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GB/T 18487.1-2023 PDF English

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GB/T 18487.1-2023: Electric vehicle conductive charging system - Part 1: General requirements
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GB/T 18487.1-2023English2005 Add to Cart 0-9 seconds. Auto-delivery Electric vehicle conductive charging system - Part 1: General requirements Valid
GB/T 18487.1-2015English745 Add to Cart 0-9 seconds. Auto-delivery [Newer version GB/T 18487.1-2023] Electric vehicle conductive charging system -- Part 1: General requirements Obsolete
GB/T 18487.1-2001English475 Add to Cart 0-9 seconds. Auto-delivery Electric vehicle conductive charging system -- Part 1: General requirements Obsolete

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GB/T 18487.1-2023: Electric vehicle conductive charging system - Part 1: General requirements

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GB NATIONAL STANDARD OF THE PEOPLE’S REPUBLIC OF CHINA ICS 43.040.99 CCS T 35 Replacing GB/T 18487.1-2015 Electric vehicle conductive charging system - Part 1. General requirements Issued on: SEPTEMBER 07, 2023 Implemented on: APRIL 01, 2024 Issued by. State Administration for Market Regulation; Standardization Administration of the People’s Republic of China.

Table of Contents

Foreword... 4 Introduction... 11 1 Scope... 13 2 Normative references... 14 3 Terms and definitions... 17 4 Classification... 47 5 General requirements for charging system... 50 6 Communication... 54 7 Electric shock protection... 55 8 Connection between electric vehicle and EV energy transfer... 62 9 Vehicle adaptor... 64 10 Special requirements for vehicle coupler and EV plug and socket-outlet... 64 11 Structure requirements for EV energy transfer equipment... 67 12 Performance requirements for EV energy transfer equipment... 73 13 Overload protection and short circuit protection... 78 14 Emergency stop... 79 15 Service condition... 79 16 Maintenance and repair... 81 17 Marking and description... 81 Appendix A (Normative) AC charging control pilot circuit and control principle... 83 Appendix B (Normative) DC charging control pilot circuit and control principle of connection set for charging in GB/T 20234.3... 115 Appendix C (Normative) DC charging control pilot circuit and control principle of connection set for charging in GB/T 20234.4... 129 Appendix D (Informative) Vehicle power supply circuit voltage adaptability switching ... 171 Appendix E (Informative) V2G DC bi-directional charging technical solution using the connection set for charging specified in GB/T 20234.4... 175 Appendix F (Normative) DC charging technology for multi-vehicle couplers... 182 Appendix G (Normative) Technical solution on DC charging compatibility using vehicle adapter specified in GB/T 20234.4... 187 Electric vehicle conductive charging system - Part 1. General requirements

1 Scope

This document specifies classification, general requirements, communication, electric shock protection, connection between electric vehicle and EV energy transfer equipment, special requirements of vehicle adaptor, vehicle coupler and EV plug and socket-outlet, EV energy transfer equipment structure requirement, performance requirement, overload protection and short circuit protection, emergency stop, service conditions, repair, marking and description for electric vehicle conductive charging system. Note 1.Where no confusion is caused, the “EV energy transfer equipment” in this document is referred to as “supply equipment”. This document is applicable to current-controlled and/or voltage-controlled off-board conductive power supply equipment to achieve one-way/two-way energy flow between the electric vehicle rechargeable electrical energy storage system and the power supply network (power supply). The rated voltage of the power supply network side (side A) does not exceed 1 000 V AC or 1 500 V DC, and the rated maximum voltage of the electric vehicle side (side B) does not exceed 1000 V AC or 1 500 V DC. This document is also applicable to EV supply equipment which acquires energy from onsite energy storage system (such as buffer battery). This document applies to conductive charging or bi-directional charging systems of electric vehicles that can be externally charged or bi-directional charged, including battery electric vehicles, off-vehicle-chargeable hybrid electric vehicles and fuel cell hybrid electric vehicles. It also applies, as a reference, to conductive charging or bi-directional charging systems of trams, railway vehicles, industrial vehicles, etc. This document is not applicable to safety requirements on maintenance of electric vehicle conductive charging/bi-directional charging system, or to the on-board charging equipment as specified in GB/T 40432, or to trolleybus. Refer to the relevant standards of electric vehicles for requirements for components other than the key components of electric vehicle specified in this document (vehicle side vehicle inlet, control pilot circuit, EV disconnection device). Note 2.For EMC requirements for off-board electric vehicle supply equipment, see GB/T 18487.2-2017. Note 3.For requirements for top contact charging system, see GB/T 40425 (all parts). Note 4.For requirements for in-cable control and protection device (IC-CPD) for mode 2 charging, see GB/T 41589.

2 Normative references

The following documents are referred to in the text in such a way that some or all of their content constitutes requirements of this document. For dated references, only the version corresponding to that date is applicable to this document; for undated references, the latest version (including all amendments) is applicable to this document. GB/T 1002, Single stage plugs and socket-outlets for household and similar purposes - Types, basic parameters and dimensions GB/T 1003, Single stage plugs and socket-outlets for household and similar purposes - Types, basic parameters and dimensions GB/T 2099.1, Plugs and socket-outlets for household and similar purposes - Part 1. General requirements GB/T 2423.3, Environmental testing - Part 3.Testing method - Test Cab. Damp heat, steady state GB/T 2423.4, Environmental testing for electric and electronic products - Part 2. Test method - Test Db. Damp heat, cyclic (12h+12h cycle) GB/T 7251.1-2013, Low-voltage switchgear and controlgear assemblies - Part 1. General rules GB/T 10963.1, Electrical accessories - Circuit-breakers for overcurrent protection for household and similar installations - Part 1.Circuit-breakers for a.c. operation GB/T 10963 (all parts), Electrical accessories - Circuit-breakers for overcurrent protection for household and similar installations GB/T 11918.1, Plugs, socket-outlet and couplers for industrial purposes - Part 1. General requirements GB/T 11918.2, Plug, socket-outlets and couplers for industrial purposes - Part 2. Dimensional compatibility and interchangeability requirements for pin and contact- tube accessories

3 Terms and definitions

For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in GB/T 19596-2017, GB/T 20234.4-2023, GB/T 29317-2021 and GB/T 32694-2021 as well as those given below apply. 3.1 Charging/bi-directional charging system 3.1.1 charging Powering the rechargeable electrical energy storage system of electric vehicle at a calibrated voltage/current regulated from AC/DC supply network (power supply). 3.1.2 bi-directional charging Adjust the AC or DC power supply network (power supply) to the appropriate voltage/current to provide electric energy for the rechargeable electrical energy storage system of electric vehicle, or using the electric vehicle as a power supply, adjust the appropriate voltage/current and output it to the AC or DC power supply network (power supply), or provide electric energy to loads, etc. 3.1.3 conductive charge A method of charging the battery using electrical conduction. [Source. GB/T 19596-2017, 3.4.2.1] 3.1.4 charging modes Method to power electric vehicle by connecting the electric vehicle to supply network (power supply). Note. Mode 1, mode 2, mode 3 and mode 4 are also applicable to bi-directional charging. 3.1.4.1 mode 1 While electric vehicle is connected to supply network (power supply), plugs and socket- outlets in compliance with GB 2099.1 and GB 1002, as well as stage line, neutral line and grounding protection conductor, are applied at the power supply side. 3.1.4.2 mode 2 While electric vehicle is connected to supply network (power supply), standard plug/socket-outlet, as well as stage line, neutral line and grounding protection conductor, is applied at the power supply side. Besides, in-cable control and protection device (IC- CPD) is applied for charging connection.

4 Classification

4.1 By input characteristic of supply network By the power supply system it connected to, EV supply equipment is classified into. -- EV supply equipment connected to AC supply network; -- EV supply equipment connected to DC supply network. 4.2 By type of connection of supply network By the type of connection of the supply network it connected to, EV supply equipment is classified into. -- connected using standard plug cable assembly; -- connected fixedly. 4.3 By type of current of energy transfer (side B) By the type of current of energy transfer on side B, EV supply equipment is classified into. -- AC supply equipment; -- DC supply equipment; -- AC/DC supply equipment. 4.4 By service environment 4.4.1 Normal service environment By the normal service environment, EV supply equipment is classified into. -- indoor use; -- outdoor use. 4.4.2 Special service environment The classification may be conducted by the special service conditions specified in 15.2. 4.4.3 Location of installation and use By the location of installation and use, EV supply equipment is classified into. -- for locations with restricted access; -- for locations with non-restricted access. 4.5 By output of power supply equipment By output voltage, EV supply equipment is classified into. -- AC rated voltage. mono-stage 220 V, three-stage 380 V; -- DC rated maximum voltage. 500 V, 750 V, 1 000 V, 1 250 V; -- DC operating voltage range. 200 V ~ 500 V, 200 V ~ 750 V, 200 V ~ 1 000 V*, 500 V ~ 1 250 V. Note. * is the recommended operating voltage range for DC power supply equipment using the control pilot function in Appendix C. By output current, EV supply equipment is classified into. -- AC rated current. 8 A,10 A,16 A, 32 A, 63 A; -- DC rated continuous current. 10 A, 20 A, 32 A, 50 A, 80 A, 100 A, 125 A, 160 A, 200 A, 250 A, 315 A, 400 A, 500 A, 630 A, 800 A. 4.6 By installation way By installation way, EV supply equipment is classified into. -- fixed (wall-mounted. installed on wall, pole or other equivalent location, including embedded installation and surface installation; scaffolding; floor-mounted. installed on floor); -- non-fixed (movable. such as movable charging equipment; portable. such as in- cable control and protection device for mode 2, portable equipment for mode 4). 4.7 By electric shock protection By electric shock protection, EV supply equipment is classified into. -- Category I equipment. using basic insulation as basic protection measure and protective bonding as fault protection measure; -- Category II equipment. using basic insulation as basic protection measure and supplementary insulation as fault protection measure, or using reinforced insulation which can serve as both basic protection and fault protection. Note. See GB/T 17045-2020 for the definitions of Categories I and II. 4.8 By charging mode By the charging mode as specified in 3.1.4, EV supply equipment is classified into. -- mode 1; -- mode 2; -- mode 3; -- mode 4. Note. More than one charging mode may coexist on the same EV supply equipment.

5 General requirements for charging system

5.1 Service conditions of electric vehicle charging mode 5.1.1 Mode 1 Mode 1 charging system uses standard plug to connect standard socket-outlet and shall adopt single-stage AC power supply not greater than 8 A and 250 V during energy transmission. The plug and socket-outlet conforming to GB 2099.1 and GB 1002 shall be used at the supply side. stage line, neutral line and protective earthing conductor as well as residual current protective device are used at the supply side. Protective earthing conductor shall be provided from standard socket-outlet to electric vehicle. Mode 1 shall not be used to charge electric vehicle. 5.1.2 Mode 2 Mode 2 charging system uses standard plug to connect standard socket-outlet and shall adopt single-stage AC power supply during energy transmission. When 10 A standard plugs and socket-outlets conforming to GB 2099.1 and GB 1002 or NB/T 10202 are used at the supply side, the output shall not exceed 8 A. When plugs and socket-outlets conforming to GB/T 11918.1 and GB/T 11918.2 are used at the supply side, the output shall not exceed 32 A. Single-stage two-pole plugs and socket-outlets specified in GB/T 1002 shall not be used on the power side. Properly installed standard socket-outlets including stage lines, neutral wires and protective earthing conductors shall be used at the power supply side, and in-cable control and protection devices (IC-CPDs) shall be used to connect the power supply network (power supply) and the electric vehicle. It includes plugs that integrate additional functions such as temperature detection, residual current protection, switching, etc., the rest of which complies with the requirements of the above standards, and meets the test requirements of relevant standards. Protective earthing conductor having residual current protection and overcurrent protection functions shall be provided from standard socket-outlet to electric vehicle. The control pilot function of mode 2 shall comply with Appendix A. 5.1.3 Mode 3 Mode 3 is applicable to that the power supply equipment connected to AC supply network connects electric vehicle and AC supply network and special protection device is installed on EV supply equipment. When EV supply equipment has one or more mode 3 connecting point(s) (EV socket- outlet) that can be used simultaneously, each connecting point shall be provided with special protection device and shall ensure the independent operation of control pilot function. Mode 3 shall be provided with residual current protection function. Case A connection, case B connection and case C connection are applicable to mode 3. When single-stage power supply is adopted, the current shall not be greater than 32 A. When three-stage power supply is adopted and the current is greater than 32A, case C connection shall be adopted. Note. Applicable to case D connection and case E connection of mode 3, which are under consideration. The control pilot function of mode 3 shall comply with Appendix A. 5.1.4 Mode 4 Mode 4, used for that electric vehicle is connected to DC power supply equipment, is applied to the equipment permanently connected to supply network and the equipment connected to supply network by standard plug cable assembly or by AC vehicle inlet. Power supply equipment that uses standard plug cable assemblies or AC vehicle inlets to connect to the AC power supply network shall comply with the regulations of NB/T 10902. Mode 4 (including V2G) may be directly connected to AC supply network or DC supply network. Case C connection, case D connection and case E connection are applicable to mode 4. Only case C connection is applicable to V2G. The DC charging control pilot function of mode 4 shall comply with Appendix B or Appendix C. 5.2 Functions provided by modes 2, 3 and 4 5.2.1 Function requirements of modes 2, 3 and 4 5.2.1.1 General EV supply equipment shall at least provide the following control pilot functions. -- continuous monitoring of the continuity of protective earthing conductor; -- confirmation of the right connection of electric vehicle and power supply equipment; -- power supply control function; -- outage control function of power supply equipment; -- applicable maximum current allowed; -- electric vehicle charge wake-up function. When EV supply equipment is capable of performing energy transfer with multiple electric vehicles simultaneously, it needs to ensure that the above control pilot functions shall operate independently and normally at each charging connecting point. 5.2.1.2 Continuous monitoring of the continuity of protective earthing conductor When charging at modes 2, 3 and 4, the electrical continuity of protective earthing conductor shall be monitored continuously by EV supply equipment. Note. The above requirement is not applicable to Category II equipment. For mode 2, monitoring is carried out between electric vehicle and in-cable control and protection device. For modes 3 and 4, monitoring is carried out between electric vehicle and EV supply equipment. In case that the electrical continuity of protective earthing conductor is detected to be lost during the energy transfer stage, the power supply circuit of EV supply equipment shall be cut off, which shall meet the corresponding requirements of A.3.10.6, B.4.7.5 and C.7.13.3. 5.2.1.3 Confirmation of the right connection of electric vehicle and power supply equipment The supply equipment shall be able to determine that the vehicle connector or EV plug is plugged into the vehicle inlet or EV socket-outlet correctly. 5.2.1.4 Power supply control function Only when the control pilot function between EV supply equipment and electric vehicle establishes correct relationship with the allowable power-on state signal, EV supply equipment can supply electricity to electric vehicle. However, it shall not automatically enter the discharge mode. Only when it receives a direct or indirect instruction from the power supply network to allow discharge and the discharge conditions of the electric vehicle are met, can the electric vehicle discharge to the power supply network through the charging and discharging equipment.

6 Communication

In mode 4, digital communication shall be adopted to achieve data exchange between electric vehicle and EV supply equipment, and the communication protocol shall comply with GB/T 27930-2023. For modes 2 and 3, digital communication is optional. Digital communication under Modes 2 and 3 can be used for equipment for locations with restricted access, and digital communication requirements for equipment for locations with non-restricted access are under consideration.

7 Electric shock protection

7.1 General requirements 7.1.1 General Electric shock is defined as the physiological effect produced by the flow of electric current through a person or domestic animal. The physiological effect may be either harmful (e.g., ventricular fibrillation, heat damages, and suffocation), or harmless (e.g., muscle responses and sensations). Electric shock protective measures under single fault conditions shall be implemented. Under the conditions of intended use and reasonably foreseeable misuse, at least one of the following measures shall be taken to prevent the output circuit of the power supply equipment from electric shock hazards and potential injuries. -- basic protection (see 7.2); -- fault protection (see 7.3); -- complementary measures (see 7.5). Basic protection shall be adopted as the protection under normal operating conditions, and fault protection shall be adopted as the protection under single fault conditions. 7.1.2 Intended use and reasonably foreseeable misuse Intended use and reasonably foreseeable misuse shall meet. -- hazardously live parts shall not be accessible, and accessible conductive parts shall not be hazardously live; and -- hazardous current shall not occur when the charging coupler is disconnected. 7.1.3 Limits of contact current or contact voltage Under normal operating conditions and single fault conditions, hazardous electric shock to ordinary person shall be avoided by one of the following measures. -- limiting contact current and contact energy; or -- limiting contact voltage. Under normal operating conditions and single fault conditions, the human body impedance corresponding to the water-wet conditions specified in 3.1.8 of GB/T 13870.1-2022 shall also be considered. Note. The skin of people who sweat or after soaking in sea water are not taken into account. 7.1.4 Threshold of perception and startle reaction During intended use and reasonably foreseeable misuse, protective measures shall be taken to avoid startle reactions before, during and after energy transfer, under normal operating conditions and under single fault conditions. Under normal operating conditions, there may be perception and reaction. Note 1.Curve a (the boundary between AC1/AC2, DC1/DC2) in Table 11 and Table 13 in GB/T 13870.1-2008 corresponds to the threshold of startle reaction in this document. Note 2.Intended use cases include but are not limited to holding energy transfer components, such as charging cable, power supply/vehicle connector and power supply/vehicle inlet, cable detection, pre-charging, end of energy transfer, ordinary person or animals entering or leaving electric vehicles, opening and retrieving items from vehicle trunks/luggage compartments or other storage spaces, touching electric vehicle chassis, touching exposed metal parts of supply equipment. For the current path, it shall be from fingers to feet at the charging coupler and from hands to feet at the chassis. A means of protection shall be provided to limit contact current, such that the steady- state contact current between simultaneously accessible conductive parts shall not exceed. -- 0.5 mA AC/2 mA DC, under normal operating conditions; -- 3.5 mA AC/10 mA DC, under single fault conditions. When the contact current of Class I equipment exceeds 3.5 mA (effective value), the contact current requirements shall comply with the provisions of 12.1.2. For DC charging, additional protection shall be provided so that when the basic protection and the fault protection of the DC power supply circuit fail at the same time, the steady-state contact current shall not exceed the DC2 limit value (line b) specified in Figure 22 and Table 13 of GB/T 13870.1-2022. The power supply equipment shall be able to limit the discharge energy so that the discharge current/discharge energy shall not exceed. -- 5 μJ, under normal operating conditions; -- 0.5 mJ, under single fault conditions. Note 3.This value is derived from 5.2.7b in GB/T 17045-2020. For cable assembly, additional protection shall be provided so that when basic protection and cable assembly fault protection fail simultaneously, the steady-state contact current shall not exceed the C1 limit in Figure 20 of GB/T 13870.1-2022 and Figure 20 of GB/T 13870.2-2016 respectively. The following parameters shall be used. -- According to GB/T 13870.1-2022, the human body impedance is 575 Ω; -- According to ISO 17409.2020, the maximum Y capacitance of electric vehicles; -- The critical point of asymmetric/symmetric insulation resistance value in the energy transfer stage is 100 Ω/V. 7.2 Basic protection 7.2.1 General Basic protection is adopted for power supply equipment to prevent ordinary person from contacting live parts. One or more of the measures specified in 7.2.2, 7.2.3, 7.2.4 and 7.2.5 shall be taken. 7.2.2 Basic insulation of live parts for protection Basic insulation is adopted for the live parts of the power supply equipment, which shall comply with the provisions of 4.4.3.2 in IEC 62477-1.2016. Basic insulation shall provide protection by solid insulation or appropriately designed electrical clearance and/or creepage distance. Any accessible conductive part that is not insulated from live parts as required is considered a hazardous live part. Basic insulation shall be designed and tested to withstand impulse voltages and temporary overvoltage of the circuits to which it is connected. The test shall be carried out in accordance with 5.2.3.2 and 5.2.3.4 of IEC 62477-1.2016. 7.2.3 Protection with enclosures or barriers The power supply equipment adopts an enclosure or barrier protection method, which shall comply with the provisions of 4.4.3.3 in IEC 62477-1.2016. Enclosures shall be suitable for use in their intended environment. Power supply equipment shall have sufficient mechanical strength and be constructed so that it will not cause hazards during its expected use and misuse during its expected life. The enclosure shall be opened or the barrier removed by. -- using tools or keys; -- after de-energizing the hazardous live part. 7.2.4 Limiting voltage protection Using limiting voltage for basic protection shall meet the following conditions. a) The steady-state contact voltage shall not exceed the limits specified in Table 1 during normal operation. b) The steady-state contact voltage under single fault conditions shall not exceed the limits specified in Table 2. c) The non-recurring DC contact voltage during normal operation shall not exceed the limits specified in Table 1. d) The non-recurrent DC contact voltage from fingertips to toes under single fault conditions shall not exceed the limits specified in Figure 11; e) This voltage is provided by one of the following sources. 1) safety isolation transformer for auxiliary circuit (including control pilot); 2) voltage source providing the same safety level as the safety isolation transformer; 3) electrochemistry (such as batteries).

8 Connection between electric vehicle and EV energy transfer

8.1 General requirements The requirements for the physical transmission electrical interface between electric vehicle and EV supply equipment are specified in Chapter 8.The content of Chapter 8 applies to charging a single vehicle connector with an electric vehicle. Charging multiple vehicle connectors with the same electric vehicle shall be negotiated separately between the user and the manufacturer. When the power supply equipment is connected to multiple electric vehicles at the same time, there shall be a design mechanism to ensure that the electrical power supply circuits corresponding to each electric vehicle remain galvanic separation at any time. Multi-charging interface DC power supply equipment shall comply with the provisions of Appendix F. 8.2 Neutral line In the AC electric vehicle charging system, the AC supply network shall be provided with neutral line and connected to standard socket-outlet in case A connection. In case B connection and case C connection, the neutral line shall be connected to vehicle connector. 8.3 Contact sequence The contact sequence of connection and disconnection shall meet the relevant requirements of 6.3.1.3 in GB/T 20234.1-2023. 8.4 Explanation for functionality of mode 1 and mode 2 EV plug and socket-outlet and vehicle coupler The mode 1 and mode 2 standard plug/socket-outlet used for connecting to the supply network (power supply) shall meet the requirements of GB/T 1002 or GB/T 1003 and GB/T 2099.1, or GB/T 11918.1, or NB/T 10202, and vehicle coupler /vehicle inlet connected to the electric vehicle shall meet the requirements of GB/T 20234.2-2015. 8.5 Explanation for functionality of mode 3 EV plug and socket-outlet and vehicle coupler The mode 3 EV plug and socket-outlet and vehicle coupler shall meet the requirements of GB/T 20234.2-2015. Where single-stage power supply is adopted, AC supply network (power supply) conductor shall be connected to that between stage 1 (L1) and neutral line (N); L2 and L3 may be left or unconnected. Where three-stage power supply is adopted, AC supply network (power supply) conductor shall be connected to that between stage 1 (L1), stage 2 (L2), stage 3 (L3) and neutral line (N). 8.6 Explanation for functionality of mode 4 vehicle coupler Mode 4 vehicle coupler is only used for providing DC electricity and shall meet the requirements of GB/T 20234.3-2023 or GB/T 20234.4-2023. The interface parameters of each DC vehicle described in GB/T 20234.3-2023 shall only be used for the charging system designated in Appendix B. The interface parameters of each DC vehicle described in GB/T 20234.4-2023 shall only be used for the charging system designated in Appendix C.

9 Vehicle adaptor

For Mode 4, a vehicle adapter can be used to connect the vehicle connector and vehicle inlet. The vehicle adapter shall comply with the provisions of Appendix D in GB/T 20234.4-2023, and the corresponding control pilot circuit shall comply with the provisions of Appendix G. Vehicle adapters shall be clearly labeled with the conditions under which their use is permitted by the electric vehicle manufacturer or operator. Note. See Appendix H for other special vehicle adapters.

10 Special requirements for vehicle coupler and EV plug and

socket-outlet 10.1 General requirements In the application where rated continuous current is greater than 16 A, the EV socket- outlet, vehicle inlet and mode 4 vehicle connector shall be arranged with temperature monitoring device; power supply equipment and electric vehicle shall have temperature monitoring and over-temperature protection function at the interface, and shall meet relevant requirements in GB/T 20234. For electric vehicle power supply equipment in Mode 4 and using the control pilot function of Appendix C, the thermal management of the cable assembly shall also meet the requirements of C.7.9. Note. Where temperature monitoring device is installed at the side of standard plug in mode 2, patent issue may be involved. 10.2 Cord extension set Except cable assembly, cord extension set shall not be used to connect electric vehicle and EV supply equipment. 10.3 Breaking capacity The breaking capacity of vehicle coupler and EV plug and socket-outlet shall meet the requirements of 6.3.11 and 7.22 in GB/T 20234.1-2023. Specific method may be used to avoid load disconnection for connector or the system with interlock function. If necessary, the function may be integrated into self-locking device. Fo......
Source: Above contents are excerpted from the full-copy PDF -- translated/reviewed by: www.ChineseStandard.net / Wayne Zheng et al.