GB/T 18442.4-2011 (GB/T 18442.4-2019 Newer Version) PDF English
GB/T 18442.4-2011 (GB/T18442.4-2011, GBT 18442.4-2011, GBT18442.4-2011)
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Static vacuum insulated cryogenic pressure vessels -- Part 4: Fabrication
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Newer version: GB/T 18442.4-2019 Standards related to (historical): GB/T 18442.4-2019
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GB/T 18442.4-2011: PDF in English (GBT 18442.4-2011) GB/T 18442.4-2011
GB
NATIONAL STANDARD OF THE
PEOPLE’S REPUBLIC OF CHINA
ICS 23.020.40
J 76
Partially replacing GB 18442-2001
Static Vacuum Insulated Cryogenic Pressure Vessel -
Part 4. Fabrication
ISSUED ON. NOVEMBER 21, 2011
IMPLEMENTED ON. MAY 1, 2012
Issued by. General Administration of Quality Supervision, Inspection and
Quarantine (AQSIQ);
Standardization Administration (SAC) of the People's
Republic of China.
Table of Contents
Foreword ... 3
1 Scope ... 5
2 Normative References ... 5
3 Terms and Definitions ... 6
4 General Requirements ... 7
5 Material Preparation ... 8
6 Cold and Hot Forming ... 9
7 Fabrication Requirements ... 10
8 Welding ... 15
9 Product Weld Test Plate ... 19
10 Cleaning and Assembling ... 20
11 Helium Mass Spectrum Leak Detection ... 21
12 Pipeline Fabrication and Installation of Safety Accessories ... 21
13 Non-destructive Testing ... 23
14 Coating and Appearance Quality ... 25
15 Mark and Sign ... 26
16 Delivery Documents ... 27
17 Delivery Conditions ... 28
Foreword
"Static Vacuum Insulated Cryogenic Pressure Vessel" (GB/T 18442) comprises 6 parts.
- Part 1. General Requirements;
- Part 2. Material;
- Part 3. Design;
- Part 4. Fabrication;
- Part 5. Inspection and Test;
- Part 6. Safety Device Requirements.
This part is Part 4 of GB/T 18442.
This part refers to "Cryogenic Vessels - Static Vacuum-insulated Vessels Part 1.
Design, Fabrication, Inspection and Tests" (ISO 21009-1.2008) (English edition).
This Part replaces "Fabrication requirements" (Section 6.6), "Inspection certificate"
(Chapter 9) and partial contents in "Cryo-insulation Pressure Vessels" (GB 18442-
2001).
Compared with GB 18442-2001, changes in this part are as follows.
- General requirements (requirements on key points for quality control, material
preparation, cold and hot forming, dimension and geometric tolerance), and
requirements on pipeline fabrication, non-destructive testing, cleaning and
delivery condition were added;
- Requirements on welding technology were refined;
- Welded structure (Informative) was cancelled.
This Part was proposed and is under the jurisdiction of National Technical Committee
on Boilers and Pressure Vessels of Standardization Administration of China (SAC/TC
262).
Drafting organizations of this part. China International Marine Containers (Group) Co.,
Ltd., Shanghai Gas Industry Association, Aerosun Corporation, China Special
Equipment Inspection and Research Institute, Shanghai Huayi Group Equipment
Static Vacuum Insulated Cryogenic Pressure Vessel -
Part 4. Fabrication
1 Scope
1.1 This part specifies the basic fabrication requirements of Static Vacuum Insulated
Cryogenic Pressure Vessel (hereinafter referred to as "cryogenic vessel").
1.2 The application scope in this part is the same as that in part 1 of this standard.
2 Normative References
The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this
document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references,
the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendment) applies.
GB 150 Steel Pressure Vessels
GB/T 1804-2000 General Tolerances - Tolerances for Linear and Angular
Dimensions without Individual Tolerance Indications
GB/T 9969 General Principles for Preparation of Instructions for Use of Industrial
Products
GB/T 18442.1-2011 Static Vacuum Insulated Cryogenic Pressure Vessel Part 1.
General Requirements
GB/T 18442.2 Static Vacuum Insulated Cryogenic Pressure Vessel - Part 2. Material
GB/T 18442.3 Static Vacuum Insulated Cryogenic Pressure Vessel - Part 3. Design
GB/T 25198 Heads for Pressure Vessels
JB/T 4711 Coating and Packing for Pressure Vessels Transport
JB/T 4730.1 Nondestructive Testing of Pressure Equipment - Part 1. General
Requirements
JB/T 4730.2 Nondestructive Testing of Pressure Equipment - Part 2. Radiographic
Safety accessories
It is a generic term for accessories that act as safety protection such as safety valve,
bursting disc device and safety relief device combined by safety valve and bursting
disc, emergency shutoff device, liquid level meter, pressure gauge, static conducting
device, explosive device of outer shell, flame arrester.
4 General Requirements
4.1 The fabrication, inspection and acceptance of tanks shall meet not only the
requirements of this standard, but also those specified in the design drawing.
4.2 The fabrication organization shall develop quality certificate system for pressure
vessels according to relevant laws and regulations, so as to guarantee product quality
and safety.
4.3 Personnel with "the special equipment operation personnel certificate" of
corresponding project shall undertake the welding.
4.4 Personnel with "the special equipment inspection and testing personnel
certificate" of corresponding project shall undertake the non-destructive testing.
4.5 Fabrication organization shall be possessed of building facilities, service
environment, vacuum equipment, helium mass spectrometer leak detector, necessary
cleaning equipment and testing instrument corresponding with vacuum insulation.
4.6 Welded joints between pressure units of vessel are divided into A, B, C and D
four categories, connection joint between non-pressure unit and pressure unit is
Category E weld joint which is as shown in Figure 1.
a) Category A weld joints. longitudinal joint of cylinder, girth joint for connection
between spherical head and cylinder, tailor welded joint in convex heads and
built-in connection pipe or joint for butt joint between flange and shell.
b) Class B welded joints include the girth joints of shell, girth joint for butt joint
between the long-neck flange or connection pipe and the connection pipe,
excluding those having been classified as Category A;
c) The non-butt joints for connection between flange and connection pipe all belong
to Category C welded joints;
d) Category D welded joints include joints for connection between connection pipe,
manhole, flange, reinforcement panel and shell; however, those having been
5.4 The sharp scars as well as such defects as partial scars and notches on the
stainless steel surface shall be grinded, and the inclination of the grinding scope shall
be 1.3 at most. The grinding depth shall hall be less than or equal to 5% of the
thickness δs of steels at this position, and less than or equal to 2mm, otherwise repair
welding shall be carried out.
6 Cold and Hot Forming
6.1 Plates for fabrication of cylinder and head may be processed to the required
shape by cold and hot forming method.
6.2 For cold formed austenitic stainless steel, percentage elongation after fracture of
its base material is not less than 30%, or heat treatment may not be carried out where
cold machining deformation rate is less than or equal to 15%.
6.3 Calculation for machining deformation rate of steel plates
Uniaxial tension (such as round rolling of steel plates)
%R
R-R
Biaxial tension (such as cold pressed head)
%R
R-R
51
Where,
ε - Deformation rate of steel plates, %;
δ - Nominal thickness of steel plates, mm;
Rf - Center radius of steel plates after bending, mm;
R0 - Center radius of steel plates before bending, and for flat plate, R0 is infinite, mm.
6.4 Where austenitic stainless steel with hot forming or cold machining deformation
greater than permissible value is adopted, solution treatment shall be carried out
according to corresponding material standard after the steel is formed.
6.5 Unless otherwise stated in the drawing, heat treatment needs not to be carried
8.1.2 Welding process qualification shall be in accordance with the requirements of
NB/T 47014, including low temperature Charpy (V notch) shock test for weld and heat-
affected zone. Technical documents for the welding process qualification shall be
preserved until the process is invalid. Specimen for the qualification shall be preserved
for at least 5 years.
8.1.3 The welding condition shall meet the requirements of NB/T 47015. Where the
temperature for welded parts is less than 0℃ while greater than or equal to -20℃, the
area within the range of 100mm to the welded area shall be preheated to above 15℃.
Where temperature of austenitic stainless steel welded parts is less than -20℃,
welding is prohibited.
8.1.4 Quality inspection for groove surface
a) The groove surface shall be free from defects such as cracks, layers and
occluded foreign substances;
b) For steels with lower limit value Rm of standard tensile strength no less than 540
MPa, magnetic particle or penetrant testing shall be carried out for flame-cutting
groove surface;
c) Before welding, the oxide, oil stain, slag and other harmful impurities within 20mm
of surfaces on both sides of base metal and groove (calculated by the distance
from groove edge) shall be cleared away.
8.1.5 During assembling of to be welded parts, tie rod, jack, fixture, tack welding or
other similar auxiliary tools may be used for fixing edge of parts so as to be in alignment,
moreover, the position is not changed during the welding.
8.1.6 For tack welding between pressure units or between pressure unit and non-
pressure unit during the assembling, if it is part of weld metal, welding will be carried
out according to weld requirements of pressure units.
8.2 Welded structure
a) Welding between connection pipe and inner vessel shall be of full-penetration
structure;
b) Deformation and stress of welding parts are reduced as possible. Where
materials of different thicknesses are welded, joint of uniform thickness shall be
adopted, moreover, machining work load after welding is reduced as possible;
c) Connection of welded joints shall be adopted with joints with relatively high static
load and fatigue resistance as possible;
d) Excessive concentration of welds is avoided, and stress concentration and joint
deformation are reduced;
e) During welding of two different materials, thermal expansion, fusion temperature,
heat conductivity coefficient and contraction under low temperature condition of
the materials shall be considered for type of welded joints.
8.3 Weld shape and dimension
8.3.1 Reinforcement for Categories A and B joint welds e1 and e2 shall meet the
requirements of Table 2 and Figure 9.
8.3.2 For the weld leg dimension of Categories C, D and E joints, where there is no
any requirements in the drawing, the thickness of the thinner one shall be adopted. For
weld leg of reinforcement panel, where thickness of the reinforcement panel is greater
than or equal to 8mm, dimension of the weld leg is equal to 70% thickness of the
reinforcement panel and greater than or equal to 8mm.
8.3.3 Categories C, D and E welds shall be with smooth transition with the base
material.
8.4 Quality of welded joint surface
8.4.1 The welded joint surface shall be free from cracks, incomplete penetration,
incomplete fusion, gas hole, arc crater, non-filling up, slag inclusion and splash.
8.4.2 Butt weld shall be in smooth transition with base material, shape of fillet weld
shall be with concave smooth transition.
8.5 Welding of temporary accessories
8.5.1 The same material or material with similar mechanical property and welding
property of the tank shall be adopted for the temporary lifting lug and sub-plate of tie
bar which are welded on tank; moreover, welding is carried out with corresponding
welding materials and welding process.
8.5.2 After temporary lifting lug and sub-plate of tie bar are removed, the remaining
shall be polished smoothly, moreover, penetrant testing or magnetic particle testing
shall be carried out according to the requirements of the drawing, so as to ensure that
the surface is free from defect such as cracks. The thickness of burr after polished
shall be greater than or equal to the design thickness of this position or the specified
minimum thickness of the drawing.
8.6 Identification mark or record of welder
8.7.5 For the joint needing repairing after helium mass spectrum leak detection, the
repair position shall be qualified in testing with suitable inspection method, and helium
mass spectrum leak detection shall be carried out again.
9 Product Weld Test Plate
9.1 For low alloy steel inner vessel provided with Category A longitudinal welded joint,
the product weld test plate shall be fabricated set by set.
9.2 During preparation of product weld test plates, the following requirements shall
be met.
a) For product weld test plate, welding is carried out simultaneously for extension
position of cylindrical longitudinal weld and the cylindrical section.
b) The material of the test plate must be qualified, and is the same as that of the
inner vessel in standard, designation, thickness and heat treatment state.
c) The test plate shall be welded by the vessel welder with the same welding
process and under the welding conditions as that of the vessel. For the vessel
welded by several welders, the welder of the product weld test plate shall be
assigned by the fabrication organization of the inspection department.
d) For inner vessel with heat treatment requirements, the heat treatment is carried
out with the test piece along with the inner vessel generally, otherwise measures
shall be taken to guarantee that the test piece is heat-treated with process the
same as that of the inner vessel.
9.3 The following requirements shall be met during inspection for mechanical
property of the sample.
a) Category, quantity, cutting and preparation of specimen shall meet the
requirements of NB/T 47016.
b) Test methods, qualification indexes, and reinspection requirements for
mechanical property inspection shall meet the requirements of NB/T 47016.
c) Test temperature of low temperature Charpy (V notch) shock test is design
temperature or temperature specified in the design drawing of pressure units.
d) Where the product weld test plate is judged as unqualified, relevant reasons shall
be analyzed and corresponding measures shall be taken, and then the sample
may be retaken according to according to the requirements of NB/T 47016 for
10.2.3 Insulation layer of the vacuum powder insulation shall meet the following
requirements.
a) Before filling of powder insulated-material that its moisture content is in
accordance with the requirements shall be confirmed, where necessary, drying
treatment shall be carried out;
b) During the filling, filling density of the powder insulated-material shall be
controlled, and measures for avoiding subsidence are taken as possible;
c) For cryogenic vessel of vacuum powder insulation, proper amount of photoresist
may be added. The photoresist shall be with favorable chemical stability, and
distribute uniformly in the powder insulated-material. Photoresist which may
explode under oxygen-rich environment shall not be added in cryogenic vessel
storing liquid oxygen.
11 Helium Mass Spectrum Leak Detection
11.1 Before inner vessel is assembled in the outer shell, helium mass spectrum leak
detection shall be carried out for the outer shell, pipeline in the vacuum jacket.
11.2 In case of leakage, repairing shall be carried out for the position according to
the repair process of welding, and retest is carried out after the repairing is qualified in
the non-destructive testing according to the requirements of the drawing.
12 Pipeline Fabrication and Installation of Safety Accessories
12.1 Pipeline fabrication
12.1.1 Before installing the pipeline, pipeline components such as pipe rack, pipe
fittings and valve must be inspected strictly, so as to ensure that the internal and
external surfaces are clear and dry with no impurity and oil stain.
12.1.2 Connection of pipeline in the vacuum interspace shall be of welded structure,
butt joint of equal wall thickness and full-penetration is recommended; where the pipe
diameter is relatively small, socket welding structure may also be adopted.
12.1.3 Pipeline in the vacuum interspace shall be equipped with adequate capacity
of compensation for adapting to expansion and contraction.
12.1.4 Pressure test and leak detection shall be carried out with pipeline in the
vacuum interspace together with the inner vessel.
inspection and maintenance; moreover, measures for avoiding random opening shall
be taken. The safety release outlet shall be kept clear from the operating position of
the operation personnel.
12.2.6 Installation positions for pressure gauge and liquid level meter shall be
convenient for observation and cleaning of operation personnel; and moreover,
adverse effects of calorific radiation, freezing or vibration shall be avoided.
12.2.7 T plug cock or needle valve shall be installed between the pressure gauge
and the vessel. T plug cock or needle valve shall be provided with opening mark and
locking device.
12.2.8 Valve which can be quickly closedown or emergency shutoff device shall be
added for vessel storing explosive extreme-toxicity medium or highly hazardous
medium according to relevant requirements; however, the condition where the
engineering system is arranged with emergency shutoff device (or other similar latch
device for preventing leakage in a large quantity) is excluded. Installation of the
emergency shutoff device shall be completed before the tightness test.
13 Non-destructive Testing
13.1 General requirements
13.1.1 Non-destructive testing of welded joints shall be carried out after the shape,
dimension and appearance quality are qualified in inspection.
13.1.2 Non-destructive testing shall be carried out after the butt head is formed, the
testing shall be carried out again for the arc transition area after forming if it is carried
out before the butt head is formed.
13.2 Inner vessel
13.2.1 100% radiographic testing or ultrasonic testing shall be carried out for
Categories A and B welded joints of inner vessel and pipeline butt joint connecting with
the inner vessel. The ultrasonic testing includes ultrasonic time of flight diffraction
technique, recordable ultrasonic testing of impulse reflection method and non-
recordable ultrasonic testing of impulse reflection method. Where non-recordable
ultrasonic testing of impulse reflection method is adopted, radiographic testing or
ultrasonic time of flight diffraction technique shall be adopted as subsidy partial testing.
13.2.2 Where lower limit value for steel standard tensile strength of inner vessel is
greater than or equal to 540MPa, and the wall thickness is wall thickness greater than
20mm, if butt joint is tested with radiographic testing, additional 20% ultrasonic testing
13.4.1 For pipeline in vacuum interspace, 100% radiographic testing shall be carried
out for its butt joint according to JB/T 4730.2, technical level of the radiographic testing
shall not be lower than Grade AB and its qualification grade shall not be lower than
Grade II.
13.4.2 For pipeline in vacuum interspace, 100% penetrant testing shall be carried out
for its fillet joint according to JB/T 4730.5, and its qualification grade shall not be lower
than Grade I.
13.5 Repeated testing
13.5.1 In case of unallowable defect on welded joint in non-destructive testing, repair
welding shall be carried out for the joints after the defect is cleaned up clear, and then
retesting and judgment assessment shall be carried out for the position by the former
non-destructive testing method and according to the qualification level until the joint is
qualified.
13.5.2 In case of unallowable defect on welded joint in partial non-destructive testing,
the inspection length shall be increased at extension positions of two ends of the defect,
and the additional length is 10% length of the welded joint and is greater than or equal
to 250mm. If the joint is still unqualified, 100% non-destructive testing will be carried
out for this welded joint.
13.5.3 Where unallowable defect is discovered in the magnetic particle testing and
penetrant testing, grinding and necessary repair welding shall be carried out; and
moreover, the position is retested by the former non-destructive testing until it is
qualified.
14 Coating and Appearance Quality
14.1 Coating of the vessel shall meet the requirements of JB/T 4711.
14.2 Painting for weld of the outer shell shall be carried out the after vacuumization
of interspace is qualified.
14.3 The type and color of paints, quantity and thickness of coating layers as well as
signs shall meet the requirements of the design drawing.
14.4 They shall be uniform in color and regular in division and free from defects such
as peeling, wrinkle bubble and pinhole.
14.5 Surfaces of stainless steel pipeline and valve should not be coated.
k) Fabrication date;
l) Category of pressure vessels;
m) Geometric volume;
n) Equipment code.
15.2.2 The outer shell shall be indicated with signs such as schematic diagram for
procedure of pipeline and comparison table for liquid level.
15.2.3 The outer shell may be indicated with signs such as medium name, signboard
for dangerous goods and the next inspection date.
15.2.4 Pipeline shall be provided with signs indicating uses of valve and pipe orifice.
16 Delivery Documents
16.1 The delivery documents shall at least cover.
a) Completion drawing of product;
b) Product certificate (including data sheet of the product) with pattern in
accordance with the requirements of TSG R 0004;
c) Product quality certificate;
d) Design document;
e) Rubbings or copies of product nameplate;
f) Certificate for special equipment fabrication, supervision, and inspection.
16.2 The product quality certificate shall at least cover the following items.
a) Material certificate for main pressure units;
b) Material list;
c) Quality certificates for purchased parts such as head and forging;
d) Quality plan or inspection scheme
......
Source: Above contents are excerpted from the PDF -- translated/reviewed by: www.chinesestandard.net / Wayne Zheng et al.
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