HOME   Cart(0)   Quotation   About-Us Tax PDFs Standard-List Powered by Google www.ChineseStandard.net Database: 189759 (9 Feb 2025)

GB/T 15970.1-2018 PDF English


Search result: GB/T 15970.1-2018 English: PDF (GB/T15970.1-2018)
Standard IDContents [version]USDSTEP2[PDF] delivered inName of Chinese StandardStatus
GB/T 15970.1-2018English150 Add to Cart 0-9 seconds. Auto-delivery. Corrosion of metals and alloys -- Stress corrosion testing -- Part 1: General guidance on testing procedures Valid
GB/T 15970.1-1995English559 Add to Cart 3 days Corrosion of metals and alloys-Stress corrosion testing. Part 1: General guidance on testing procedures Obsolete
BUY with any currencies (Euro, JPY, GBP, KRW etc.): GB/T 15970.1-2018     Related standards: GB/T 15970.1-2018

PDF Preview: GB/T 15970.1-2018


GB/T 15970.1-2018: PDF in English (GBT 15970.1-2018)

GB/T 15970.1-2018 Corrosion of metals and alloys--Stress corrosion testing--Part 1. General guidance on testing procedures ICS 77.060 H25 National Standards of People's Republic of China Replace GB/T 15970.1-1995 Corrosion stress corrosion test of metals and alloys Part 1. General rules for test methods Part 1. Generalguidanceontestingprocedures (ISO 7539-1.2012, IDT) Published on.2018-05-14 Implementation of.2019-02-01 State market supervision and administration China National Standardization Administration issued Foreword GB/T 15970 "Corrosion Stress Corrosion Test for Metals and Alloys" has been or is planned to be released as follows. --- Part 1. General rules for test methods; --- Part 2. Preparation and application of curved beam specimens; --- Part 3. Preparation and application of U-shaped bending specimens; --- Part 4. Preparation and application of uniaxially loaded tensile specimens; ---Part 5. Preparation and application of C-ring specimens; ---Part 6. Preparation and application of pre-crack specimens under constant load and constant displacement; ---Part 7. Slow strain rate test; ---Part 8. Preparation and application of welding specimens; ---Part 9. Preparation and application of pre-cracked specimens under incremental or incremental displacement; ---Part 10. Reverse U-bend test method; --- Part 11. Guide to hydrogen embrittlement and hydrogen induced cracking of metals and alloys. This part is the first part of GB/T 15970. This part is drafted in accordance with the rules given in GB/T 1.1-2009. This part replaces GB/T 15970.1-1995 "Corrosion stress corrosion test of metals and alloys - Part 1 then". Compared with GB/T 15970.1-1995, the main technical changes are as follows. --- Added a description of the solution flow rate in the test environment of Chapter 6; --- Added a description of the time correlation of Chapter 7; --- Added the description of welding specimens in the design and manufacture of specimens in Chapter 8; --- Added Appendix A to the selection of mechanical test methods. This section uses the translation method equivalent to the international standard ISO 7539-1.2012 "Corrosion Stress Corrosion Test of Metals and Alloys" Part 1. General Rules for Test Methods. This part was proposed by the China Iron and Steel Association. This part is under the jurisdiction of the National Steel Standardization Technical Committee (SAC/TC183). This section was drafted by. China Aviation Aviation Beijing Aviation Materials Research Institute, Metallurgical Industry Information Standards Institute, Beijing University of Science and Technology, China Branch Institute of Metals. The main drafters of this section. Zhang Xiaoyun, Hou Jie, Li Xiaogang, Wang Zhenduo, Li Qian, Chang Wei. The previous versions of the standards replaced by this section are. ---GB/T 15970.1-1995. Corrosion stress corrosion test of metals and alloys Part 1. General rules for test methods 1 Scope 1.1 This part of GB/T 15970 specifies general considerations for the design and evaluation of metal stress corrosion susceptibility tests and assessments. 1.2 This section also sets out general guidelines for the selection of test methods. Note 1. The details of the specific test methods are not described in this section. These methods are described in other parts of ISO 7539. Note 2. This section applies to cathodic protection conditions. 2 Terms and definitions The following terms and definitions apply to this document. 2.1 Stress corrosion stresscorrosion The combined action of metal corrosion and strain caused by applied or residual stress. 2.2 Critical stress (for stress corrosion) The minimum stress level required for stress corrosion initiation and expansion under specific test conditions. 2.3 Critical stress intensity factor (for stress corrosion) thresholdstressintensityfactor KISCC Above this stress intensity factor, the stress corrosion crack continues to expand. Note 1. The critical stress intensity factor is the concept of Linear Elastic Fracture Mechanics (LEFM), which is applicable to microstructures. When the size of the elastic region is larger, and the elastic deformation constraint is dominant, such as under the plane strain dominant condition. Expansion of stress corrosion cracking Exhibitions do not have to apply LEFM details, but are often used as a utility. Note 2. Stress corrosion cracks may originate from surface or surface defects and expand in the form of “short cracks” at stress levels below the surface critical stress intensity factor. exhibition. However, LEFM cannot be applied to "short crack" conditions, and the crack propagation requires a stress level higher than the critical stress intensity factor. 2.4 Test environment testenvironment The environment in which the sample is exposed can be either a use environment or a laboratory-prepared environment, which can be kept constant or agreed upon. Change. Note. The exposure environment required for stress corrosion of a particular material is often specific (see Chapter 6). 2.5 Start of test The moment when stress is applied or the sample is exposed to the test environment, regardless of the order in which they are applied, the latter shall prevail. 2.6 Crack initiation time crackinitiationtime The time from the start of the test to the detection of a crack by some means. 2.7 Expiration time timetofailure The time taken from the start of the test to the failure. The criterion for failure is the first occurrence of a crack or the overall separation of the specimen or an agreed intermediate condition. 2.8 Slow strain rate test slowstrainratetest A test for evaluating the stress corrosion susceptibility of metals, usually stretching the specimen at a constant displacement rate to a fracture in a representative environment, and then evaluating The price is its fracture sensitivity index. The strain rate is generally 10-5 s-1~10-7 s-1 in order to select the displacement rate. Note. The slow strain rate test can also be applied to curved specimens. 2.9 Fracture strain straintofailure In the slow strain rate test, the plastic strain is usually expressed to the strain at the time of the fracture, see ISO 7539-7. 2.10 Average crack growth rate averagecrackvelocity The quotient of the maximum crack depth and test time produced by stress corrosion. 2.11 Orientation The direction in which the tensile stress is applied to the sample in a particular direction relative to the product (used to prepare the sample) (ie, the rolling direction of the sheet). 3 background 3.1 It is generally believed that cracks are the result of stress corrosion, but under the action of stress, other forms, such as intergranular corrosion or crack propagation, may occur. exhibition. For the purposes of this section, all of which are caused by the corrosive environment and tensile stress in addition to the embrittlement and exfoliation corrosion of liquid metals. Phenomena, including the dissolution of metals or the action of hydrogen into metals, are within the scope of this section. 3.2 The methods used to evaluate metal stress corrosion properties are diverse. In some cases, each method has its own unique advantages. 3.3 The occurrence of stress corrosion depends on the exposure conditions and the mechanical properties and microscopic characteristics of the material. Stress corrosion is sensitive or not, it needs to be combined Comprehensive judgment of materials and working conditions. Therefore, there is no fixed critical stress intensity factor for the material. 3.4 Ideally, to determine if stress corrosion occurs under the given application conditions, under all possible service exposure conditions Perform a simulation test. In fact, this is difficult, even if it is possible. Some "standard tests" established based on experience can be given Reasonable guidance for possible service behavior in special applications. However, these laboratory "standard tests" are only suitable for those with empirical relationships. Conditions of Use. a test that was useful for an alloy in the past, and now a given alloy passes or fails the test, the result can be It makes sense or doesn't make sense. If the exposure conditions are different, a test that correctly distinguishes the behavior between a given alloy may not be able to For reliable guidance. The use of standard tests that go beyond experience requires a sufficient basis. 3.5 Special care should be taken in the following clauses. Stress corrosion processes may be sensitive to small changes in exposure or test conditions. Material user Responsible for the selection of stress corrosion test conditions. It does not actually mean that the tests described in this section are the most in any given situation. suitable. The reason for describing these tests in this section is that they are widely used and have a special or common equipment-environment system. effect. The right to interpret the results of the test belongs to the material user and its interpretation is never weakened by the existence of this part. 3.6 In addition to the widest range of uses in ISO 7539, the choice of test details and the interpretation of the results are also required. Consider more general documentation. 4 Selection of test methods 4.1 Before proceeding with the stress corrosion test plan, it should be decided which type of test is appropriate. Such decisions are mainly determined by the purpose of the test and The information you need. Some tests are valuable to plant engineers and attempt to repeat service conditions as much as possible, while others can be used to make losses. Research on the mechanism of action. In the former, due to limitations in materials, space, time, etc., simpler test procedures can be used; in other cases, More complex test steps may be required. Thus, the study of crack growth rate can use pre-cracked samples, and when Pre-cracked specimens may not be suitable for surface roughness effects. Although there are many complicated techniques, when finer techniques cannot be used, Using simple tests has proven to be of great value in some cases. 4.2 When selecting the pass/fail test method, it is important to recognize that the selected method should not be too harsh, otherwise it will lead to the original Materials used for specific conditions of use cannot be used; they should not be too tolerant, otherwise the material may be allowed in situations where rapid damage may occur. use. 4.3 The purpose of stress corrosion testing is often to provide information faster than service conditions, while at the same time predicting service behavior. Achieve the purpose The most common means are the use of higher stress, slow continuous deformation, pre-cracked specimens, test loops containing higher concentrations of chemicals than in service environments. Environment, temperature increase and electrochemical acceleration. However, it is important to control these methods so that the details of the failure mechanism do not change. 4.4 If it is too difficult to reproduce accurate service conditions, analyze the stress corrosion process and try to determine the main factors that work at different stages. The factors will be very useful. However, the stress corrosion test selected may only include one step of the corrosion mechanism. 4.5 See Appendix A for a brief guide to the selection of test methods. 5 loading system 5.1 Overview 5.1.1 Whether it is a smooth specimen, a notched specimen or a pre-cracked specimen, it can be loaded in the following three forms. a) constant strain (see 5.2); b) constant load (see 5.3); c) Slow strain rate (see 5.4). 5.1.2 When pre-cracked specimens are used, the critical conditions are determined by the stress intensity value KISCC and the test can also be carried out under constant stress strength conditions. Understanding the limitations of different methods is just as important as the choice of loading form. 5.2 Constant strain test 5.2.1 Since various forms of bending tests fall into this category, constant strain testing has been the most popular type of test to date. In addition, this Class tests often simulate stresses associated with service failures. 5.2.2 Thin plates are usually tested by bending method. The thick plates are stretched or tested in the form of a C-ring. Pipe and other round cross-section semi-finished products It can also be tested with a C-ring. 5.2.3 The advantage of the bending test is that the sample is simple, and the sample and the loading jig are inexpensive to process. During the test, the plasticity of the sample is deformed into a U-shape or The 2, 3, or 4 point bending jig applies a bending stress or a stress lower than the bending stress to the sample. For materials with discrete yield points, When the stress applied by the test is higher than the yield stress level, the elastic theory can be used to calculate the stress. More generally, especially for corrosion resistance Gold, the discrete yield point is not observed, it is necessary to attach a strain gauge to the surface of the specimen until the curved specimen reaches the expected total strain level (usually high To the maximum of 0.2% plastic strain). 5.2.4 The pipe is tested in a C-ring or O-ring type. The C-ring applies stress according to the degree of opening or closing of the opening, O-type. The ring applies a force by forcibly inserting a plug that is suitably larger than the ring hole. C-ring to thick product form, such as aluminum alloy in short transverse direction Also especially suitable. 5.2.5 Because the initial stress is more easily characterized and the bending specimen should take into account the stress gradient in the thickness direction of the specimen, sometimes the constant strain tensile test Better than bending test. 5.2.6 Tethered frames shall be used for both bending and tensile tests, and the frame stiffness shall be sufficient to maintain a constant test during the test. Displacement. Note. Because of the stress relaxation, the stiffness of the frame used may also affect the cracking time of the specimen, not to mention any effect on the initial stress level. 5.2.7 The use of restraint frames can be avoided by using residual stress internal stress specimens due to uneven deformation. Residue of internal stress specimens The force can be produced by plastic bending (ie, creating a bulge in a thin or thick plate) or by welding. But such an experiment has an initial stress system. The problem of system deviation generally reaches a maximum in the yield stress zone. Further, introducing residual stress by protruding the plate or flattening the tube portion In the process, the rebound may cause problems. Structural changes involved in welding may make the test more difficult, unless the test is a simulation of the actual Happening. 5.2.8 Sometimes a constant total deformation specimen is initially placed on a conventional testing machine or similar device and then loaded with a restraining frame. Hold it to maintain its strain conditions. When the load applied by the testing machine is removed, the specimen is bound by the frame to maintain the stress, and the restraint is assumed When the inspection machine is transferred to the frame, the strain of the sample remains constant. A strain gauge can be used to confirm that the sample is free of stress relaxation. When entering at high temperatures Material testing should be considered as a function of temperature. 5.2.9 Due to the creep of the material, when the sample is thinned or cracks are formed, the deformation of the open deformation may occur. Note 1. Creep relaxation is obvious at high temperatures, but in some cases (such as duplex stainless steel) creep creep is also obvious at room temperature. The relaxation process should be evaluated before the test. Degree, considering the constant total strain of the test, recognize that dynamic plastic strain is an intrinsic feature of any transient creep. Note 2. It is best to evaluate the thickness reduction of the sample at the end of the test in order to evaluate the extent of the actual stress increase and to indicate any uneven thickness reduction. Note 3. The crack is opened and the degree of stress relaxation depends on the number of crack formation, ie material-environment sensitivity. In some cases, stress relaxation may result in The sample will not break, so check for cracks after the test. If there is a crack, it will be considered invalid. 5.3 Constant load test 5.3.1 Such tests may better simulate stress corrosion damage due to external or working stresses. In addition, due to crack propagation As the force increases, the test may fail earlier or fail completely than the constant strain test (see 5.2). 5.3.2 When performing the static and heavy loading test on a sample with a relatively large cross section, a test machine with a large carrying capacity is usually required, and a compression spring can be used. load. At this point, the characteristics of the spring should be properly selected to ensure that the slack generated during the test does not significantly change the load. Tensile test The improved detection loop used in the machine calibration is the same type as described above. From the change in the diameter of the measuring correction ring, it can be determined that the tensile specimen is added to the ring. Axial load. 5.3.3 Another means of reducing the size of the loading system is to reduce the cross-section of the sample, for example using very thin wires. However, unless it can pass Metallographic analysis assumes that failure is caused by stress corrosion cracking, otherwise there will be a risk of excessive cross section reduction. This is because of some stress rot In an erosive environment, the effective stress increases due to pitting or other forms of erosion, and fracture occurs when the ultimate tensile strength of the metal is reached. Adopt non Samples with very small cross sections can be accompanied by other hazards (see 8.2.2). 5.3.4 On a separate test machine, under constant load, the test cost of the test specimen can be tested by means of a series of test specimens on a test machine. And lower. This method of operation also reduces the amount of test container required. A series of uniaxial tensile specimens are connected with a simple loading link, but the measure The application is more suitable for applications where it is not expected to break, as the breakage of a single sample will invalidate the remaining samples. a more consistent set of pre-crack tests In the same way, the connecting rod is designed to make the sample gradually unload, and when the crack spreads, it avoids interference with other samples, while other methods cannot avoid. The user of such a sample strand should demonstrate that cracking of a single specimen does not invalidate other specimens. 5.3.5 The use of tensile specimens with a tapered length gauge provides a range of initial stresses on a single specimen. However, it should be used with caution This method, for example, when accurately determining the critical stress value. The stress gradient is the key, and the number of cracks and the yield of the net section will also affect the test. result. In the "screening" test, it is more appropriate to use such a sample, and a more precise routine test after the "screening" test. 5.3.6 When the crack propagates, the constant load test has a situation of increased stress. Therefore, once the crack is initiated, it is constant below the critical stress. Compared to the total strain test, the probability of crack propagation is smaller. 5.4 Slow strain rate test 5.4.1 Because dynamic plastic strain is a key factor in crack initiation and propagation, the application of slow dynamic strain for constant total strain Or constant load testing is important. Indeed, in constant strain or constant load tests, local dynamic strain plays an important role in the cracking process. Nonetheless, when recognizing the mechanical meaning of the process, for engineering purposes, the method is still routinely used for classification or screening tests. very There are few exceptions because there is no acceptable criterion based on the slow strain rate test and it is difficult to find the actual strain rate quantified under service conditions. slow Strain rate methods are commonly used for flat tensile specimen testing, but are also used for pre-cracked specimens (see ISO 7539-9 for determining critical stress strength). Factor) In essence, the method is applied to the sample at a slower strain or deformation rate (eg 10-6 s-1), under the influence of a suitable environment until The break occurred. 5.4.2 The early application of this test method is to provide data that can be compared to corrosion inhibitors such as alloy composition, microstructure or cracking environment. The role of the quantity, for alloys and environmental combinations that do not cause damage in constant load or constant total strain laboratory tests, this test method also Promotes stress corrosion cracking, so that in a sense the slow strain rate test becomes a more demanding type of test, ie in the laboratory, Slow strain rate tests often promote stress corrosion cracking when his type of forceful smooth specimen does not promote cracking. 5.4.3 The equipment for the slow strain rate test is a simple device with a strain rate that is optional, powerful, and capable of withstanding the generated load. The equipment Driven by a medium-rigid frame and a series of reduction gears with beam displacement speeds ranging from 10-3mm/s to 10-8mm/s Mechanical composition. The beam displacement rate is typically controlled to a given nominal strain rate. The sample is a smooth or pre-cracked tensile specimen. However, if the sample has a large cross section or a high load, a curved specimen can be used. Note. In most tests using smooth tensile specimens, the displacement of the beam is measured rather than the displacement of the specimen. The corresponding measured displacement is included in the load Load all features on the chain in the slot. Therefore, the surface elastic modulus is independent of the sample, but as a whole depends on the test system. Again, on the sample The actual elastic strain also varies. However, when plastic deformation occurs, the displacement mainly occurs on the sample, and the sensitivity of the test system becomes insignificant. 5.4.4 It is important to recognize that in all systems, the same strain rate does not produce the same cracking sensitivity, and the selected rate Must be related to the specific system of research. Therefore, the strain rate of 10-6 s-1 is often used in screening tests. No stress occurred at this rate Corrosion cracking does not rule out the possibility of stress corrosion cracking at lower strain rates, such as 10-8 s-1. 6 Environmental aspects 6.1 Overview Stress corrosion cracking is generally considered to be a combination of specific alloys and environments (eg austenitic stainless steel with chloride solution, carbon steel and nitrate) Occurred under liquid, brass and aqueous ammonia. But this type of combination has prolonged over time, and in many environments, even high purity water, it has been observed. An example of cracking. Nevertheless, it is important to recognize that minor changes in environmental conditions are important and should be closely monitored during the testing process. Note the details of the preparation of the solution and the control of the environmental parameters. The three key characteristics of environmental control are temperature, solution chemistry and flow rate, the latter being one of the systems suitable for applying electrode potentials. factor. This section is mainly concerned with the water environment, and materials exposed to organic solutions or gaseous environments may also undergo stress corrosion cracking. Correct In the latter case, gas pressure and purity may be the main parameters. 6.2 Temperature It is well known that temperature has a significant effect on chemical processes, and the reaction rate generally increases with increasing temperature. Many corrosion processes are also like For this reason, there are many reasons to believe that the effects of temperature are more complicated. When the temperature rises, the reaction rate increases correspondingly due to the formation of a protective film. The speed is faster, but the corrosion rate is reduced. In other systems, elevated temperatures may be necessary for localized corrosion that causes stress corrosion. Piece, but the temperature is too high, which may increase the rate of localized corrosion so that the stress corrosion transition cannot occur. Similarly, the temperature rise can be It can also be affected by the decrease in dissolved oxygen in the solution. Therefore, there may be a temperature window of stress corrosion, and some temperature windows may Can exist transiently in the system process, including the system "start" and "stop" or when the system is unstable (such as cooling water failure Causes a transient increase in temperature). In view of the above, the test temperature should be strictly controlled, and the temperature expected in the service environment should be selected as much as possible. As described in 4.3, increasing the temperature sometimes speeds up the test process and should be used with care. 6.3 Aqueous solution 6.3.1 The chemical composition of the aqueous solution used in the test should be as close as possible to the intended service environment. However, the test is often used for screening purposes. Quasi-environment. Because the relative susceptibility of the alloy varies with the composition of the solution, it should be carefully selected in order to be able to represent the basic characteristics of the factory environment. in When simulating the service environment, it is important to keep in mind the local concentration increase, such as in the gap or where the interface heat transfer occurs, and the overall environment can be Can not cause stress corrosion. Therefore, it is necessary to simulate these features (such as gap samples) in the test. 6.3.2 In solution preparation, the quality of the base water depends on the application, such as the use of distilled or deionized water when preparing artificial seawater, but the simulation The boiling water in the reactor environment should be a high purity water with a conductivity of less than 0.1 μScm-1. It is important that at least the chemicals used to prepare the solution should be at least It is an analysis of pure level. When using concentrated solutions and monitoring chemical composition, it...... ......
 
Source: Above contents are excerpted from the PDF -- translated/reviewed by: www.chinesestandard.net / Wayne Zheng et al.