GB/T 23341.2-2018 PDF in English
GB/T 23341.2-2018 (GB/T23341.2-2018, GBT 23341.2-2018, GBT23341.2-2018)
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Turbochargers -- Part 2: Test methods
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Standards related to (historical): GB/T 23341.2-2018
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GB/T 23341.2-2018: PDF in English (GBT 23341.2-2018) GB/T 23341.2-2018
NATIONAL STANDARD OF THE
PEOPLE’S REPUBLIC OF CHINA
ICS 27.020
J 91
Replacing GB/T 23341.2-2009
Turbochargers - Part 2: Test methods
ISSUED ON: FEBRUARY 06, 2018
IMPLEMENTED ON: SEPTEMBER 01, 2018
Issued by: General Administration of Quality Supervision, Inspection and
Quarantine;
Standardization Administration of the People's Republic of China.
Table of Contents
Foreword ... 3
1 Scope ... 5
2 Normative references ... 5
3 Terms and definitions ... 5
4 Technical requirements for test equipment ... 6
5 General conditions for tests ... 8
6 Test items and methods ... 8
Annex A (informative) Record sheet for compressor performance test ... 28
Annex B (informative) Record sheet for turbine performance test ... 30
Annex C (informative) Record sheet for supercharger self cycle test ... 31
Annex D (informative) Schematic diagram of turbine casing flow capacity test ... 33
Turbochargers - Part 2: Test methods
1 Scope
This Part of GB/T 23341 specifies technical requirements for test equipment of radial
and mixed-flow turbochargers (hereinafter referred to as "the supercharger") and
general methods for bench performance test.
This Part applies to superchargers for internal combustion engines (including diesel
engines, gasoline engines and natural gas engines) for vehicles, ships, construction
machinery, agricultural and forestry machinery, power generation and other purposes.
This Part does not apply to axial-flow superchargers.
2 Normative references
The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this
document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references,
the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
GB/T 2624 (all parts), Full differential pressure device installed in a pipe of circular
cross-section measuring fluid flow
GB/T 23341.1-2018, Turbochargers - Part 1: General requirements
JB/T 6002-2007, Turbochargers. Limit values and measurement methods for
cleanliness
JB/T 9752.3, Turbochargers - Part 3: Balance quality requirements and check
methods of rotors
JB/T 12334-2015, Measuring method for noise of turbochargers
JB/T 12335-2015, Turbochargers. Leakage test method
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions defined in GB/T 23341.1
as well as the followings apply.
3.1 hot blast test
The test that the external source compressed air is heated and input to the turbine, and
the flow, such as the non-contact electromagnetic sensor tube speed measurement or
photoelectric speed measurement instrument for the magnetization of the compressor
impeller lock nut. Instrument accuracy is ±0.2% of full scale.
4.3 Pressure measurement
4.3.1 Static pressure measurement of compressor or turbine inlet and outlet gas. Use a
measuring tube with a straight and smooth inner wall and a circular section. The area
of the pipeline is not less than the area of the connected inlet and outlet. The pipe length
is not less than 5 times the pipe diameter. The length of the straight section before the
static pressure measuring point (in the direction of the airflow) is not less than 2 times
the pipe diameter. In addition to the direct measurement of the total pressure of the gas
at the inlet and outlet, it can also be calculated from the measured static pressure, total
temperature and flow rate. Instrument accuracy is ±0.2% of full scale.
4.3.2 Lubricating oil pressure measurement. Instrument accuracy is ±2% of full scale.
4.3.3 Ambient barometric pressure measurement. Instrument accuracy is ±2% of full
scale.
4.4 Temperature measurement
4.4.1 Compressor and turbine inlet and outlet temperatures shall be measured in circular
section measuring tubes by electrical thermometers with stagnant sheaths. The
measuring point shall be arranged at a position of 0.5 times the pipe diameter behind
the static pressure measuring point (in the direction of the airflow). It shall be staggered
from the pressure measuring point. The electrical thermometer shall be inserted
vertically. The depth is 1/3 of the diameter of the measuring pipe (calculated by the
position of the orifice of the stagnant sheath). When the diameter of the measuring pipe
is small and cannot be inserted into the depth specified by the thermometer itself, it is
allowed to insert the 1/2 position of the diameter of the measuring pipe.
4.4.2 When measuring the performance of the compressor, the accuracy of the
instrument is ±0.3% of the full scale. When measuring turbine performance, the
instrument accuracy is ±0.5% of full scale. For other measurement of turbine inlet and
outlet temperature, the instrument accuracy is ±1% of full scale.
4.4.3 Lubricating oil temperature measurement. Instrument accuracy is ±2% of full
scale.
4.4.4 Ambient air temperature measurement. Instrument accuracy is ±1% of full scale.
4.5 Flow measurement
Compressor flow measurement can be carried out by gas mass flowmeter or standard
orifice flowmeter or end-face intake double-wire flowmeter. The standard orifice
flowmeter is installed on the compressor outlet piping. The end-face intake double-wire
flowmeter is installed on the compressor inlet piping. Turbine flow measurement can
be carried out by gas mass flowmeter or standard orifice flowmeter. The flow meter is
mounted on the intake duct in front of the combustion chamber. The design,
manufacture, installation, use and flow calculation of standard orifice flowmeter shall
comply with the provisions of GB/T 2624. The end-face air inlet double-wire flowmeter
or other types of flowmeters shall be calibrated before they can be used. Instrument
accuracy is ±0.5% of full scale.
5 General conditions for tests
5.1 The supercharger used for the test shall meet the requirements of the product
technical documents and pass the inspection.
5.2 The measuring instrument used for the test shall be verified and calibrated by an
authorized metrology department. It shall be accompanied by a certificate. It shall be
within the validity period of the verification period.
5.3 The supercharger for diesel engine shall use at least CD40 or lubricating oil of
equivalent level. Gasoline engine and natural gas supercharger shall use at least
SL15W-40 or lubricating oil of equivalent level.
5.4 During the test, unless otherwise specified, the following parameters shall be
controlled:
a) The lubricating oil inlet oil pressure is 0.25MPa~0.5MPa. The inlet oil
temperature is 60℃~100℃. The outlet oil temperature is ≤120℃.
b) The compressor inlet pressure ≥-6kPa.
c) The turbine outlet back pressure is generally ≤3kPa (for models requiring high
back pressure, it is implemented according to special technical conditions). When
the test pipeline is allowed to have exhaust air, the negative pressure at the turbine
outlet is generally ≤1kPa. However, the ambient conditions shall be kept consistent
throughout the test process, so as to avoid measurement errors. When conducting
the turbine performance test, it is not allowed to use the exhaust air extraction
device. The back pressure of the turbine outlet is ≤600Pa.
d) The cooling water inlet temperature is 75℃~85℃. The cooling water inlet
pressure is 0.1MPa~0.2MPa.
e) The test speed deviation shall be controlled within ±0.5% speed range.
6 Test items and methods
6.1 Compressor performance test
provisions of Chapter 4 and Chapter 5.
6.2.2 Test methods
6.2.2.1 The turbine performance test is carried out under the same turbine resemble
rotate speed . The turbine resemble speed line of each supercharger can be
converted into 7 equal-conversion speed lines from the highest allowable speed to the
low speed, or from the low speed to the highest allowable speed. Divide the gears. The
gear can be divided by converting the linear speed of the compressor into a resemble
speed of the turbine at the specified test temperature.
6.2.2.2 During the test, each equal-turbine resemble speed line is measured point by
point from its minimum similar flow point to its maximum similar flow point. The
minimum resemble flow point and the maximum resemble flow point correspond to the
compressor's surge point and choke point, respectively. Between the minimum resemble
flow point and the maximum resemble flow point, the measurement points shall be no
less than 6 points, evenly distributed.
6.2.2.3 During the turbo performance test, if the supercharger has a bleed valve, the
bleed valve is closed. If the turbocharger has an adjustable nozzle on the turbine end,
adjust the nozzle position separately from the maximum position to the minimum
position. No less than 3 opening positions. Turbine characteristic test is carried out
separately at each opening position.
6.2.2.4 Control the exhaust gas inlet temperature to be a constant value for the turbine
performance test. The recommended exhaust gas inlet temperature of diesel engine
supercharger is 600℃±20℃. The exhaust gas inlet temperature of the supercharger for
natural gas and gasoline engines can be 900℃±20℃.
6.2.3 Test steps
Carry out the test according to the following test steps:
a) Install the qualified supercharger on the test bench. Install all connecting pipes.
b) Turn on the lubricating oil pump to warm up the lubricating oil. All control
parameters meet the requirements of 5.4.
c) Start the external air source for cold blast for 5min. Check the connection parts of
the pipeline for no air leakage, oil leakage. There shall be no abnormal sound when
the supercharger is running. Then adjust the air volume to bring the supercharger
to the ignition speed.
d) Ignite to hot blow the supercharger. Adjust the air source and fuel or gas to make
the supercharger run for 5min at the calibrated speed and gas temperature. It is
required that the operation is balanced, there is no air leakage, oil leakage, and the
sound is normal.
e) Adjust air source and fuel or gas. Control the temperature of the exhaust gas inlet
to a constant value. Select an equal-resemble speed line. Find surge and choke
points. Evenly divide the flow of the two intervals into more than 6 points for
testing. During the test, measure the value of each measuring point after the test
control parameters are adjusted to the specified value and stabilized for 3min (time
can be shorten for the surge point). Measure each point for 5 times. Take the
average value when calculating.
f) After the test, close the fuel or gas valve. Then use a cold air source to blow the
cold supercharger.
6.2.4 Measurement parameters
During the test, measure the following parameters:
a) Total pressure of turbine inlet gas;
b) Total temperature of turbine inlet gas;
c) Turbine flow or flowmeter gas differential pressure;
d) Turbine outlet gas static pressure;
e) Turbine outlet gas static temperature;
f) Total pressure of compressor inlet gas;
g) Total temperature of compressor inlet gas;
h) Total pressure of compressor outlet gas;
i) Total temperature of compressor outlet gas;
j) Supercharger rotate speed;
k) Lubricating oil inlet temperature;
l) Lubricating oil outlet temperature;
m) Lubricating oil flow;
n) Atmospheric pressure and ambient temperature during the test.
6.2.5 Data processing
According to the parameters measured in the test, according to the relevant formulas in
GB/T 23341.1-2018, calculate turbine resemble flow, turbine efficiency, expansion
pressure and speed to prevent over-temperature and over-speed. Avoid accidents.
Adjust the intake valve and fuel supply at the inlet of the turbine box evenly and
slowly. After confirming that the self cycle of the supercharger is successful, close
the intake valve.
f) Adjust the speed of the supercharger to the working speed when the test is required.
Test after running stably for 8min~10min.
g) After the test, slowly reduce the speed. Close fuel valve. Turn off. At the same
time, close the self cycle valve for cold blast. After the test is completed, the
lubricating oil pump can only be turned off after the supercharger stops running.
6.3.4 Measurement parameters
During the test, measure the following parameters:
a) Total pressure of compressor inlet gas;
b) Total temperature of compressor inlet gas;
c) Compressor flow or flowmeter gas differential pressure;
d) Total pressure of compressor outlet gas;
e) Total temperature of compressor outlet gas;
f) Total pressure of turbine inlet gas;
g) Total temperature of turbine inlet gas;
h) Static pressure of turbine outlet gas;
i) Static temperature of turbine outlet gas;
j) Rotate speed of the supercharger;
k) Lubricating oil outlet temperature;
l) Atmospheric pressure and ambient temperature during the test.
6.3.5 Data processing
According to the parameters measured in the test, according to the relevant formulas in
GB/T 23341.1-2018, calculate supercharger performance parameters such as
compressor pressure ratio πc, compressor conversion flow Gcnp, compressor efficiency
ηc and supercharger total efficiency ηTc. The self cycle performance test data can be
recorded in the format of Annex C.
6.4 Supercharger noise test
According to JB/T 12334-2015.
6.5 Characteristic test of turbocharger lubricating oil supply
6.5.1 Test conditions
The test bench shall comply with the provisions of Chapter 4. In addition to the
provisions in Chapter 5, the test conditions shall also meet the following provisions:
a) The adjustment range of lubricating oil pressure is 0MPa~0.7MPa;
b) The adjustment range of lubricating oil temperature is 0℃~150℃;
c) The flowmeter accuracy is ±0.5%.
6.5.2 Test methods
Use external air source hot blast or self cycle to test. Adjust the inlet oil temperature
and inlet pressure of the supercharger as follows:
a) Under the speed of supercharger 0.3nmax, 0.5nmax, 0.8nmax, the lubricating oil
inlet temperature is a certain temperature value (respectively, no less than 4
temperature values in the range of 60℃~120℃, evenly distributed). Respectively
measure the mass flow of lubricating oil passing through the supercharger under
different oil supply pressures (0.2MPa, 0.3MPa, 0.4MPa, 0.5MPa respectively);
b) The test can be carried out by weighing method. The lubricating oil flow meter
can also be used to directly read the lubricating oil flow value.
6.5.3 Test steps
Carry out the test according to the following test steps:
a) Install the qualified supercharger on the self cycle test bench. Connect various
pipes.
b) Turn on the lubricating oil pump and lubricating oil heater. Set the inlet oil
pressure value and inlet oil temperature value of the supercharger. Supply oil to the
supercharger.
c) Turn on the external air source and ignite. Adjust the turbocharger speed to the
specified value.
d) When the speed of the supercharger, the inlet pressure of the supercharger, and
the inlet oil temperature of the supercharger reach the specified value, start the
measurement.
e) If the lubricating oil flow meter is used, the lubricating oil flow value through the
supercharger can be directly read at this time. If weighing method is used, record
6.6.1 Test conditions
The test shall be carried out on a special bench that can adjust the working conditions
and measurable parameters. In addition to the test bench and test conditions shall meet
the provisions of Chapter 4 and Chapter 5, the test bench shall also be equipped with
safety protection devices and video recording system.
6.6.2 Test methods
The casing containment test of the supercharger includes the containment test of the
compressor casing and the turbine casing. Test as follows:
a) Compressor casing containment test is conducted under external air source heat
blast. Run the supercharger to 1.2 times the rated speed. If the compressor impeller
has not been broken at this time, manually cut grooves or drill holes in the back of
the impellor. Make the compressor impellor hub rupture at this speed. Check
whether the compressor casing is damaged by the impeller.
b) Turbine casing containment test is conducted under heat blast from external air
source. Run the supercharger to 1.2 times the rated speed. If the turbine impeller
has not been broken at this time, manually cut grooves or drill holes in the back of
the impellor. Break the turbine impellor at this speed. Check whether the turbine
casing is damaged by the turbine impeller.
6.6.3 Test steps
Carry out the compressor casing containment test according to the following test steps:
a) Conduct supplementary processing of compressor casing, turbine casing, back
plate before the test. Then assemble the whole machine;
b) Install the whole machine on a special test bench. Connect various pipes. Check
whether the video recording system is normal and whether the protective cover is
installed properly. During the test, to rapidly increase the speed of the impeller, an
aluminum cover can be used to seal the compressor inlet, so as to perform suction
vacuum;
c) Turn on the external air source to cold blast the supercharger. Check the
connection parts of the supercharger for no air leakage, oil leakage. There shall be
no abnormal sound when the supercharger is running;
d) After the supercharger runs stably at 0.8nb speed for 5min, increase the speed
rapidly until the impeller scatters. Record the rotate speed of the supercharger when
the impeller breaks. Use a stopwatch to record the time of the acceleration failure
process or make a video recording of the entire test process.
Carry out the turbine casing containment test according to the following test steps:
a) Replace the compressor impellor with an equivalent wheel before the test.
However, the original dynamic balance accuracy requirements of the rotor system
shall be maintained. Allow to remove the compressor casing;
b) Install the modified supercharger on the special test bench. Connect various pipes.
Check whether the video recording system is normal and whether the protective
cover is installed properly;
c) Turn on the external air source to cold blast the supercharger. Check the
connection parts of the supercharger for no air leakage, oil leakage. There shall be
no abnormal sound when the supercharger is running;
d) After the supercharger runs stably for 5min at 0.8nb speed, the speed is rapidly
increased until the turbine impeller scatters. Record the turbine impeller rupture
speed. Use a stopwatch to record the time of the accelerated rupture process or
make a video recording of the entire test process.
6.6.4 Measurement parameters
During the test, measure the following parameters:
a) The rotate speed of the compressor impeller and turbine impeller when they are
broken;
b) The time of rapid acceleration when the compressor impeller and turbine impeller
are scattered and broken;
c) Turbine inlet gas temperature when the turbine scatters and breaks;
d) Compressor inlet gas temperature when the compressor impeller scatters and
breaks;
e) Atmospheric pressure and ambient temperature during the test.
6.6.5 Data processing
Calculate whether the supercharger compressor impellor or turbine breaks at the
specified speed based on the measured parameters. Dismantle the supercharger. Check
the degree of containment of the compressor casing or turbine casing of the
supercharger.
6.7 Overspeed destruction performance test of supercharger compressor impeller,
turbine impeller
6.7.1 Test conditions
The test shall be carried out on a special bench that can adjust the working conditions
and measurable parameters. In addition to the test bench and test conditions shall meet
However, the original dynamic balance accuracy requirements of the rotor system
shall be maintained. Allow to remove the compressor casing. If the turbine box has
a bleed valve, the bleed valve shall be plugged to avoid air leakage;
b) Install the modified supercharger on the special test bench. Connect various pipes.
Check whether the video recording system is normal and whether the protective
cover is installed properly;
c) Turn on the external air source to cold blast the supercharger. Check the
connection parts of the supercharger for no air leakage or oil leakage. There shall
be no abnormal sound when the supercharger is running;
d) After the supercharger runs stably for 5min at the nb speed, after adjusting the inlet
gas temperature of the driving turbine to reach the operating temperature of the
turbine casing, rapidly increase the rotate speed until the turbine impellor flies off.
Record the turbine impeller rupture speed. Use a stopwatch to record the time of
the accelerated rupture process, or make a video recording of the entire test process;
e) If the turbine impellor is not broken, the supercharger itself has failed, and the test
shall be repeated until the turbine impellor breaks.
6.7.4 Data processing
Calculate the safety factor for the rupture of the turbocharger compressor impellor or
turbine impellor from the measured parameters. Dismantle the supercharger. Check the
cracking degree of the supercharger's compressor impellor or turbine impellor.
6.8 Reliability test of the supercharger
6.8.1 Test conditions
The test shall be carried out on a special bench that can adjust the working conditions
and measurable parameters. The test bench and test conditions shall comply with the
provisions of Chapter 4 and Chapter 5.
6.8.2 Test methods
The reliability test of the supercharger adopts the method of external air source hot blast
and self cycle. Carry out a 200h reliability endurance thermal cycle assessment test.
a) The 200h endurance thermal cycle assessment test of the supercharger shall be
continuously tested in the order of Table 2;
b) When the supercharger is subjected to the thermal cycle assessment test, the test
specification shall be carried out continuously according to the requirements of
Figure 3.
......
Source: Above contents are excerpted from the PDF -- translated/reviewed by: www.chinesestandard.net / Wayne Zheng et al.
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