GB/T 23119-2017 PDF English
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Household and similar electrical appliances -- Water for performance testing
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Household and similar electrical appliances -- Performance -- Hard water for testing
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GB/T 23119-2017: PDF in English (GBT 23119-2017) GB/T 23119-2017
Household and similar electrical appliances - Water for performance testing
ICS 97.180
Y69
National Standards of People's Republic of China
Replace GB/T 23119-2008
Water for performance testing of household and similar electrical appliances
(IEC 60734.2012, Householdelectricalappliances-
Performance-Waterfortesting, IDT)
Released on.2017-10-14
2018-05-01 implementation
General Administration of Quality Supervision, Inspection and Quarantine of the People's Republic of China
China National Standardization Administration issued
Content
Foreword III
Introduction IV
1 range 1
2 Normative references 1
3 terms and definitions, symbol 1
4 Measurement and accuracy 2
5 standard water 3
6 Preparation of standard water 4
7 Storage of standard water 7
8 test 7
Appendix A (informative) Water hardness conversion table 8
Foreword
This standard was drafted in accordance with the rules given in GB/T 1.1-2009.
This standard replaces GB/T 23119-2008 "hard water used in performance testing of household and similar electrical appliances", and GB/T 23119-
The main technical changes in.2008 are as follows.
---Change of standard name, changed from "hard water used in performance test of household and similar electrical appliances" to "home and similar use electricity"
Water performance testing."
--- Chapter 1 increases the original 3 types of standard water to 4 categories, from soft to very hard, according to hardness, alkalinity and conductivity.
--- Chapter 2 adds normative references to the determination of conductivity, alkalinity and pH.
--- Chapter 3 increases the definition of alkalinity and conductivity, as well as the symbols, units and definitions of properties such as alkalinity, conductivity and hardness.
--- Chapter 4 name changed to "measurement and accuracy", in particular to add additional requirements for hardness, alkalinity and conductivity.
--- Chapter 5 name changed to "standard water", define four different types of water and make additional requirements.
--- The overall structure of Chapter 6 has been adjusted, and the preparation method A is no longer retained; the preparation method C3 is added to consider the alkalinity and conductivity.
It is an important part of this standard adjustment.
--- Appendix A, the hardness of the test water is classified from the original 3 to 4.
This standard uses the translation method equivalent to IEC 60734.2012 (Ed4.0) "Household Appliance Performance Test Water".
The documents of our country that have a consistent correspondence with the international documents referenced in this standard are as follows.
--- GB/T 7477-1987 Determination of the total amount of calcium and magnesium - EDTA titration (eqv ISO 6059.1984)
---GB/T 15451-2006 Determination of total alkali and phenolphthalein alkalinity of industrial circulating cooling water (ISO 9963-1.1994, MOD)
---GB/T 22592-2008 Water treatment agent pH determination method (ISO 10523.1994, NEQ)
This standard has made the following editorial changes.
--- Modified the standard name.
This standard was proposed by the China Light Industry Association.
This standard is under the jurisdiction of the National Standardization Technical Committee for Household Appliances (SAC/TC46).
This standard was drafted. China Household Electrical Appliances Research Institute, Bo Xihua Electric (Jiangsu) Co., Ltd., Foshan Shunde District, the United States washing appliances
Manufacturing Co., Ltd., Qingdao Haier Washing Machine Co., Ltd., Wuxi Little Swan Co., Ltd., Matsushita Electric Appliance Research and Development (Hangzhou) Co., Ltd.
Division, National Household Appliance Quality Supervision and Inspection Center.
The main drafters of this standard. Zhu Yan, Xiong Haoping, Shi Yuling, Yue Jingsong, Jia Chungeng, Li Shanshan, Guan Haiyan, Chen Jie.
The previous versions of the standards replaced by this standard are.
---GB/T 23119-2008.
introduction
This standard describes various preparation methods for standard water used in household appliances testing to avoid reproducibility of water quality to relevant test results.
influences.
This standard describes two methods, A and B, for the preparation of three different hardnesses of water. The experience of applying these methods shows that for some
For some purposes, if the cost is very expensive, or if these are not suitable for producing large amounts of hard water, then these methods need not be strictly enforced; in addition to some given water
The hardness does not meet the performance standards. In this case, the use of the given supplementary methods C1 and C2 allows the use of softened water.
For tap water.
Method A was used to prepare hard water that generally met the hardness requirements. Dissolve the hardening salt into the demineralized water by means of carbon dioxide bubbles
Preparation is carried out.
Method B is prepared in a similar manner, but other types of salts are used which should be soluble without the use of carbon dioxide. This side
As a result of the preparation of the method, excess ions are generated compared to Method A. Both Method A and Method B can be used to obtain the required temporary hardness or permanent hardness.
Hard water.
Method C1 uses tap water having a hardness value higher than the required value. Method C2 uses hardened tap water, based on tap water.
Ingredients, many other ions can be found, limiting the amount of certain ions that may affect the results of washing and dishwasher washing tests. No test
For temporary requirements, permanent hardness is required.
Water for performance testing of household and similar electrical appliances
1 Scope
This standard specifies the performance test for household and similar electrical appliances (such as washing machines, dishwashers, dryers, steam irons, etc.)
Preparation of 4 different hardness, conductivity and alkalinity water.
This standard defines the performance and preparation of four different standard waters, as well as the required measurement requirements.
2 Normative references
The following documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated references, only dated versions apply to this article.
Pieces. For undated references, the latest edition (including all amendments) applies to this document.
ISO 6059 - Determination of the total amount of calcium and magnesium - Water quality -Determination ofthesumof
calciumandmagnesium-EDTAtitrimetricmethod)
ISO 7888 Water quality-Determination of electrical conductivity
Determination of alkalinity of water quality - Part 1 . Determination of total bases and phenolic alkalinity (Water quality -
Determinationofalkalinity-Part 1.Determinationoftotalandcompositealkalinity)
ISO 10523 Water Quality-Determination of pH
3 terms and definitions, symbols
3.1 Terms and definitions
The following terms and definitions apply to this document.
3.1.1
Water hardness
Characterize the content of alkaline earth salts in water (bicarbonate, sulfate, chloride, etc.).
3.1.2
Total hardness totalhardness
The total amount of calcium and magnesium ions in water.
3.1.3
Temporary hardness temporaryhardness
A part of the total hardness is equal to the content of bicarbonate.
3.1.4
Permanent hardness permanenthardness
The hardness of the total hardness and the temporary hardness is poor.
3.1.5
Alkalinity
Equivalent to the ability to neutralize an acid with an equal amount of carbonate or bicarbonate solution, ie equal to the stoichiometric sum of the alkaline species in the solution.
3.1.6
Conductivity conductivity
The ability of a solution to conduct electrical current, ie the stoichiometric sum of ions ionized in solution.
3.2 symbol
The following symbols apply to this document.
Symbol unit definition
A0 mmol/L initial alkalinity
Areq mmol/L target alkalinity
C0(Fe) mg/L initial iron content
Cmax(Fe) mg/L maximum iron content
C0(Cu) mg/L initial copper content
Cmax(Cu) mg/L maximum copper content
C0(Mn) mg/L initial manganese content
Cmax(Mn) mg/L maximum manganese content
C0(Cl-) mmol/L initial chloride ion content
Cmax(Cl-) mmol/L maximum chloride ion content
Cond0 μS/cm initial conductivity
Condreq μS/cm target conductivity
Dil - dilution factor
Dilmin - the smallest dilution factor that enables the prepared standard water to meet the requirements
Dilmin(h,A,cond) - enables the preparation of standard water to meet the requirements of total hardness, alkalinity and conductivity
Small dilution factor
Dilmin (Fe) - the minimum dilution factor that enables the prepared standard water to meet the maximum iron content requirements
Dilmin (Cu) - the minimum dilution factor that enables the prepared standard water to meet the maximum copper content requirements
Dilmin (Mn) - the minimum dilution factor that enables the prepared standard water to meet the maximum manganese content requirements
Dilmin(Cl-) - the minimum dilution factor that enables the prepared standard water to meet the maximum chlorine content requirements
kA - alkalinity constant
kH - hardness constant
H0 mmol/L initial total hardness
Hreq mmol/L target total hardness
AdditionA mL The amount of solution required to achieve the required alkalinity
AdditionH mL The amount of solution required to achieve the required total hardness
Additioncond mL The amount of solution required to achieve the required conductivity
4 Measurement and accuracy
According to the requirements of this standard, the measurement shall comply with the requirements of Table 1.
Table 1 Measurement regulations
Parameter unit minimum precision additional requirements and precautions
Total hardness mmol/L ±2% See ISO 6059 regulations
Table 1 (continued)
Parameter unit minimum precision additional requirements and precautions
Alkalinity mmol/L ±5%
The ion concentration of HCO3- was measured. If the pH of the end point of hydrochloric acid titration is 4.5, then dissolve
The chemical coefficient of the liquid is 1.
See the relevant provisions of ISO 9963-1
Conductivity μS/cm
±5%
20 ° C
See the relevant provisions of ISO 7888
pH - ±0.05 should achieve the required accuracy in the temperature range of 15 ° C ~ 25 ° C
Iron, copper, manganese or chlorine content - - These parameters are the maximum content requirements. The measurement accuracy should be sufficient to prove that it meets the requirements
5 standard water
5.1 Classification of water
Table 2 lists the different types of water classified according to the total hardness level and their specific total hardness, alkalinity, conductivity and pH.
Levels are specified.
Table 2 Composition of soft, medium hard, hard and hard water
Attribute unit
Type of water
Standard soft water standard hard water standard hard water standard hard water
total hardness
Mmmol/L
(Ca2 /Mg2)
0.50±0.20 1.50±0.20 2.50±0.20 3.50±0.20
Alkalinity
Mmmol/L
(HCO3-)
0.67±0.20 2.00±0.20 3.35±0.20 4.70±0.20
Conductivity (20 ° C) μS/cm 150 ± 50 450 ± 100 750 ± 150 1050 ± 250
pH (20 ° C) - 8.0 ~ 8.5 7.5 ~ 7.9 7.3 ~ 7.7 -
Other test methods or standards that refer to the type of water specified in this standard may need to meet all or part of the selected in Table 2.
Attributes.
Note. With the definition of four types of water, one or more standard waters close to local tap water can be selected. If you need any other hardness, you can pass
Prepared by a similar method of interpolating water of a given size.
5.2 Additional requirements
Other test methods or standards that refer to the type of water specified in this standard may be required to meet any or all of the requirements in Table 3.
Table 3 Maximum content of heavy metal ions and chloride ions
Attribute unit
Type of water
Standard soft water standard hard water standard hard water standard hard water
Cmax(Fe) mg/L 0.1
Table 3 (continued)
Attribute unit
Type of water
Standard soft water standard hard water standard hard water standard hard water
Cmax(Cu) mg/L 0.05
Cmax(Mn) mg/L 0.05
Cmax(Cl-) mmol/L 4.5 Not applicable
Note. If water is used for cleaning purposes, iron, copper and manganese will affect the bleaching performance. The dishwasher test is correlated with chloride ion content. Standard
Hard water does not meet the chloride ion content requirements.
6 Preparation of standard water
6.1 Softening of tap water
The softened tap water should have a specific impedance of 100,000 Ω·cm or more (its conductivity does not exceed 10 μS/cm). This kind
Water quality can be obtained by using an anion-cation exchange resin column or a reverse osmosis device.
If the ion exchange resin is new, the water prepared initially for the first or second time should not be used, which is not suitable for the preparation after regeneration in the normal process.
6.2 Standard Water Preparation Method B
6.2.1 Principles
Salt is added to the demineralized water to achieve the specified properties.
6.2.2 Procedure
Prepare the following solvents.
Solvent 1 NaHCO3 67.2g/L (800mmol/L)
Solvent 2 MgSO4·7H2O 38.0 g/L (154.2 mmol/L)
Solvent 3 CaCl2·2H2O 65.6g/L (446.1mmol/L)
The above three solvents were added to 0.7 L of demineralized water in the amounts specified in Table 4, and water was added to 1.0 L to prepare three different hardness standards.
Quasi-hard water. If it is to be prepared in large quantities, it can be done by automatic preparation. Add HCl or NaOH before use to bring the pH to the range of Table 2.
within.
Table 4 Amount of solvent required to prepare 1 L of standard water
Solvent
Type of water
Standard soft water standard hard water standard hard water standard hard water
Solvent 1
(NaHCO3)
0.83mL 2.50mL 4.17mL 5.84mL
Solvent 2
(MgSO4·7H2O)
0.83mL 2.50mL 4.17mL 5.84mL
Solvent 3
(CaCl2·2H2O)
0.83mL 2.50mL 4.17mL 5.84mL
6.2.3 Method B Preparation of standard water components
The temporary hardness of water consists of calcium bicarbonate [Ca(HCO3)2] and magnesium bicarbonate [Mg(HCO3)2]. The permanent hardness component is chlorinated
Calcium (CaCl2), calcium sulfate (CaSO4), magnesium chloride (MgCl2) and magnesium sulfate (MgSO4). The composition of the standard water prepared by Method B is shown in Table 5.
Table 5 Preparation of standard water ingredients using Method B
Ion molar mass
Type of water
Standard soft water standard hard water standard hard water standard hard water
Ion concentration/(mmol/L)
Ca2
Mg2
HCO3-
Cl-
SO42-
Na
40.0
24.3
61.0
35.5
96.0
23.0
0.37
0.13
0.67
0.75
0.13
0.67
1.11
0.39
2.00
2.23
0.39
2.00
1.85
0.65
3.35
3.75
0.65
3.35
2.59
0.91
4.68
5.23
0.91
4.68
Temporary hardness/(mmol/L) 0.33 1.00 1.67 2.34
6.3 Water preparation methods C1 and C2
6.3.1 Principles
Methods C1 and C2 can be used to prepare standard water of a specific total hardness using tap water. These two methods do not adjust the alkalinity and conductivity.
6.3.2 Method C1 and C2 for the preparation of standard water components
If the test method or standard referring to the type of water specified in this standard is also required to meet any or all of the requirements in Table 3 (heavy metals)
Or the maximum content of chloride ions), the corresponding properties of tap water should be analyzed. If the iron, copper, manganese or chloride ion content exceeds the limits specified in 5.2,
It can be diluted with demineralized water.
There is no difference between temporary hardness and permanent hardness. The ratio of Ca2 to Mg2 should be 1.5~9.
The hardness of the calcium and magnesium ions in the tap water is obtained. If the ratio of calcium to magnesium is outside the limits, then by dissolving one
Some negligible ions are used to adjust, such as CaCl2·2H2O or MgSO4·7H2O.
6.3.3 Hardness adjustment method C1
When the total hardness of tap water is higher than the required hardness, use method C1 to adjust. Dilute with cation exchange resin or with demineralized water,
The tap water softens and replaces calcium and magnesium ions with sodium ions. If the pH is too low, some CO2 should be removed by foaming.
6.3.4 Hardness adjustment method C2
If the tap water is too soft, use this method. Mix tap water with calcium and magnesium salts to obtain the required hardness.
6.4 Water preparation method C3
6.4.1 Principles
Method C3 can use tap water to prepare standard water of specific total hardness, alkalinity and conductivity.
6.4.2 Determination of initial properties of water
The total hardness h0, alkalinity A0 and conductivity cond0 of the tap water were analyzed.
If the test method or standard referring to the type of water specified in this standard is also required to meet any or all of the requirements in Table 3 (heavy metals)
The maximum content of ions or chloride ions should be specifically analyzed for the corresponding properties of tap water.
C0(Fe), c0(Cu), c0(Mn), c0(Cl-)
6.4.3 Dilution of softened water
6.4.3.1 Determination of the dilution factor
According to the measured initial total hardness h0, alkalinity A0 and conductivity cond0 and their target values, the minimum dilution factor can be calculated by the following formula
Subdilmin (h, A, cond).
Dilmin(h,A,cond)=
Cond0-kAA0-kHh0
condreq-kAAreq-kHhreq
Among them, the constants kA and kH are.
kA=100μ
S/cm
Mmmol/L kH=224
μS/cm
Mmmol/L
As long as the value of the salt added calculated according to 6.4.4 is greater than or equal to 0 mL, the specific hardness, alkalinity and conductivity can be obtained.
Other dilution factors are dilmin (h, A, cond).
If the test method or standard referring to the type of water specified in this standard is also required to meet any or all of the requirements in Table 3 (heavy metals)
Or the maximum content of chloride ions), the corresponding minimum dilution factors are.
Dilmin(Fe)=
C0(Fe)
Cmax(Fe)
Dilmin(Cu)=
C0(Cu)
Cmax(Cu)
Dilmin(Mn)=
C0(Mn)
Cmax(Mn)
Dilmin(Cl-)=
C0(Cl-)
Cmax(Cl-)
The minimum dilution factor required for the population is the maximum of the minimum dilution factors obtained above.
Dilmin=maxdilmin(h,A,cond);dilmin(Fe);dilmin(Cu);dilmin(Mn);dilmin(Cl-){ }
According to the calculation results, two cases can be obtained.
Dilmin>1 should dilute the softened water. At this time, the minimum dilution factor is the calculated dilmin value.
Dilmin ≤ 1 No dilution required. The minimum dilution factor is equal to 1
The established minimum dilution factor, dilmin, represents the minimum dilution that enables the prepared water to meet all requirements. Based on the present
Real reasons, such as testing with an integer dilution factor, may also choose any dilution factor greater than dilmin. In the following
The calculation formulas in the preparation steps are based on the actual selected dilution factor.
Dil≥dilmin
6.4.3.2 Dilution
The tap water is diluted with demineralized water to achieve the selected dilution factor dil.
6.4.4 Determination of the required amount of salt added
6.4.4.1 Overview
The alkalinity, total hardness and electrical conductivity are adjusted with a high concentration of salt solution. Add salt to adjust the corresponding parameters. Add water to dissolve the salt, indicating thin
release. However, when the resulting dilution factor is very close to 1 (because it is a high concentration solution), it is negligible.
6.4.4.2 Adjusting alkalinity
To adjust the alkalinity, a solution of 800 mmol/L (67.2 g/L) of sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO3) should be added to the demineralized water.
The amount of solution added per liter of water is.
additionA=
Areq-
A0
Dil
0.8mmol/mL
Note. The calculated solution amount may also be 0 mL/L depending on the initial alkalinity, the target alkalinity, and the selected dilution factor.
6.4.4.3 Adjusting the total hardness
To adjust the total hardness, it should be added with a concentration of 446.1mmol/L (65.6g/L) of calcium chloride dihydrate (CaCl2 · 2H2O) solution
Soften the water.
The amount of solution added per liter of water is.
additionH=
Hreq-
H0
Dil
0.4461mmol/mL
Note. The calculated solution amount may also be 0 mL/L based on the initial total hardness, the target total hardness, and the selected dilution factor.
6.4.4.4 Adjusting the conductivity
If the conductivity is to be adjusted, sodium chloride (NaCl) and 500mmol/L (71.02g/L) should be used at a concentration of 500mmol/L (29.22g/L).
The sodium sulfate (Na2SO4) solution was added to the demineralized water.
The amount of solution added per liter of water is.
Additioncond=
(condreq-kAAreq-kHhreq)-
(cond0-kAA0-kHh0)
Dil
120μS/cm
(mL/L)
Note. The calculated amount of solution may also be 0 mL/L based on initial conductivity, target conductivity, and selected dilution factor.
6.4.4.5 Adjust pH
The pH was adjusted to the range specified in Table 2 with hydrochloric acid (HCl) or sodium hydroxide (NaOH) before use.
7 Standard water storage
7.1 Overview
A more reasonable storage method for standard water is to place it in a closed water tank that discharges air and protects against light to prevent CO2 loss and prevent contamination.
Dyed and organic matter grows. If the tank is kept closed, the storage period is 1 month, but if the tank is open, the storage period is about 1 day.
7.2 Effect of heat on standard water
When the standard hard water is heated from 20 ° C to 90 ° C, crystallization starts at about 85 ° C depending on the heating rate. If held at a lower temperature
Continued heating, may also crystallize. At 60 ° C, crystallites will form, and below 40 ° C will form crystalline calcite.
Note. The crystal stone is bulky, needle-like, and can quickly block small openings. Crystalline calcite is small in size but hard in texture.
8 inspection
Check all parameters of the water before use.
Appendix A
(informative appendix)
Water hardness conversion table
A.1 Water hardness related units
1mmol/L=2.0 milligrams (grams) equivalent = 2mval/L
1mmol/L=100ppm CaCO3
10mmol of 1mmol/L = 100,000
1mmol/L=10 French degrees (°f)
1mmol/L=7.0 UK degrees (°e)
1mmol/L = 5.6 German degrees (°dH)
1mmol/L = 5.8 US grains/gallon (gpg)
A.2 converted to different hardness
Table A.1 is the conversion of French, British, German, American, and gallons to the hardness values used in this standard.
Table A.1 Water hardness unit conversion table
total hardness
Mmmol/L
France, the United Kingdom, Germany, the United States, Garding/Gallon
0.50 5 3.5 2.8 2.9
1.50 15 10.5 8.4 8.8
2.50 25 17.5 14.0 14.6
3.50 35 24.5 19.6 20.5
......
Source: Above contents are excerpted from the PDF -- translated/reviewed by: www.chinesestandard.net / Wayne Zheng et al.
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