2.6 If the rubber is stuck to the roller and it is difficult to weigh the mass of
the test portion before and after homogenization, take about 10 g of the test
portion directly from the laboratory sample, manually cut it into a rubber block
which has a side length of 2 mm ~ 5 mm. Place it in a clean watch glass or
aluminum dish which is convenient for weighing to weigh it, accurate to 0.001
g (mass m9). According to 6.3.1.1.4, dry the test portion and weigh it, accurate
to 0.001 g (final mass m10).
6.3.1.2.7 If the rubber is in powder form, it may randomly weigh about 10 g of
test portion. Place it in a clean watch glass or aluminum dish which is
convenient for weighing to weigh it, accurate to 0.001 g (mass m9). Follow the
requirements of 6.3.1.1.4 to dry the test portion and weigh it (final mass m10),
accurate to 0.001 g.
6.3.2 Oven method B
6.3.2.1 Take about 250 g of the test portion. Make it pass through the open-
mill’s roller which has a surface temperature of about 30 °C and a roller spacing
of 0.30 mm ± 0.05 mm for two times, to roll it into thin sheet. From this sheet,
randomly take two sets of about 50 g of test portion, accurate to 0.01 g (mass
m11). Place the test portion in an oven at a temperature of 105 °C ± 5 °C for 2
h, take it out, place it in a desiccator to cool it to room temperature, weigh it,
Appendix C
(Informative)
Precision
C.1 Summary
According to the requirements of ISO/TR 9272.1986, finish the calculation of
precision for repeatability and reproducibility. For the concepts and terminology
of precision, see ISO/TR 9272.
C.2 ITP details carried out in 1984
C.2.1 At the end of 1984, the Malaysian Rubber Research Institute organized a
precision according to the Interlaboratory Test Procedure (ITP). Two types of
materials were sent to each laboratory and tested in two separate procedures
in March and July, respectively.
a) Mixed samples A and B of two rubbers;
b) Two separate rubber samples A and B.
C.2.2 For the two mixed samples and the two separate samples above, the test
results are the average of three independent test results.
C.2.3 Use the oven method A to determine the volatile matter content.
C.2.4 Follow the ITP requirements to carry out the type-1 precision test.
Repeatability and reproducibility tests were performed in a few days, where the
mixed samples are tested by 14 laboratories, the separate samples were tested
in 13 laboratories, respectively.
C.3 ITP details carried out in 2003
C.3.1 During the April and May 2003, according to the ITP requirements, seven
laboratories participated in the hot-mill method B test, eight laboratories
participated in the oven method B test.
C.3.2 According to hot-mill method B and oven method B respectively, test two
kinds of raw rubbers. sample C (SBR 1500) and sample D (non-oil-filled BR).
C.3.3 According to the ITP requirements, the above-mentioned laboratory
repeat the test on the two raw rubber samples. The results obtained are as
shown in Table C.3 and Table C.4, respectively. The average value and
precision estimation of oven method B and hot-mill method B are given
......
Source: Above contents are excerpted from the PDF -- translated/reviewed by: www.chinesestandard.net / Wayne Zheng et al.
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