GB/T 18271.1-2017 PDF in English
GB/T 18271.1-2017 (GB/T18271.1-2017, GBT 18271.1-2017, GBT18271.1-2017)
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Process measurement and control devices -- General methods and procedures for evaluating performance -- Part 1: General considerations
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GB/T 18271.1-2017: PDF in English (GBT 18271.1-2017) GB/T 18271.1-2017
Process measurement and control devices--General methods and procedures for evaluating performance--Part 1. General considerations
ICS 25.040.40
N10
National Standards of People's Republic of China
Replace GB/T 18271.1-2000
Process measurement and control devices
General performance assessment methods and procedures
Part 1. General
(IEC 61298-1..2008, IDT)
2017-07-12 release
2018-02-01 Implementation
General Administration of Quality Supervision, Inspection and Quarantine of the People's Republic of China
Issued by China National Standardization Administration
Foreword
GB/T 18271 "Universal Performance Evaluation Methods and Procedures for Process Measurement and Control Devices" currently plans to release the following parts.
--- Part 1. General Provisions;
--- Part 2. Test under reference conditions;
--- Part 3. Experiments on the influence of the quantity;
--- Part 4. The content of the assessment report.
This part is Part 1 of GB/T 18271.
This section was drafted in accordance with the rules given in GB/T 1.1-2009.
This part replaces GB/T 18271.1-2000 "General performance evaluation methods and procedures for process measurement and control devices. Part 1.
General Principles, compared with GB/T 18271.1-2000, the main technical changes are as follows.
--- Updated normative references, replacing GB/T 17212-1998 with GB/T 2900.56-2008 (see Chapter 2,.2000)
Chapter 2 of the edition);
--- Removed the terms "tested device" "setpoint" "inconsistency" "adjustability" "time lag" "rise time" "settling time" "stepping
"Time", "time constant" and "instantaneous overshoot" and definitions (see 3.1, 3.6, 3.15 ~ 3.21 of the.2000 edition);
--- Adjust the term "maximum measurement error" to "measurement error" (see 3.7; 3.9 in the.2000 edition);
--- Modified the definition of the term "non-repeatability" (see 3.9; 3.12 in the.2000 edition);
--- Added the term "type test" and definition (see 3.14);
--- Added an overview of the reproducibility of the test and the comparability of the test results (see 5.3);
--- Removed the content of rated value in the load condition (see 6.3.1 of the.2000 edition);
--- Increased the requirements for pressure limits in the load content of pneumatic devices (see 6.3);
--- Removed the requirement in the test sequence that the calibration value of the device under test should be verified before each test and included in the report
(See 7.7 in the.2000 version);
--- Removed references (see Appendix A of the.2000 edition).
The translation method used in this part is equivalent to the use of IEC 61298-1..2008 "General performance evaluation methods and procedures for process measurement and control devices
Part 1. General Provisions.
The Chinese documents that have a consistent correspondence with the normatively cited international documents in this section are as follows.
--- GB/T 2900.79-2008 Electrotechnical terminology Electrical and electronic measurement and instrumentation Part 3. Electrical measurement instrumentation
Type [IEC 60050 (300-313)..2001, IDT]
--- GB/T 2900.89-2012 Electrotechnical terminology Electrical and electronic measurement and instrumentation Part 2. General terminology for electrical measurement
[IEC 60050 (300-312)..2001, IDT]
--- GB/T 2900.90-2012 Electrotechnical terminology Electrical and electronic measurement and instrumentation Part 4. Special techniques for various types of instruments
Language [IEC 60050 (300-314)..2001, IDT]
--- GB/T 3101-1993 General principles on quantities, units and symbols (ISO 31-0..1992, EQV)
--- GB/T 3102 (all parts) quantity and unit [ISO 31 (all parts)].
This part is proposed by China Machinery Industry Federation.
This part is under the jurisdiction of the National Industrial Process Measurement Control and Automation Standardization Technical Committee (SAC/TC124).
This section was drafted. Shanghai Industrial Automation Instrumentation Institute, Chongqing Industrial Automation Instrumentation Institute, Southwest University, Shanghai Automation
Instrument Co., Ltd.
The main drafters of this section. Wang Jianing, Liu Qin, Zhou Xuelian, Ni Min.
The previous versions of the standard replaced by this part are as follows.
--- GB/T 18271.1-2000.
Process measurement and control devices
General performance assessment methods and procedures
Part 1. General
1 Scope
GB/T 18271 stipulates a general method for performing functional and performance characteristics tests of process measurement and control devices and preparing test reports
Laws and procedures. The test methods and procedures specified in GB/T 18271 apply to any kind of test or any type of process measurement and control equipment
Set. These experiments are applicable to any process with specific input and output variables and a specific relationship (transfer function) between input and output variables.
Process measurement and control devices, including analog devices and digital devices. For devices that require special test items, it should be in accordance with GB/T 18271
Combined with the product standards specifically stipulated for such special test items, the test is conducted.
This part of GB/T 18271 discusses the general principles applicable to all parts of GB/T 18271.
2 Normative references
The following documents are essential for the application of this document. For dated references, only the dated version applies to this article
Pieces. For the cited documents without date, the latest version (including all amendments) applies to this document.
GB/T 2900.56-2008 Electrical engineering terminology control technology (IEC 60050-351..2006, IDT)
GB/T 2900.77-2008 Electrotechnical terminology Electrical and electronic measurement and instrumentation Part 1. General terminology for measurement
[IEC 60050 (300-311)..2001, IDT]
GB/T 18271.2-2017 General performance evaluation methods and procedures for process measurement and control devices Part 2. Under reference conditions
Test (IEC 61298-2..2008, IDT)
GB/T 18271.4-2017 Process measurement and control device general performance assessment methods and procedures Part 4. Evaluation report
Content (IEC 61298-4..2008, IDT)
ISO 31 (all parts) Quantities and units
3 Terms and definitions
GB/T 2900.56-2008, GB/T 2900.77-2008 and IEC 60050 (300) and the following terms and definitions apply
In this document.
3.1
Variable
The quantity or state whose value is variable and usually measurable (eg temperature, flow, speed, signal, etc.).
Note. Rewrite GB/T 2900.56-2008, definition 351-21-01.
3.2
Signal
Use one or more parameters to represent one or more physical variables of variable information.
Note. Rewrite GB/T 2900.56-2008, definition 351-21-51.
3.3
Range
The numerical interval defined by the upper and lower limits of the quantity studied.
Note. Rewrite GB/T 2900.56-2008, definition 351-27-11.
3.4
Span
The algebraic difference between the upper and lower limits of the measurement range.
[GB/T 2900.77-2008, definition 311-03-13]
3.5
Inaccuracy
Under the specified conditions, the maximum positive deviation and negative deviation from the specified characteristic curve observed when testing a device according to the specified procedure
deviation.
Note. For the definition of accuracy, see GB/T 2900.77-2008, definition 311-06-08.
3.6
Error
The algebraic difference between the displayed value of the measured variable and the comparison value.
Note 1. Rewrite GB/T 2900.56-2008, definition 351-27-04.
Note 2. When the indicated value is greater than the comparison value, the error is positive. The error is generally expressed as a percentage of the corresponding ideal range.
3.7
Measured error
The maximum positive or negative error of the average value of the upstroke or downstroke at each measurement point.
3.8
Non-linearity
Linearity deviation.
Note 1. For the definition of linearity, see GB/T 2900.77-2008, definition 311-06-05.
Note 2. Non-linearity does not include hysteresis.
3.9
Non-repeatability
Repeatability deviation.
Note. For definition of repeatability, see GB/T 2900.77-2008, definition 311-06-06.
3.10
Hysteresis
The device or meter gives the characteristics of different output values corresponding to its input value according to the order in which the input value is applied.
Note. Rewrite GB/T 2900.56-2008, definition 351-24-15.
3.11
Deadband
Changes in the input variables do not cause any perceptible changes in the output variables in a limited range of values.
Note. Rewrite GB/T 2900.56-2008, definition 351-24-14.
3.12
Unexpected event
During the assessment, the device needs to be repaired by the manufacturer for damage, work failure, abnormality or accidental damage.
3.13
Test procedure testprocedure
Prior to the start of the assessment, the manufacturer, the testing agency and the buyer/user agree on the tests to be carried out and the conditions of each test
instruction of.
3.14
Type test
In order to prove that the design meets the requirements of a certain specification, tests are carried out on one or several devices manufactured according to a certain design.
Note. In principle, the type test is only applicable to the prototype. It is usually not necessary to repeat the test on all units produced in batches.
4 Test classification
The tests specified in this standard can be divided into two categories.
a) Full performance test.
Including performance evaluation and type test to determine the performance of the device under any possible working conditions, so as to give or specify with the manufacturer
The device performance specifications or user requirements are compared.
b) Simplified test.
This includes selecting a part of the test items from the full-performance test items to verify the specified characteristics of the device (for example, for all devices before delivery
Routine tests conducted or random sampling tests on the device).
Where a full-scale test is not conducted, it should be noted in all reports related to the test and the reasons (e.g., economic reasons, and
Not relevant for specific applications or device failure). The inconsistency with the prescribed test procedure shall also be stated in the test report.
Before starting the test, the test program developed in accordance with this standard shall be obtained from the test organization, test initiator/buyer, supplier or manufacturer.
agree. Because this standard is a feature of the general standard, the test items listed in this standard can be used for devices with special requirements.
The range can be too wide, and it may not be comprehensive enough. In this case, the test outline can be revised through consultation.
The acceptance criteria of the test results (for example, the expected value or limit value) and the basis for judging the quality of the device under test and the acceptance of the device under test are complete
All depends on the future use of the test results, which is not within the scope of this standard.
5 General guidelines
5.1 Actual working conditions
The most ideal is to evaluate under various working conditions that may be encountered in the use of the device. But if you want to work in various possible combinations
It is unrealistic to evaluate the performance of the device under operating conditions. For this purpose, this standard specifies a standard test procedure, which is suitable for laboratory conditions
Under the test, enough data can be obtained to predict the on-site performance of the device. As long as a small amount of standard conditions are used to cover the entire range,
It can simplify the test process and make it easier to compare tests conducted on different devices.
5.2 Economic aspects
When selecting the test procedure and the number of test points and measurement cycles, consideration should be given to the purpose of the test and related test results and test costs.
The technical difficulty reaches the best balance. The test should use standard test procedures. If the test is cancelled or simplified for economic or other reasons, the test should be carried out
Explain in the test report.
5.3 Reproducibility of test and comparability of test results
In order to have the results obtained by different operators at different times and locations on different devices of the same type
Comparability, the test procedure and test method should be carefully determined, and the determined test procedure and method should be reproducible, especially should meet the following
Claim.
5.3.1 Standardization of test methods
Before the evaluation begins, the test method at the time of evaluation should be determined first.If possible, the determined method should be the same as the standard test method.
To. If there is any inconsistency with the standard test method, it should be stated in the test report.
5.3.2 Influencing factors
During the test, all factors that may affect the performance of the device under test should be checked and kept as unchanged as possible (except for specific test conditions).
5.3.3 Documentation of test methods
The test report shall indicate the standard or reference standard on which the evaluation is based, indicating the test conditions and any and specified conditions that occurred during the evaluation
Inconsistencies (for the format of the assessment report, see GB/T 18271.4-2017).
5.4 Processing of test results
For economic reasons (see 5.2), the number of measurements for each trial is often reduced to a minimum, so from a statistical perspective
It is meaningless in terms of degree. In this way, the test results should not be processed according to statistical methods but in a conventional way, and valuable
Information.
Therefore, in view of the general nature of the characteristic parameters of the device under test (e.g., inaccuracy, hysteresis, non-repeatability, dead zone, etc.), it should be measured
The maximum (positive or negative) difference between the true value and the agreed value is calculated, with some exceptions taking the average value (eg, measurement error, nonlinearity).
5.5 Test results are not affected by other tests
The test results should not be affected by previous tests.
6 General conditions for tests and samples
6.1 Test environmental conditions
The test shall be carried out under the environmental conditions specified in Table 1.
Table 1 Test environmental conditions
Atmospheric conditions tested
temperature
Relative humidity
Atmospheric pressure
kPa
Standard reference atmosphere 20 65 101.3
Recommended limit value 15 ~ 25 45 ~ 75 86 ~ 106
Arbitration measurement
20 ± 2 65 ± 5 86 ~ 106
23 ± 2 50 ± 5 86 ~ 106
a Applicable to devices for measuring mechanical quantity, weight, pressure and similar purposes.
b Applies to devices that measure electricity, temperature, humidity, and similar uses.
The test value shall be corrected under the standard reference atmospheric conditions listed in Table 1. The standard reference atmosphere is equivalent to the positive
Always refer to working conditions.
Note 1. There is no correction factor for humidity.
If the measurement is not satisfactory within the recommended environmental conditions, and the correction factor for adjusting the parameters to standard atmospheric conditions is unknown,
The measurement can be repeated under the conditions a or b listed in Table 1 or other reference operating conditions determined by the manufacturer (arbitration measurement).
Note 2. Maintaining the basic test conditions within specified limits may require special equipment.
6.1.1 Recommended limits for test and measurement environmental conditions
Electromagnetic field. if involved, the value should be specified.
The maximum allowable rate of change of ambient temperature during the test is 1 ℃/10min, but shall not exceed 3 ℃/h.
6.2 Supply conditions
6.2.1 Reference value
This value is specified by the manufacturer.
6.2.2 Tolerance
In addition to the user and manufacturer agreeing to adopt other tolerances, the following tolerances should be used.
power supply.
--- Rated voltage. ± 1%;
--- Rated frequency. ± 1%;
--- Harmonic distortion (AC power). < 5%;
--- Ripple (DC power supply). < 0.1%.
Note. This tolerance does not apply to devices with their own power supply (such as battery power). The tolerance of the battery-powered device is determined by the user in consultation with the manufacturer.
Gas source.
--- Rated pressure. ± 1%;
--- Air source temperature. ambient temperature ± 2 ℃;
--- Air supply humidity. the dew point is at least 10 ℃ lower than the device body temperature;
--- Oil and dust content.
Oil. less than 1 × 10-6 of weight;
Dust. No dust particles larger than 3μm in diameter.
Fluid source (for chemical analyzer and flow meter).
--- Flow rate is the average of the maximum and minimum flow rate specified by the manufacturer, the temperature should be maintained within ± 2 ℃ of the appropriate temperature.
6.3 Load conditions
The load value in the assessment shall be.
a) Electric device.
--- The minimum load conditions specified by the manufacturer;
--- The maximum load conditions specified by the manufacturer.
b) Pneumatic device.
Unless otherwise specified by the manufacturer and/or implemented in accordance with the relevant standards, the device connected to the small container during normal operation shall output
Connect a 20mm3 container to a rigid tube with an inner diameter of 4mm and a length of 8m. Flow and pressure should be limited to the regulations of the device
Within limits.
Special devices (for example, positioners) may require other load containers that can represent typical working conditions.
6.4 Installation location
According to the manufacturer's installation instructions, install the device under test in a specified normal position, the allowable error is within ± 3 °.
Where possible, use the mounting bracket provided with the device.
The device should be covered with all covers.
6.5 External vibration
The installation of the device shall prevent the device from being affected by external vibration during the test.
6.6 External mechanical constraints
In addition to the mounting parts recommended by the manufacturer, there should be no other external mechanical constraints. Electrical and piping should be connected in a flexible manner.
6.7 Selection of samples
6.7.1 Guidelines
The criteria mentioned in 5.2 (economic factors) should be considered when selecting the device under test.
The test of measuring one sample in a batch of devices, in order to make the measurement results have a good approximation and effective for the entire batch of devices,
The selected sample should be representative of its original batch device.
The sampling plan and the criteria for selecting samples depend on and should conform to the test purpose and test type.
6.7.2 Select program
The method of selecting the device under test shall be decided by the manufacturer and the buyer in accordance with the following relevant test types.
a) Performance evaluation and type test.
--- These tests only measure one device, which can be extracted from the production line or from the manufacturer's warehouse;
--- The device under test should be a typical product, that is, it cannot be specially selected or recalibrated before delivery.
b) Routine test.
--- Routine tests should be carried out on each device during or after manufacture, so there is no need to consider the selection procedure;
--- Special sampling techniques can be used through prior consultations between the parties involved.
c) Sampling test.
--- Sampling test is a random selection of several representative devices for testing by the test personnel. Sampling test recommended
The sampling method described in IEC 60410.
6.8 Delivery of the device under test
The device under test should be sent to the test site together with accessories and instructions after normal packaging.
6.9 Identification and inspection
After the device is sent to the test site, it should be stored in suitable environmental conditions together with the packaging, and then taken out before the test program is implemented
Perform debugging.
Visually inspect the device and outer packaging for damage during transportation. The test report should address whether the packaging is appropriate and issued during the delivery process
Make an evaluation of the current device defects and other conditions.
The mark or nameplate of the device under test shall be used as the identification mark.
7 General test procedures and related matters
7.1 Test organization
The institution undertaking the test shall be approved by the national benchmarking authority in charge of benchmarking. It is impossible to achieve a recognized professional test
Exceptions, but this situation should be stated in the test report.
7.2 Test preparation
Before starting the test, the test procedure and the measures to be taken in the event of an accident should be agreed. The test personnel should first read the device
Instructions, then install and debug the device according to the manufacturer's instructions. For special equipment, the supplier can usually be invited to debug.
If required by the test program, the test report should be evaluated.
7.3 Selection of reference measurement equipment
7.3.1 Guidelines
The measuring instruments with reasonable price-performance ratio and accurate measurement (according to accuracy and reliability) on the market should be selected.
7.3.2 Uncertainty of measurement system
The rated accuracy of the reference measurement system should be higher than the rated accuracy of the device under test.
The uncertainty of the test measurement system should not exceed 1/4 of the specified error limit of the device under test.
The uncertainty of the measurement system should be calculated according to the relevant standards and should be included in each final test report
(See GB/T 18271.4-2017).
When the value of the uncertainty of the measurement system is known, the uncertainty caused by the measurement system in the test measurement results should be corrected.
Note. When using a measuring instrument that expresses the specified inaccuracy as a percentage of the range, if an instrument with a specified inaccuracy of ± 0.1% of the range is used to measure the test subject
The output of the device, and this output signal is only 1/3 of the scale of the reference measuring instrument, the actual inaccuracy within the effective range of the instrument used can reach
± 0.3%, so it may not be suitable for many occasions.
7.3.3 Traceability
The measuring instruments should be regularly calibrated against the instruments or procedures with the corresponding national benchmark traceability according to the requirements of the national benchmarking authority
Accreditation and verification.
7.4 Quality of input variables
The input variable signal should not contain any extraneous noise that may significantly affect the test results.
In cases where noise and/or vibration cannot be eliminated, efforts should be made to minimize its impact.
For example, in the flow test, in order to make the measurement results with reliable accuracy and repeatability, each flow may need to be measured several times.
7.5 Tap
Only when required by the test program can tap or vibrate the device under test. The test program may require tapping and non-tapping the device under test
Test to determine its impact.
7.6 Calibration at delivery
Except that the device is not calibrated before delivery and needs to be calibrated by the user, when the device is delivered to the test site, the test personnel should verify the device's input.
Input-output characteristics (only one measurement cycle is required). After that, if no abnormal situation occurs, the calibration value shall not be changed (see 7.7).
7.7 Test sequence
The order of the tests should be designed, and the tests that may have an irreversible effect on the performance of the device under test and those that may be destructive
Tests (for example, vibration, accelerated life, over-range or over-voltage tests) are carried out at the end.
If an unexpected situation occurs, after consultation with the supplier and the user, the device under test can be recalibrated before proceeding with the test (see 5.5).
7.8 Interruption and duration of each group of measurements
In order to avoid the medium- and long-term effects caused by the instability of the device under test or the impact of obvious changes in environmental conditions,
Each set of measurements should be completed within the shortest reasonable time and must not be interrupted (see 5.3.2).
7.9 Abnormal conditions and faults during the test
7.9.1 General
During the test, if an unexpected event, abnormal performance or failure occurs in the device under test, the test personnel shall make a record in the test report and write
Specify the relevant reasons and measures taken.
7.9.2 Procedure
For performance evaluation and type testing, if the tester has the ability to repair according to the instructions, he can also ask the manufacturer to deal with it. If repair
After the treatment, there are other abnormal conditions or failures, and the corresponding measures should be taken after consultation with the manufacturer and the user. The planned test should
Interruption, only the test results that are not affected by the abnormal situation are valid.
For routine tests and sampling tests, the failed device shall continue to be tested after repair, or as agreed upon in relation to such tests
Procedures to be eliminated (see 7.2).
7.10 Restart of testing
After the test is interrupted, whether the test should be continued or restarted should be considered according to the test criteria and the specific conditions of the fault or abnormality that occurred.
In the case of restarting the assessment after troubleshooting and repair, it is recommended to re-measure from the beginning, because before the failure occurs, the original
The measurements made may have been affected by the evolving failure.
If abnormal conditions or malfunctions are caused by improper disposal of the device under test, the original measurement results should not be included in the test report.
7.11 Adjuster settings
Although all filters and damping regulators on the device under test do not belong to the test object, they may affect the progress of the test. Therefore, according to the test
The outline or manufacturer's instruction manual should be set, or the possible impact will be minimized.
See GB/T 18271.2-2017 for the setting of the above-mentioned regulator in a specific test.
7.12 preset
7.12.1 Guidelines
The device under test shall be pre-adjusted so that the temp......
......
Source: Above contents are excerpted from the PDF -- translated/reviewed by: www.chinesestandard.net / Wayne Zheng et al.
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