GB/T 231.1-2009 (GB/T 231.1-2018 Newer Version) PDF English
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Metallic materials -- Brinell hardness test -- Part 1: Test method
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Metallic materials--Brinell hardness test
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GB/T 231.1-2009: PDF in English (GBT 231.1-2009) GB/T 231.1-2009
GB
NATIONAL STANDARD OF
THE PEOPLE’S REPUBLIC OF CHINA
ICS 77.040.10
H 22
Replacing GB/T 231.1-2002
Metallic materials - Brinell hardness test -
Part 1. Test method
(ISO 6506-1.2005, MOD)
ISSUED ON. JUNE 25, 2009
IMPLEMENTED ON. APRIL 1, 2010
Issued by. General Administration of Quality Supervision, Inspection and
Quarantine;
Standardization Administration Committee.
Table of Contents
Foreword ... 3
Introduction ... 5
1 Scope ... 6
2 Normative references ... 6
3 Principle... 6
4 Symbols and explanations... 7
5 Test method ... 8
6 Test specimen ... 8
7 Test procedures ... 9
8 Uncertainty of results ... 12
9 Test report ... 12
Annex A ... 13
Annex B ... 14
Annex C ... 16
Foreword
GB/T 231 Metallic materials - Brinell hardness test consists of the following four
parts.
- Part 1. Test method;
- Part 2. Verification and calibration of testing machines;
- Part 3. Calibration of hardness reference blocks;
- Part 4. Tables of hardness values.
This Part is the first part of GB/T 231.
This Part’s modification adopts the International standard ISO 6506-1.2005
Metallic materials -- Brinell hardness test -- Part 1. Test method (English
version).
This Part was drafted in accordance with ISO 6506-1.2005. Based on China's
actual situation, this Part modified and supplemented during the use of the
International standard. These technical differences were marked by vertical
single line in the margins of the terms to which they relate.
This Part is basically same with ISO 6506-1.2005 in structure and technical
content. Based on China's actual situation, this Part made modifications in the
following aspects.
- deleted the foreword of the International standard;
- replaced “this International Standard” by “this Standard”;
- used decimal point “.” to replace “,” which was used as decimal point;
- deleted ISO 4498-1 from normative references;
- added suggestion on surface roughness of specimen in sub-clause 6.1 of
Clause 6;
- modified uncertainty in measurement of hardness values in Annex C of
ISO 6506-1.2005.
This Part replaces GB/T 231.1-2002 Metallic materials -- Brinell hardness test
-- Part 1. Test method. Compared with GB/T 231.1-2002, this Part made the
following modifications.
- added the foreword;
Metallic materials - Brinell hardness test -
Part 1. Test method
1 Scope
This Part of GB/T 231 specifies metallic Brinell hardness test’s principle,
symbols and explanations, test equipment, test specimen, test procedures, test
results uncertainty and test report.
The upper limit of the Brinell hardness test range specified in this Part is 650
HBW.
Brinell hardness test of special materials or products shall be specified in
relevant standards.
2 Normative references
The following standards contain the provisions which, through reference in this
Part of GB/T 231, constitute the provisions of this Part. For dated references,
subsequent amendments (excluding corrections) or revisions do not apply to
this Part. However, the parties who enter into agreement based on this Part are
encouraged to investigate whether the latest versions of these documents are
applicable. For undated reference documents, the latest versions apply to this
Part.
GB/T 231.2 Metallic Brinell hardness test - Part 2. Verification and
calibration of hardness testers (GB/T 231.2-2002, ISO 6506-2.1999, MOD);
GB/T 231.3 Metallic Brinell hardness test - Part 3. Calibration of hardness
reference blocks (GB/T 231.3-2002, ISO 6506-3.1999, MOD);
GB/T 231.4 Metallic materials - Brinell hardness test - Part 4. Tables of
hardness values (GB/T 231.4-2009, ISO 6506-4.2005, MOD)
JJF 1059 Evaluation and Expression of Uncertainty in Measurement
3 Principle
Apply the test force to a carbide ball of a certain diameter into specimen surface.
After the prescribed holding time, remove the test force, measuring the
diameter of specimen surface indentation (see Figure 1).
- the average of multiple measurements at equal intervals;
- the numerical value of the surface area of indentation.
7.9 GB/T 231.4 contains a calculation table of plane Brinell hardness value
used to determine the hardness of the plane specimen.
8 Uncertainty of results
If necessary, a complete assessment of the uncertainty should be based on the
uncertainty of measurement guide JJF 1059.
For hardness test, there are two possible ways of assessing the measurement
uncertainty.
- Assessment of all the relevant uncertainty components present based on
the direct calibration.
- Indirect calibration based on standard hardness blocks (certified
reference material); refer to Appendix C for guidance on measurement.
9 Test report
The test report should contain the following information.
a) reference to this Part of GB/T 231;
b) a detailed description of specimen;
c) if the test temperature is not 10°C ~ 35°C, it should indicate the test
temperature;
d) test results;
e) operation not within the scope of this Part;
f) various details which affect the test results.
NOTE 1 There is no universally applicable precise method to convert the Brinell hardness
value to other hardness or tensile strength. These conversions should be avoided unless
the relevant conversion basis is obtained through a comparative test or as otherwise
specified in the product standard.
NOTE 2 It should pay attention to the anisotropy of material, e.g., after a large amount of
cold deformation, so that indentation diameter in different directions may have greater
differences. The product technical conditions should specify the limits of this difference.
C.4 Steps to calculate uncertainty. hardness measurement value
NOTE Certified Reference Material refers to the standard hardness block calibrated by
standard hardness tester.
C.4.1 Method of considering the maximum tolerance of hardness tester
(Method 1)
Method 1 is simple. It does not consider the system error of hardness tester,
i.e., a method based on the maximum tolerance of hardness tester.
Determine the extended uncertainty U (see Table C.1).
C.4.2 Method of considering the system error of hardness tester
(Method 2)
In addition to Method 1, it can select Method 2. Method 2 is about control flow
and it may obtain a smaller degree of uncertainty.
C.5 Representation of hardness measurement results
When representing measurement results, it should indicate the representation
method of uncertainty. Method 1 is often used to express the measurement
uncertainty (See Table C.1, 10th step).
Measurement
results.
Measurement
results.
Method 1
Method 2
Difference between hardness
tester calibration value and
hardness block standard value
b Step 3 and Step 5
Method 1
Method 2
Uncertainty brought by system
error of hardness tester ub Two-point distribution ub = 0.6
Method 1
Method 2
Evaluation of extended
uncertainty U
Step 1 ~ Step 7
K = 2
Method 1
Method 2
Measurement results X Step 1 ~ Step 10 (Method 1)
Method 1
Method 2
Evaluation of extended
uncertainty U
Step 1 ~ Step 5
Step 7 ~ Step 9
Method 1
Method 2
Measurement results X Step 1 and Step 12
(Method 2)
......
Source: Above contents are excerpted from the PDF -- translated/reviewed by: www.chinesestandard.net / Wayne Zheng et al.
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