GB/T 18006.3-2020 PDF in English
GB/T 18006.3-2020 (GB/T18006.3-2020, GBT 18006.3-2020, GBT18006.3-2020)
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General requirement of degradable disposable tableware
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Standards related to (historical): GB/T 18006.3-2020
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GB/T 18006.3-2020: PDF in English (GBT 18006.3-2020) GB/T 18006.3-2020
GB
NATIONAL STANDARD OF THE
PEOPLE’S REPUBLIC OF CHINA
ICS 97.040.60
Y 28
Partially replacing GB/T 18006.1-2009
General Requirement of Degradable Disposable
Tableware
ISSUED ON: NOVEMBER 09, 2020
IMPLEMENTED ON: DECEMBER 31, 2020
Issued by: State Administration for Market Regulation;
Standardization Administration of PRC.
Table of Contents
Foreword ... 3
1 Scope ... 5
2 Normative References ... 5
3 Terms and Definitions ... 6
4 Classification ... 7
5 Technical Requirements ... 7
6 Test Method ... 12
7 Inspection Rules ... 15
8 Packaging Label, Packaging, Transportation and Storage ... 17
General Requirement of Degradable Disposable
Tableware
1 Scope
This Part specifies the definitions and terms, classification, technical requirements, test
methods, inspection rules, and product packaging and marking, packaging,
transportation, and storage requirements for degradable disposable tableware.
This Part is applicable to the degradable disposable tableware made from various raw
materials such as resin, starch, plant fibre, etc., as defined in 3.3; and also, is
applicable to other degradable disposable tableware food contact layers covered or
coated with or compounded with biodegradable plastic films or sheets.
This Part is not applicable to paper tableware such as paper cups and paper bowls.
2 Normative References
The following documents are essential to the application of this document. For the
dated documents, only the versions with the dates indicated are applicable to this
document; for the undated documents, only the latest version (including all the
amendments) is applicable to this document.
GB/T 462 Paper and Board - Determination of Moisture Content
GB/T 2828.1 Sampling Procedures for Inspection by Attribute - Part1: Sampling
Schemes Indexed by Acceptance Quality Limit (AQL) for Lot-by-Lot Inspection
GB/T 9345.1-2008 Plastics - Determination of Ash - Part 1: General Methods
GB/T 15337 General Rules for Atomic Absorption Spectrometric Analysis
GB/T 19276.1 Determination of the Ultimate Aerobic Biodegradability of Plastic
Materials in an Aqueous Medium - Method by Measuring the Oxygen Demand in
a Closed Respirometer
GB/T 19276.2 Determination of the Ultimate Aerobic Biodegradability of Plastic
Materials in an Aqueous Medium - Method by Analysis of Evolved Carbon Dioxide
GB/T 19277.1 Determination of the Ultimate Aerobic Biodegradability of Plastic
NOTE: Simple compounds, such as carbon dioxide (CO2) or/and methane (CH4), water (H2O)
and so on.
3.2 Disposable tableware
Utensils intended for meals or similar purposes, including disposable food boxes,
plates, dishes, knives, forks, spoons, chopsticks, bowls, cups, barrels, jars, pots, lids,
etc.; and disposable inner-lining tableware with external support; as well as includes
food packaging for dining or similar purposes. However, it does not include food
packaging materials that are not intended for meals or similar purposes, such as fresh
food trays, yogurt cups, jelly cups, etc.; and food packaging materials that are only
used for food preservation, display, storage, and sealing, such as biscuit backing, cake
boxes, etc.
3.3 Degradable disposable tableware
Disposable tableware (3.2) made of biodegradable (3.1) materials.
4 Classification
The degradable disposable tableware specified in this Part can be divided into heat-
resistant and heat-labile degradable disposable tableware according to the degree of
heat resistance during use.
5 Technical Requirements
5.1 Appearance
The appearance shall comply with the following requirements:
a) Normal colour;
b) There shall be no cracks and filling defects;
c) No oil, dust, mildew and other foreign matter on the surface;
d) The surface is flat and clean, with uniform texture, no scratches, no wrinkles, no
peeling or delamination, no cracks, no perforations;
e) Coloured tableware must not have obvious discoloration, fading, uneven colour
(except for decoration requirements), stains, etc.;
f) If the surface of the tableware is painted, there shall be no sagging, peeling,
cracking, blistering, etc. on the painted surface;
The half-folding test of the lid only has requirements for degradable disposable
tableware with one-piece lid and container; and there are no requirements for those
tableware that are two-piece lid and container, or lid-free, such as food boxes, bowls,
cups, plates, dishes, knives, forks, spoons, chopsticks, etc.
5.3.5 Heat resistance
5.3.5.1 Hot-water resistance
After the hot-water resistance test, it shall not be deformed, peeled, or wrinkled; and
the tableware with container function shall not be deformed, infiltrated or leaked.
The two tested samples shall be no obvious deformation, infiltration and leakage, either.
The hot-water resistance test only has requirements for degradable disposable
tableware that may contain hot vegetables, hot foods and hot drinks, such as boxes,
cups, bowls, etc.; it has no requirements for the degradable disposable tableware that
do not require heat-resistance, such as plates, dishes, knives, forks, spoons,
chopsticks, lids, etc.; it also has no requirements for the degradable disposable
tableware that are labelled heat-labile.
Degradable disposable tableware made of materials that are heat-labile, including
foamed and non-foamed tableware, shall be clearly marked with the highest heat-
resistant temperature. The hot-water resistance test shall be carried out according to
the marked temperature during the test. If there is no mark, it shall be uniformly tested
as the heat-resistant degradable disposable tableware.
5.3.5.2 Hot-oil resistance
After the hot-oil resistance test, it shall not be deformed, peeled, or wrinkled; and for
the tableware with container function, it shall not infiltrate or leak.
The two tested samples shall be no obvious deformation, infiltration and leakage, either.
The hot-oil resistance test only has requirements for degradable disposable tableware
that contains hot vegetables and hot foods, such as boxes and bowls, etc; it has no
requirements for the degradable disposable tableware that do not require hot-oil
resistance, such as plates, dishes, knives, forks, chopsticks, cups, etc.; it also has no
requirements for the degradable disposable tableware that are labelled heat-labile.
5.3.6 Water leakage
For degradable disposable tableware that have the function of containing liquids, such
as boxes, bowls, cups, etc., no water shall leak after the test.
Test two samples, and there must be no leakage.
The volatile solid content shall be ≥51%.
5.7 Degradability
The degradability shall meet the following requirements at the same time:
a) The relative biodegradation rate shall be ≥90%, and the biodegradation rate of
organic components with components ≥1% in the material shall be ≥60%.
b) If the degradable tableware is composed of a mixture or a composite of multiple
materials, the organic ingredients with a component content of < 1% shall also be
biodegradable, but proof of biodegradability may not be provided, and the total
amount of each component shall be < 5 %.
NOTE: The biodegradability of organic ingredients with a component content of < 1% can
provide corresponding product inspection reports or enterprise self-declaration.
5.8 Compostable degradability
5.8.1 Biodegradation rate
The biodegradation rate shall meet the following requirements at the same time:
a) The relative biodegradation rate shall be ≥90%, and the biodegradation rate of
organic components with components ≥1% in the material shall be ≥60%.
b) If the degradable tableware is composed of a mixture or a composite of multiple
materials, the organic ingredients with a component content of < 1% shall also be
biodegradable, but proof of biodegradability may not be provided, and the total
amount of each component shall be < 5 %.
5.8.2 Disintegration rate
The disintegration rate shall be ≥90%.
5.8.3 Ecotoxicity
The ratio of plant germination rate to plant biomass shall be ≥90%.
NOTE: Composability is only required when the degradable disposable tableware is declared
to be compostable. Degradability is a manifestation of the degradation ability of degradable
tableware under different environmental conditions. The detection method can be compost,
water environment, soil and other conditions, but compostable mainly means that degradable
tableware can be completely degraded under composting conditions.
During the test, take three samples for inspection; and take the average of the three
samples' inspection results as the final inspection result.
6.9 Content of heavy metals and specific elements
6.9.1 Heavy metal content
The sample is digested by high-pressure system microwave; and then tested by an
atomic absorption spectrometer according to GB/T 15337; or tested by a quadrupole
inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometer according to GB/T 37837. During the
arbitration, testing shall be conducted in accordance with GB/T 15337.
6.9.2 Fluorine content
The sample quartz sand is mixed in a combustion boat; cover with an appropriate
amount of quartz sand; and calcine in a high-temperature furnace at 1250°C for 15
min under the condition of injecting water vapor and oxygen; and the condensate is
collected. The fluorine content test is performed with a plasma chromatograph.
6.10 Volatile solid content
Volatile solid content is tested according to Method A specified in GB/T 9345.1-2008,
and the test temperature is 550°C.
6.11 Degradability
The biodegradation rate is tested according to GB/T 19277.1 or GB/T 19277.2 or GB/T
19276.1 or GB/T 19276.2 or GB/T 22047 or GB/T 32106 or GB/T 33797.
If necessary for arbitration, test according to GB/T 19277.1.
6.12 Compostable degradability
6.12.1 Biodegradation rate
The biodegradation rate is tested according to GB/T 19277.1.
6.12.2 Disintegration rate
The disintegration rate is tested according to GB/T 19811.
6.12.3 Ecotoxicity test
According to the provisions of 6.4.4 in GB/T 28206-2011, OECD 208 and revised
Appendix E in EN 13432:2000, the test is carried out. The plant budding rate and plant
biological mass of the test sample compost against the blank compost (not tested or
added reference substance in the test) test, which is at least 90%.
7 Inspection Rules
7.1 Batch
Products are checked and accepted in batches. The batch of products produced
continuously with the same batch of raw materials, the same specifications, the same
formula, and the same process shall not exceed 15 tons.
7.2 Classification of inspection
7.2.1 Exit-factory inspection
The exit-factory inspection items include appearance, structure and use performance.
7.2.2 Type inspection
Type inspection items are all items in the requirements except for degradation
performance. In one of the following situations, type inspection shall be carried out:
a) The first batch of production;
b) When the variety of raw materials, product structure, production process or
equipment changes;
c) There is a big difference between the exit-factory inspection result and the last
type inspection result;
d) When production is stopped for more than 6 months and resumed;
e) When continuous production for one year;
f) When required by the relevant national quality supervision department.
7.3 Sampling plan
7.3.1 Appearance and structure
The secondary normal sampling plan of GB/T 2828.1 is adopted. The inspection level
(IL) is the general inspection level II; and the acceptance quality limit (AQL) is 6.5. The
samples and judgment arrays are shown in Table 2. Each unit of packaging is regarded
as a sample unit; and the unit packaging can be a box, a bag, a piece, etc.
During the test, randomly select a product from each unit of packaging as a sample for
inspection.
7.4.1.2 Use performance
The use performance is judged according to 5.3; if all the index inspection results are
all qualified, then the item shall be judged to be qualified. If there are unqualified items,
double samples shall be taken from the original batch to re-inspect the unqualified
items, when the re-inspection results are all qualified, the item is judged to be qualified;
otherwise, the item is judged to be unqualified.
7.4.1.3 Water content
If the water content is unqualified, a double sample shall be taken from the original
batch for re-inspection. If all the re-inspection results are qualified, the item shall be
judged to be qualified; otherwise, the item shall be judged to be unqualified.
7.4.1.4 Degradability
The Degradability of degradable disposable tableware is judged according to 5.7. If
the test result is qualified, it shall be judged to be qualified; if it is unqualified, the
degradation performance shall be judged to be unqualified.
7.4.2 Judgment of qualified batches
If the inspection results of all inspection items are all qualified, then the batch is judged
to conform to this Part.
8 Packaging Label, Packaging, Transportation and
Storage
8.1 Packaging label
The minimum sales package is accompanied by an explanatory label and shall at least
indicate the following:
a) Number of this Part;
b) Product name (degradable environmental conditions + specific product name),
type, and material;
c) The name and address of the manufacturer, batch number or production date,
and contact information of the manufacturer;
d) If the product claims to be resistant to high temperature or heat, it shall be marked
with the highest resistant temperature;
e) The types of food that can be contacted shall be marked;
......
Source: Above contents are excerpted from the PDF -- translated/reviewed by: www.chinesestandard.net / Wayne Zheng et al.
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