GB/T 21296.1-2020 PDF in English
GB/T 21296.1-2020 (GB/T21296.1-2020, GBT 21296.1-2020, GBT21296.1-2020)
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Automatic instruments for weighing road vehicles in motion -- Part 1: General technical specification
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GB/T 21296.1-2020: PDF in English (GBT 21296.1-2020) GB/T 21296.1-2020
NATIONAL STANDARD OF THE
PEOPLE’S REPUBLIC OF CHINA
ICS 17.100
N 13
Replacing GB/T 21296-2007
Automatic Instruments for Weighing Road Vehicles in
Motion - Part 1: General Technical Specification
(OIML R134:2006, Automatic Instruments for Weighing Road Vehicles in Motion and
Measuring Axle Loads, NEQ)
ISSUED ON: NOVEMBER 19, 2020
IMPLEMENTED ON: JUNE 1, 2021
Issued by: State Administration for Market Regulation;
Standardization Administration of the People’s Republic of China.
Table of Contents
Foreword ... 5
1 Scope ... 7
2 Normative References ... 7
3 Terms and Definitions ... 8
3.1 General Definitions ... 8
3.2 Structure ... 10
3.3 Metrological Characteristics ... 13
3.4 Indications and Errors ... 18
3.5 Tests ... 20
3.6 Vehicles ... 20
3.7 Typical Products and Systems ... 21
3.8 Influence and Reference Conditions ... 23
4 Classification ... 23
4.1 Classification Rules ... 23
4.2 LS-WIM Weighing Instrument ... 24
4.3 MS-WIM Weighing Instrument ... 24
4.4 HS-WIM Weighing Instrument... 24
4.5 Types of WIM Weighing Instruments ... 24
4.6 Naming Rules of WIM Weighing Instruments ... 25
5 Measurement Requirements ... 25
5.1 Basic Accuracy Levels ... 25
5.2 Additional Accuracy Levels ... 26
5.3 Relations among Accuracy Levels ... 26
5.4 Maximum Tolerances for In-motion Test ... 27
5.5 Maximum Permissible Errors for Static Test ... 30
5.6 Scale Interval (d) ... 30
5.7 Minimum Capacity (Min) ... 32
5.8 Consistency between Indicating Devices and Printing Devices ... 32
5.9 Influence Quantities ... 32
5.10 Unit of Measurement Results ... 34
5.11 Scale Interval of Static Weighing ... 34
5.12 Operating Speed ... 34
6 General Technical Requirements ... 34
6.1 Applicability ... 34
6.2 Load Receptor ... 35
6.3 Operational Safety ... 35
6.4 Requirements for Electronic Weighing Instruments ... 36
6.5 Speed Measurement ... 36
6.6 Zero-setting Device ... 37
6.7 Data Output and Software ... 37
6.8 Lead Sealing or Print Sealing Device ... 40
7 Production and Installation Requirements ... 41
7.1 Overview ... 41
7.2 Load Receptor ... 41
7.3 Output Time of Weighing Results ... 42
7.4 Sensor Protection Degree ... 42
7.5 Prevention from Dust Accumulation ... 43
7.6 Water Drainage ... 43
7.7 Heating ... 43
8 General Requirements for Installation Conditions and Maintenance ... 43
8.1 General Requirements ... 43
8.2 Conditions of Installation Site ... 43
8.3 Equipment Maintenance and Management ... 47
9 WIM System Functions and Data Requirements ... 49
9.1 General Requirements ... 49
9.2 Requirements for Basic Functions ... 49
9.3 Requirements for Additional Functions ... 50
9.4 Storage, Processing and Transmission of WIM System Data ... 52
10 Test Methods ... 53
10.1 General Rules ... 53
10.2 Preparation before Test ... 53
10.3 Static Weighing Test ... 53
10.4 In-motion Weighing Test ... 54
11 Inspection Rules ... 62
11.1 Type Test ... 62
11.2 Exit-factory Inspection ... 62
11.3 Inspection of First Installation ... 63
11.4 In-use Inspection ... 63
12 Marking, Packaging, Transportation and Storage ... 63
12.1 Marking... 63
12.2 Packaging ... 65
12.3 Transportation ... 66
12.4 Storage ... 66
Appendix A (normative) Requirements and Test Methods of Electronic Weighing
Instruments ... 67
Appendix B (informative) Model Code ... 84
Appendix C (informative) Communication Protocol between Weighing Equipment and
On-site Acquisition Computer or Upper Computer ... 87
Appendix D (normative) Technical Requirements and Test Methods of Integrated
Control Instrument ... 96
Appendix E (normative) Requirements for Module Test ... 100
Bibliography ... 101
Automatic Instruments for Weighing Road Vehicles in
Motion - Part 1: General Technical Specification
1 Scope
This Part of GB/T 21296 specifies the terms and definitions, classification and naming,
measurement requirements, general technical requirements, production and installation
requirements, general requirements for installation conditions and maintenance, WIM system
functions and data requirements, test methods, inspection rules, as well as the requirements for
marking, packaging, transportation and storage of automatic instruments for weighing road
vehicles in motion (hereinafter referred to as: WIM weighing instruments).
This Part applies to the legally relevant applications and general applications of WIM weighing
instruments.
This Part applies to WIM weighing instruments or systems that are installed in the controlled
weighing area and adopt the principle of gravity to obtain the axle load (which can be directly
measured, or obtained by accumulating the separately measured wheel loads), axle-group load
and curb weight of road vehicles, regardless of the specific product structure and technical
implementation mode. WIM weighing instruments without the controlled weighing area may
take this Part as a reference.
This Part does not apply to weighing instruments or measuring systems, in which, there is no
relative movement of the load receptor or measuring device and the vehicle in the horizontal
driving direction during measurement, such as: static wheel load gauge and load measuring
device embedded in vehicle components, etc.
This Part does not apply to weighing instruments or measuring systems that cannot guarantee
that all tyres of the test vehicle and the upper surface of the load receptor are approximately on
the same plane during measurement (for example, products and systems that simply place the
load receptor on the road surface).
This Part does not apply to weighing instruments that merely measure the wheel load on one
side, and then, obtain the axle load, axle-group load and curb weight by multiplying.
2 Normative References
The following documents are indispensable to the application of this document. In terms of
references with a specified date, only versions with a specified date are applicable to this
document. In terms of references without a specified date, the latest version (including all the
modifications) is applicable to this document.
GB/T 191 Packaging - Pictorial Marking for Handling of Goods
GB/T 2423.3 Environmental Testing - Part 2: Testing Method - Test Cab: Damp Heat, Steady
State
GB/T 13384 General Specifications for Packing of Mechanical and Electrical Product
GB/T 14250 Terminology of Weighing Instruments
GB/T 17626.2 Electromagnetic Compatibility - Testing and Measurement Techniques -
Electrostatic Discharge Immunity Test
GB/T 17626.3 Electromagnetic Compatibility - Testing and Measurement Techniques -
Radiated, Radio-frequency, Electromagnetic Field Immunity Test
GB/T 17626.4 Electromagnetic Compatibility - Testing and Measurement Techniques -
Electrical Fast Transient / Burst Immunity Test
GB/T 17626.5 Electromagnetic Compatibility - Testing and Measurement Techniques - Surge
Immunity Test
GB/T 17626.6 Electromagnetic Compatibility - Testing and Measurement Techniques -
Immunity to Conducted Disturbances, Induced by Radio-frequency Fields
GB/T 17626.11 Electromagnetic Compatibility - Testing and Measurement Techniques -
Voltage Dips, Short Interruptions and Voltage Variations Immunity Tests
GB/T 26389 Method of Classified Type of Weighing Instrument Products
ISO 7637-2 Road Vehicles - Electrical Disturbances from Conduction and Coupling - Part 2:
Electrical Transient Conduction along Supply Lines Only
ISO 7637-3 Road Vehicles - Electrical Disturbances from Conduction and Coupling - Part 3:
Electrical Transient Transmission by Capacitive and Inductive Coupling via Lines other than
Supply Lines
3 Terms and Definitions
What is defined in GB/T 14250, and the following terms and definitions are applicable to this
document.
3.1 General Definitions
3.1.1 Weighing instrument
Weighing instrument refers to a measuring equipment that determines the mass of an object by
the force of gravity acting on the object.
NOTE 1: the “mass” (or “weight value”) in this Part has a more relevant meaning of “conventional
mass” or “conventional value of the weighing result in air”, while “weight” is more of
5.9.1.1 Temperature limits
Within the temperature range of -10 C ~ + 40 C, the weighing instrument shall satisfy the
corresponding metrological performance requirements and general technical requirements.
For weighing instruments with special purposes, the applicable temperature range may be
different from the above requirements. The condition is that the temperature range is not less
than 30 C, and shall be clearly marked in the explanatory marking.
5.9.1.2 Influence of temperature on no-load indication
When the ambient temperature changes by 5 C, the change of indication at or near the zero
point of the weighing instrument shall not exceed one scale interval.
5.9.2 Humidity
When the relative humidity does not exceed 85%, the WIM weighing instrument shall satisfy
the corresponding metrological performance requirements and general technical requirements.
5.9.3 Power supply
When the voltage of the power supply changes within the following ranges, the electronic
weighing instrument shall maintain the corresponding metrological performance requirements
and technical requirements:
a) Weighing instruments using alternating current power (AC): the voltage value is
between 0.85 times the lower limit of the nominal voltage and 1.1 times the upper
limit of the nominal voltage;
b) Weighing instruments using direct current online power (DC) (including rechargeable
batteries that can be fully charged when the weighing instruments are working): the
voltage value is within the range of 1.2 times the specified minimum voltage to the
nominal voltage (or the upper limit of the working voltage range);
c) Weighing instruments powered by batteries (including non-rechargeable batteries or
rechargeable batteries that cannot be charged online): the voltage value is within the
range of the specified minimum voltage to the nominal voltage (or the upper limit of
the working voltage range);
d) 12 V vehicle battery powered WIM weighing instruments: 9 V ~ 16 V;
e) 24 V vehicle battery powered WIM weighing instruments: 16 V ~ 32 V.
In this Part, the minimum voltage refers to the minimum voltage value, at which, the weighing
instruments can normally operate before automatic shutdown.
5.10 Unit of Measurement Results
The measurement results of the WIM weighing instruments of mass and load shall be expressed
in the unit of (kg) or (t).
5.11 Scale Interval of Static Weighing
As a WIM weighing instrument provides the static weighing mode, if its scale interval is not
equal to the dynamic scale interval (d), when the WIM weighing instrument is in the weighing-
in-motion state, it shall be able to automatically switch to the dynamic scale interval, so as to
ensure that the scale interval of static weighing is only applicable to static weighing. Even if
the WIM weighing instrument has a static weighing mode, the static weighing mode cannot be
easily accessed, unless manually operated by an authorized person.
5.12 Operating Speed
Within the nominal operating speed range of the weighing instrument, the WIM weighing
instrument shall maintain the corresponding metrological performance requirements and
technical requirements. When it exceeds the operating speed range, no data will be output, or a
warning sign of exceeding the speed range shall be attached in accordance with the
requirements of 9.3.8.
This operating speed range may be adjusted or determined in accordance with the test
conditions during the on-site weighing test.
6 General Technical Requirements
6.1 Applicability
The WIM weighing instrument shall be designed and manufactured to be applicable to various
intended vehicle weighing requirements on the site of application, for example, in structure and
size, it shall be applicable to the intended weighing vehicle. Meanwhile, the applicability of the
service environment and the general operation mode shall also be thoroughly considered.
Except for the purpose of control instrument, WIM weighing instruments shall not be required
to have the static weighing function.
Unless both dynamic and static type evaluations have been simultaneously carried out, WIM
weighing instruments shall not be marked with the static weighing function.
If the WIM weighing instrument is not applicable to liquid load vehicles, it shall be indicated
in a prominent position on the instruction manual and the designation.
When the WIM design is completed, conduct visual inspection on whether the above-mentioned
requirements are satisfied.
On the site of WIM system, driving signs shall be set up in a prominent position (easy to be
seen by the driver). The sign shall have the words “drive at a constant speed”. The minimum
operating speed range and the maximum operating speed range allowed by the WIM weighing
instrument or system shall also be indicated on the same sign. The ranges shall not exceed the
ranges permitted by the product’s type approval certificate, nor shall they exceed the
requirements of the traffic management department for the road section where the product is
installed and used.
6.6 Zero-setting Device
6.6.1 Accuracy of zero-setting device
The zero-setting device that the weighing instrument shall be equipped with can be a semi-
automatic zero-setting device or an automatic zero-setting device.
The zero-setting device shall be able to set the zero point within 0.25d; the adjustment range
of the zero-setting device shall be not greater than 4% of the maximum capacity (Max); the
adjustment range of the initial zero-setting device shall be not greater than 20% of the maximum
capacity (Max).
During automatic operation, the semi-automatic zero-setting device shall not operate.
Only when the weighing instrument is balanced and stabilized can the automatic zero-setting
device and the semi-automatic zero-setting device be operated.
After the design of the WIM weighing instrument is completed, in accordance with the method
of 10.3, the zero-setting device shall be tested and verified.
6.6.2 Zero-tracking device
The zero-tracking device can only be operated under the following conditions:
a) The indication is zero;
b) The weighing instrument is in a balanced and stabilized state;
c) The correction within 1 s shall be not greater than 0.5d;
d) The actual zero-point is approximately within 4% Max.
For WIM weighing instruments with the zero-tracking device, the corresponding weights shall
be loaded on the load receptor, then, the primary indications shall be observed for verification.
They may also be verified by applying simulated loads, and then, observing the primary
indications.
6.7 Data Output and Software
6.7.1 Quality of readings
The weighing indicating device of WIM weighing instrument shall be able to indicate the
weighing result by itself. The electronic weighing instrument shall be a digital indicator, whose
primary indications are generally composed of a name, a figure and a mass unit. The primary
indications shall satisfy the requirements for legibility in terms of size, shape and clarity. The
indicating device and printing device shall provide the indications in a simple and juxtaposed
mode.
6.7.2 Output information
For WIM weighing instruments equipped with the indicating or printing device, after each
normal weighing operation, the weighing instruments shall be able to indicate or print the
corresponding weighing result in accordance with the specified procedure; the indicated or
printed information shall not be less than the information required as follows:
a) For WIM weighing instruments that merely determined the gross vehicle mass, the
information that shall at least be indicated or printed includes: gross vehicle mass,
operating speed, date and time. If the associated warnings are not printed, the results
of uncertified single-axle load or axle-group load cannot be indicated or printed.
b) For WIM weighing instruments that need to provide the single-axle load, the
information that shall at least be indicated or printed includes: single-axle load, gross
vehicle mass, operating speed, date and time. For this type of weighing instruments,
it is unnecessary to print the type of axle-group.
c) For WIM weighing instruments that need to provide the axle-group load, the
information that shall at least be indicated or printed includes: single-axle load, axle-
group load, gross vehicle mass, operating speed, date and time. For this type of
weighing instruments, the type of axle-group shall be indicated or printed.
If WIM weighing instruments are equipped with the indicating or printing device, while
conducting the in-motion test in accordance with the method of 10.4, the relevant content shall
be indicated or printed to verify whether the indicating or printing device complies with the
requirements of this clause.
6.7.3 Indication range
Without clarified indications or printed warnings, the weighing instruments shall not indicate
or print the single-axle load, axle-group load (if applicable) and gross vehicle mass when the
single-axle load (during partial weighing) or curb weight (during full-draught weighing) is less
than the minimum capacity, or greater than the weighing result of the maximum capacity + 9d.
After the design of the WIM weighing instruments is completed, use a weight or load simulation
device to test the indication range of the WIM weighing instruments.
6.7.4 Accumulating device
The WIM weighing instruments shall be equipped with an accumulating device, which can
In accordance with the method of 10.4.4.7, conduct the in-motion test to verify whether the
WIM weighing instrument complies with the requirements of this clause.
6.7.8 Software
The legally relevant software used by the WIM weighing instruments shall satisfy the following
requirements:
a) Print-seal the legally relevant software and legally relevant parameters (including
type-specific parameters and device-specific parameters), so that the software cannot
be modified without breaking the seal; or any changes to the software shall be
automatically signaled by an identification code and easily detectable.
b) The software shall be given a fixed version No., which is stored in the data storage of
the legally relevant software, and can be invoked and indicated, so as to satisfy the
management requirements of the metrological department. If each software change
may affect the functions and accuracy of the weighing instrument, the version No. of
the software shall be changed.
After the installation of the WIM weighing instrument is completed, visually inspect the
software version No. and protection of the WIM weighing instrument to verify whether they
comply with the requirements of this clause.
6.8 Lead Sealing or Print Sealing Device
6.8.1 Overview
Devices that do not allow to be opened or adjusted by the user shall be lead sealed or print
sealed. During print sealing, the outer casing can be sealed, and other forms of sealing that can
provide sufficient integrity (for example, electronic print sealing) are also allowed.
Under all circumstances, lead sealing and print sealing shall be easily completed. Print sealing
shall be adopted on all parts that cannot be protected in any other mode that may affect the
measurement accuracy.
Any parameter device that can change the measurement results, especially recalibration device,
shall be lead sealed or print sealed.
6.8.2 Electronic print sealing device
When it is impossible to adopt mechanical lead sealing or print sealing devices to protect the
parameters that may affect the measurement results, an electronic print sealing device may be
adopted to implement the protection. The electronic print sealing device adopts the following
modes:
a) The legal status of the electronic print sealing device shall be identifiable by the user,
verification personnel and supervisory personnel;
b) Set access rights to allow only authorized persons (for example, verification personnel)
to access, for example, through passwords or special hardware devices (for example,
keys); the passwords shall be modifiable;
c) A record of at least the last modification shall be kept.
The record shall include the date and the operation mode of identifying modification by the
authorized person [see b) above]. If multiple revisions can be stored, the oldest record can only
be deleted before a new revision is made. If there is no further rewriting of the last revision, the
traceability of the revised information shall be maintained for at least two years.
After the installation of the WIM weighing instrument is completed, visually inspect the lead
sealing or print sealing of the WIM weighing instrument to verify whether it complies with the
requirements of this clause.
7 Production and Installation Requirements
7.1 Overview
The performance of WIM weighing instruments is closely related to the manufacturer’s design,
manufacturing level and on-site installation of the equipment.
7.2 Load Receptor
7.2.1 Sturdy construction
When the axle-load close to the maximum capacity or the curb weight is applied to the load
receptor of the WIM weighing instrument and any part thereof, no permanent deformation shall
be generated; the influence of the deformation of the load receptor on the weighing result may
be ignored.
7.2.2 Surface treatment
For any component of the load receptor exposed to the air, if it is easy to rust, it shall be treated
with anti-corrosion.
7.2.3 Anti-skid and wear-resistant
When the length of the load receptor along the driving direction exceeds 2 m, necessary
additional anti-skid measures shall be taken on the upper surface of the load receptor to ensure
that the vehicle is within the speed control range of the installation site and safe to drive under
various weather conditions. In addition, it shall be ensured that the weighing performance of
the WIM weighing instrument complies with the requirements of this Part within the operating
speed range.
The upper surface of the load receptor shall be able to withstand repeated rolling by the vehicle
tyres for the corresponding sites and purposes of application. When the wear consumption depth
7.5 Prevention from Dust Accumulation
Appropriate protective measures shall be taken for the gap between the weighing instrument
and the ground to prevent dust, sand and gravel from entering the inside of the load receptor or
the foundation pit, and affecting the normal operation of the WIM weighing instrument.
7.6 Water Drainage
If the load receptor of the weighing instrument is installed in a foundation pit, a water drainage
system shall be provided to prevent any component of the weighing instrument from being
submerged by water or other liquids for a prolonged period of time.
7.7 Heating
If the load cell of the weighing instrument is installed in an environment where the temperature
may be lower than -10 C, appropriate heating measures shall be taken to ensure the normal
operation of the load cell.
8 General Requirements for Installation Conditions and
Maintenance
8.1 General Requirements
In order to thoroughly exert the performance of the WIM weighing instruments, the user shall
provide appropriate instrument installation and equipment operating conditions, and thoroughly
and continuously maintain them in accordance with the requirements of the WIM weighing
instrument manufacturer. The user shall realize that the implementation of the performance of
the WIM system depends not only on the weighing instrument itself, but also on the
environmental conditions where the weighing instrument is installed and its application and
maintenance level. The performance required by the user shall be well-matched with the
environmental conditions of the site installation. If limited by objective conditions, and the
environmental conditions of installation cannot reach the requirements, the WIM weighing
instruments shall be downgraded for application.
8.2 Conditions of Installation Site
8.2.1 Requirements for driving safety and construction
The installation site of the WIM weighing instruments shall be able to ensure the driving safety
of the vehicle under test and satisfy the construction requirements of the corresponding
controlled weighing area.
8.2.2 Principles of installation site selection
The installation site of all types of WIM weighing instruments shall comply with the following
principles:
......
Source: Above contents are excerpted from the PDF -- translated/reviewed by: www.chinesestandard.net / Wayne Zheng et al.
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