GB/T 20042.6-2024 PDF English
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Proton exchange membrane fuel cell -- Part 6: Test method of bipolar plate properties
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GB/T 20042.6-2024: PDF in English (GBT 20042.6-2024) GB/T 20042.6-2024
GB
NATIONAL STANDARD OF THE
PEOPLE’S REPUBLIC OF CHINA
ICS 27.070
CCS K 82
Replacing GB/T 20042.6-2011
Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell – Part 6.Test Method
of Bipolar Plate Properties
ISSUED ON. MARCH 15, 2024
IMPLEMENTED ON. OCTOBER 1, 2024
Issued by. State Administration for Market Regulation;
Standardization Administration of the People’s Republic of China.
Table of Contents
Foreword... 3
Introduction... 6
1 Scope... 7
2 Normative References... 7
3 Terms and Definitions... 8
4 Flexural Strength Test of Bipolar Plate Materials... 9
5 Density Test of Bipolar Plate Materials... 11
6 Resistance Test of Bipolar Plate Material... 12
7 Corrosion Current Density Test of Bipolar Plate Materials... 16
8 Area Utilization Rate Test of Bipolar Plate Component... 20
9 Thickness Uniformity Test of Bipolar Plate Component... 21
10 Groove Depth Uniformity Test of Bipolar Plate Component... 24
11 Flatness Test of Bipolar Plate Components... 26
12 Relative Flatness Test of Bipolar Plate Component... 27
13 Contact Resistance Test of Bipolar Plate Component... 29
14 Air Tightness Test of Bipolar Plate Component... 29
15 Water Contact Angle Test of Bipolar Plate Component... 33
16 Coating Thickness Test of Bipolar Plate Component... 34
17 Coating Bonding Strength Test of Bipolar Plate Component... 35
18 Corrosion Current Density Test of Bipolar Plate Component... 36
19 Specific Heat Capacity Test of Bipolar Plate Component... 37
20 Thermal Conductivity Test of Bipolar Plate Component... 38
21 Precipitation Ion Composition and Concentration Test for Bipolar Plate Component
... 39
22 Applicability of Test Indicators, Test Preparation and Test Report... 41
Appendix A (Normative) Applicability of Test Indicators... 42
Appendix B (Informative) Test Preparation... 43
Appendix C (Informative) Test Report... 44
Bibliography... 47
Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell – Part 6.Test Method
of Bipolar Plate Properties
1 Scope
This Document specifies the test methods for the flexural strength, density, resistance and
corrosion current density, etc. of bipolar plate materials for proton exchange membrane fuel
cells; and the test methods for the area utilization, thickness uniformity, groove depth uniformity,
flatness, relative flatness, contact resistance, air tightness, etc. of bipolar plate components.
This Document is applicable to various types of bipolar plate materials and components for
proton exchange membrane fuel cells.
NOTE. The definitions of bipolar plate materials and bipolar plate components are as follows.
a) Bipolar plate material. Plate material in the same state as the finished bipolar plate material;
b) Bipolar plate component. Finished bipolar plate in the same state as the used state.
2 Normative References
The provisions in following documents become the essential provisions of this Document
through reference in this Document. For the dated documents, only the versions with the dates
indicated are applicable to this Document; for the undated documents, only the latest version
(including all the amendments) is applicable to this Document.
GB/T 230.2 Metallic materials – Rockwell hardness test – Part 2.Verification and
calibration of testing machines and indenters
GB/T 1958 Geometrical product Specifications (GPS) - Geometrical tolerance -
Verification prescription
GB/T 4472-2011 Determination of density and relative density for chemical products
GB/T 13465.2 Test method of impermeable graphite materials - Part 2.Flexure strength
GB/T 19466.4-2016 Plastics - Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) - Part 4.
Determination of specific heat capacity
GB/T 20042.1-2017 Proton exchange membrane fuel cell - Part 1.Terminology
Take 3 valid samples as a group; calculate the average value as the test result, and retain two
digits after the decimal point.
6 Resistance Test of Bipolar Plate Material
6.1 Test instrument
The test instrument includes the following equipment and tools.
--- Four-probe low resistance measuring instrument. accuracy is 0.1mΩ·cm;
--- Thickness gauge. accuracy is 1μm, used to measure the thickness of the sample;
--- Low resistance measuring instrument. DC mode, accuracy is 0.01mΩ; the pressure
device accuracy meets the requirements of Level-0.5.
6.2 Preparation of sample
6.2.1 The sample shape is square (5cm×5cm) and the area is 25cm2; the sample shape and size
can also be negotiated by the test parties.
6.2.2 The number of samples is 5 (ensure 3 valid values to be obtained); and there shall be no
wrinkles, scratches or damage.
6.2.3 For samples from different batches, they should be sampled separately.
6.3 Test methods
6.3.1 In-plane resistivity test
6.3.1.1 The zero point of the tester shall be calibrated before each test. The influence of sample
deformation, dust on the sample surface and other factors shall be avoided during the test.
6.3.1.2 Use a four-probe low-resistance meter to test at least 5 locations near the edge and center
of the sample; and record the in-plane resistivity values of different locations.
6.3.2 Through-plane resistivity test
6.3.2.1 Use a low-resistance meter to test the resistance value; and the test electrode is a gold-
plated copper electrode. The connection method between the gold-plated copper electrode and
the wire is determined by negotiation between the two test parties to minimize the influence of
the low-resistance meter on the test results.
6.3.2.2 Use a thickness gauge to measure the sample thickness; and the measurement positions
shall be no less than 3.
6.3.2.3 Install the sample on the test device as shown in Figure 1.During the test, place
5cm×5cm carbon paper on both sides of the sample as a support to further improve the contact
condition. During the test, record a resistance value for every 0.1MPa increase in pressure until
the change rate of the current resistance test value relative to the previous resistance test value
is ≤5%, then it is considered that the minimum resistance value has been reached and the test
is stopped. The resistance value under different pressures is recorded as Rm.
6.3.2.4 Use new carbon paper of the same specification for each test, and the carbon paper
manufacturer and model shall be indicated in the test report.
NOTE. The test current density is 40mA/cm2 or determined by negotiation between the two test parties.
The test pressure range is generally 0.1MPa~2.0MPa; and the resistance value at a pressure of 1.5MPa
is selected, or it is determined by negotiation between the two test parties.
6.3.3 Contact resistance test
6.3.3.1 Use a low resistance meter to test the resistance value; and the test electrode is a gold-
plated copper electrode. The connection method between the gold-plated copper electrode and
the wire is determined by negotiation between the two test parties to minimize the impact of
the low resistance meter on the test results.
6.3.3.2 Install the sample on the test device as shown in Figure 1.During the test, place
5cm×5cm carbon paper on both sides of the sample as a support to further improve the contact
condition. During the test, record a resistance value for each 0.1MPa increase in pressure until
the change rate of the current resistance test value relative to the previous resistance test value
is ≤5%; then it is considered that the minimum resistance value is reached and the test is stopped.
The resistance value under different pressures is recorded as R1.
6.3.3.3 In the same way, place a 5cm×5cm carbon paper between the two gold-plated copper
electrodes; test according to the method described in 6.3.3.2; and record the resistance value R2
under different pressures.
6.3.3.4 Use new carbon paper of the same specification for each test; and the carbon paper
manufacturer and model shall be indicated in the test report.
NOTE. The test current density is 40mA/cm2, or determined by negotiation between the two test parties.
The test pressure range is generally 0.1 MPa~2.0 MPa; and the resistance value at a pressure of 1.5MPa
is selected, or determined by negotiation between the two test parties.
NOTE. The thickness of the samples for the two tests satisfies. ̅1=(1.5~2.0)̅2, or is determined by
negotiation between the two test parties.
6.4.3 The contact resistance of the sample is calculated according to Formula (5).
Where.
R – the contact resistance between sample and carbon paper, in mΩ·cm2;
R1 - the sum of the body resistance of the sample, the body resistance of the two carbon papers,
the contact resistance between the two samples and the carbon papers, the body resistance of
the two copper electrodes and the contact resistance between the two carbon papers and the
copper electrodes, in mΩ;
R2 - the sum of the body resistance of the two copper electrodes, the body resistance of the
carbon paper and the contact resistance between the carbon paper and the two copper electrodes,
in mΩ;
RBP - the through-plane resistance of the sample, in mΩ;
RCP - the through-plane resistance of the carbon paper, in mΩ;
S - the contact area between the sample and the carbon paper, in cm2.
NOTE. The through-plane resistance of the sample and the through-plane resistance of the carbon paper
are relatively small compared with R1, so they are ignored.
Take 3 valid samples as a group; calculate the average value as the test result, and retain two
digits after the decimal point.
7 Corrosion Current Density Test of Bipolar Plate Materials
7.1 Test instrument
The test instrument includes the following equipment and tools.
--- Electrochemical constant potential tester;
--- Electrochemical test cell. The test cell has a capacity of at least 300mL and is used to
hold electrolyte solution. The material is corrosion-resistant materials such as glass or
plastic.
NOTE. The test cell is shown in Figure 2.The capacity of the electrolyte solution is two-thirds of the
capacity of the test cell. An opening a is left on the side of the test cell. During the test, the sample is
c - installation port of inlet pipe;
d - installation port of outlet pipe;
e - installation port of auxiliary electrode;
f - installation port of solution replacement and temperature control device.
Figure 2 -- Schematic diagram of the test cell
7.2 Preparation of sample
7.2.1 Cut the test material of a certain size as the sample, and ensure that the effective area of
the sample is at least 1cm2.
7.2.2 Clean the sample surface with ethanol or other solvents; and dry it in a nitrogen
environment at 80℃ for 10min.
7.2.3 Seal the sample according to the opening shape on the side of the electrolytic cell to ensure
that there is no leakage during the test.
7.2.4 The number of samples is 5 (ensure 3 valid values to be obtained); and there shall be no
wrinkles, scratches or damage.
7.2.5 For samples from different batches, they should be sampled separately.
7.3 Test methods
7.3.1 Open circuit potential test
7.3.1.1 The sample is used as the working electrode; the saturated calomel electrode is used as
the reference electrode; and the platinum sheet or platinum mesh is used as the auxiliary
electrode for testing. The reference electrode type can also be determined by negotiation
between the two test parties.
7.3.1.2 Air or hydrogen is introduced into the H2SO4 electrolyte solution with a temperature of
80℃, a F- content of 0.1mg/L, and a pH of 3 at a flow rate of 20mL/min. After ventilation for
15min, the system can be stabilized and the test can be started.
NOTE. Use NaF, KF or HF containing F solution. The operation of related chemicals shall be carried out
in accordance with the requirements of the Regulations on the Safety Management of Hazardous
Chemicals. The requirements for F- below are the same as these requirements.
7.3.1.3 Open circuit potential test is carried out in simulated cathode and anode environments
respectively. The test lasts for at least 30min and the potential changes within 2min without
exceeding 5mV can be considered stable and the corrosion current density test can be started
then. This test needs to be performed once before the dynamic potential test and the constant
potential test.
7.3.2 Dynamic potential test
7.3.2.1 Test with the sample as the working electrode, the saturated calomel electrode as the
reference electrode, and the platinum sheet or platinum mesh as the auxiliary electrode. The
reference electrode type can also be determined by negotiation between the two test parties;
and the linear potential scanning range is converted accordingly according to the used reference
electrode type.
7.3.2.2 Air or hydrogen is introduced into the H2SO4 electrolyte solution with a temperature of
80℃, a F- content of 0.1mg/L, and a pH of 3 at a flow rate of 20mL/min to simulate the cathode
or anode environment of the fuel cell. After ventilation for 15 min, the system is stable and the
test can be started.
7.3.2.3 The sample is subjected to a linear potential scan at a scan rate of 2mV/s and a potential
scan range of -0.5V~1.4V (vs. SCE). The test data are recorded separately under different gas
environments.
7.3.2.4 Perform Tafel fitting on the measured linear potential scanning curve. The current
corresponding to the intersection of the Tafel straight line is the corrosion current of the sample.
7.3.3 Constant potential test
7.3.3.1 Test with the sample as the working electrode, the saturated calomel electrode as the
reference electrode, and the platinum sheet or platinum mesh as the auxiliary electrode. The
reference electrode type can also be determined by negotiation between the two test parties;
and the test potential is converted accordingly according to the used reference electrode type.
7.3.3.2 Air or hydrogen is introduced into the H2SO4 electrolyte solution with a temperature of
80℃, a F- content of 0.1mg/L, and a pH of 3 at a flow rate of 20mL/min to simulate the cathode
or anode environment of the fuel cell.
7.3.3.3 Apply 0.6V (vs. SCE) and -0.1V (vs. SCE) potentials to the samples in the simulated
cathode and anode environments, respectively; and maintain them for at least 4h; the actual
time can also be determined by negotiation between the two test parties.
7.3.3.4 Perform data processing on the measured polarization curve and select the average value
of the corrosion current in the last 5 mins of the curve as the stable corrosion current under
constant potential.
7.4 Data processing
The corrosion current density of the sample is calculated according to Formula (6).
Where.
U – area utilization rate of the sample;
S – flow filed part area of the sample, in cm2;
S0 – total area of the sample, in cm2.
Take 3 valid samples as a group; calculate the average value as the test result, and retain one
digit after the decimal point.
9 Thickness Uniformity Test of Bipolar Plate Component
9.1 Test instrument
The test instrument includes the following equipment and tools.
--- Thickness gauge. with an accuracy of 1μm, used to measure the thickness of the sample;
--- Ruler. with a graduation value of 1mm, used to determine the measurement position of
the sample.
9.2 Preparation of sample
9.2.1 The sample is a complete bipolar plate, with 5 samples (ensure 3 valid values to be
obtained); and shall be free of wrinkles, scratches and damage.
9.2.2 For samples from different batches, they shall be sampled separately.
9.3 Test methods
9.3.1 Test at 25℃±2℃.
9.3.2 The zero point of the thickness gauge shall be calibrated before each measurement; and
its zero point shall be rechecked after each sample measurement.
9.3.3 During the measurement, the measured area shall be suspended or a certain pressure shall
be applied to the measured area to avoid being affected by factors such as sample warping. The
specific method can be negotiated and decided by the two test parties.
9.3.4 When measuring, lower the measuring head of the thickness gauge gently to avoid
deformation and damage of the sample.
9.3.5 The schematic diagram of the measuring position of the sample sealing area is shown in
Figure 3.Select the measuring positions at the intersection of the symmetrical center line of the
length and width direction of the sample active area and the center line of the width direction
Take 3 valid samples as a group; calculate the average value as the test result, and keep three
digits after the decimal point.
10 Groove Depth Uniformity Test of Bipolar Plate
Component
10.1 Test instrument
The test instrument includes the following equipment and tools.
--- Contour measuring instrument. accuracy is 5μm;
--- Ruler. graduation value is 1mm, used to determine the measurement position of the
sample groove depth.
NOTE. All instruments and equipment that can achieve contour measurement are acceptable.
10.2 Preparation of sample
10.2.1 The sample is a complete bipolar plate; the number of samples is 5 (ensure 3 valid values
to be obtained); and there shall be no wrinkles, scratches or damage.
10.2.2 For samples from different batches, they should be sampled separately.
NOTE. If a complete bipolar plate cannot be provided, the depth test sample of cooling flow field channel
is replaced by the cathode plate and anode plate of the same batch.
10.3 Test methods
10.3.1 Test at 25℃±2℃.
10.3.2 The depth of the sealing groove of the cathode plate and anode plate of the sample in the
sealing area is tested respectively; and the schematic diagram of the measurement position is
shown in A1~A4 and B1~B6 in Figure 3.
10.3.3 The depth of the channel of the gas flow field and cooling flow field in the active area
of the cathode plate and anode plate of the sample is tested, respectively; and the schematic
diagram of the measurement position is shown in C1~C9 in Figure 3.
10.3.4 At the sample measurement position, use a profile measuring instrument to perform a
profile scan perpendicular to the center line of the groove top width direction of the sealing
groove or flow field channel to obtain the cross-sectional profile of the sealing groove or flow
field channel. For sealing grooves or flow field channels with equal groove edges on both sides,
the groove edges on both sides are used as the reference plane. For sealing grooves or flow field
channels with unequal groove edges on both sides, the higher groove edge is used as the
Take 3 valid samples as a group; calculate the average value as the test result, and retain two
digits after the decimal point.
13 Contact Resistance Test of Bipolar Plate Component
13.1 Test instrument
The test instrument includes the following equipment and tools.
--- Low resistance meter. DC mode, accuracy of 0.01mΩ; pressure device accuracy meets
requirements of Level-0.5.
13.2 Preparation of sample
13.2.1 The sample is a complete bipolar plate; the number of samples is 5 (ensure 3 valid values
to be obtained); and there shall be no wrinkles, scratches or damage.
13.2.2 For samples from different batches, they shall be sampled separately.
13.3 Test methods
The contact resistance of the sample is tested according to the method specified in 6.3.3.The
tested area is the center of the active area of the sample; and the area of the carbon paper is the
same as the area of the pressure head of the low resistance meter.
The contact area between the sample and the carbon paper is calculated as 1.1 times the area of
the back of the tested area; and the size of the back of the tested area is indicated in the test
report.
13.4 Data processing
The test results of the contact resistance of the sample are processed according to the method
specified in 6.4.3.
14 Air Tightness Test of Bipolar Plate Component
14.1 Test instrument
The test instrument includes the following equipment and tools.
--- Pressure gauge. accuracy level meets the requirements of Level-0.4;
--- Gas pipeline and valve. close or open the inlet and outlet of the three sample cavities
through the valve;
--- Mass flow meter. the measurement range is 0mL/min~10mL/min; and the accuracy level
meets the requirements of Level-0.1.
NOTE. The mass flow meter is arranged on the main pipe before the inlet of the three cavities (fuel cavity,
oxidant cavity and cooling cavity), the branch pipe before the inlet of the cooling cavity, the branch pipe
behind the outlet of the cooling cavity, and the branch pipe behind the outlet of the fuel cavity. Use
multiple mass flow meters separately, or use valves and gas pipelines to share mass flow meters.
14.2 Preparation of sample
14.2.1 The sample is a complete bipolar plate; and the sample supplier also provides the clamps
and seals that match the sample.
14.2.2 The number of samples is 5 (ensure that 3 valid values to be obtained); and there shall
be no wrinkles, scratches or damage.
14.2.3 For samples from different batches, they shall be sampled separately.
14.3 Test methods
14.3.1 Under the condition of 25℃±2℃, place the sample between the matching clamps; seal
and isolate the three cavities of the sample through the clamps; and then perform leakage test
and blowby test on the sample. Ensure that the sealing performance of the clamp is good before
testing.
14.3.2 The test medium is nitrogen, and the test medium can also be determined by negotiation
between the two test parties. The test report shall indicate the test medium, the maximum
operating pressure of each cavity of the sample, and the maximum operating pressure difference
between the cavities.
NOTE. The maximum operating pressure difference is the maximum pressure difference between any
two of the internal fuel, oxidant and cooling medium of the fuel cell that can be safely and continuously
operated by the manufacturer.
14.3.3 The schematic diagram of the total leakage test is shown in Figure 5.The test medium
pressure is no less than 1.1 times the maximum value of the maximum operating pressure in
the three cavities of the sample. Close the three-cavity outlets of the sample, open the three-
cavity inlets of the sample, and simultaneously pass the test medium into the three-cavity inlet
of the sample through the main pipe. After the mass flow meter in front of the main pipe has
stabilized for at least 30 s and the rate of change of the value during the stabilization period is
no more than 30%, record the value, which is the total leakage in mL/min.
......
Source: Above contents are excerpted from the PDF -- translated/reviewed by: www.chinesestandard.net / Wayne Zheng et al.
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