GB/T 14949.11-2021 PDF English
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Manganese ores -- Determination of carbon content -- Gravimetric method and infrared absorption method
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| GB/T 14949.11-1994 | English | 199 |
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Manganese ores. Determination of carbon dioxide content
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GB/T 14949.11-2021: PDF in English (GBT 14949.11-2021) GB/T 14949.11-2021
NATIONAL STANDARD OF THE
PEOPLE’S REPUBLIC OF CHINA
ICS 73.060.20
CCS D 32
Replacing GB/T 14949.11-1994
Manganese ores - Determination of carbon content -
Gravimetric method and infrared absorption method
ISSUED ON: AUGUST 20, 2021
IMPLEMENTED ON: MARCH 01, 2022
Issued by: State Administration for Market Regulation;
Standardization Administration of the People’s Republic of China.
Table of Contents
Foreword ... 3
Introduction ... 5
1 Scope ... 7
2 Normative references ... 7
3 Terms and definitions... 8
4 Method I: Gravimetric method ... 8
5 Method II: Infrared absorption method ... 12
6 Test report ... 17
Appendix A (Normative) Test result acceptance flow chart ... 18
Appendix B (Informative) Precision raw data ... 19
Manganese ores - Determination of carbon content -
Gravimetric method and infrared absorption method
Caution - Persons using this document shall be equipped with hands-on
experience in formal laboratory work. This document does not address all
possible safety issues. It is the responsibility of the user to take appropriate
safety and health measures and to ensure compliance with the conditions which
are set by the relevant national regulations.
1 Scope
This document specifies the determination of carbon content in manganese ores by
gravimetric method and infrared absorption method.
This document applies to the determination of carbon content in manganese ores.
Determination range (mass fraction): 0.02% ~ 5.00% for Method I; 0.02% ~ 9.00%
for Method II.
2 Normative references
The following documents, in whole or in part, are normatively referenced in this
document and are indispensable for its application. For dated references, only the
version corresponding to that date is applicable to this document; for undated
references, the latest version (including all amendments) is applicable to this
document.
GB/T 2011, Method of sampling and sample preparation of manganese ores in
bulk
GB/T 6379.1, Accuracy (trueness and precision) of measurement methods and
results - Part 1: General principles and definitions
GB/T 6379.2, Accuracy (trueness and precision) of measurement methods and
results - Part 2: Basic method for the determination of repeatability and
reproducibility of a standard measurement method
GB/T 6682, Water for analytical laboratory use - Specification and test methods
GB/T 8170, Rules of rounding off for numerical values & expression and
judgment of limiting values
3 Terms and definitions
No terms and definitions need to be defined in this document.
4 Method I: Gravimetric method
4.1 Principle
Use phosphoric acid to decompose the sample, with oxygen as the carrier gas; use
alkali asbestos to absorb carbon dioxide, and the gravimetric method to determine.
4.2 Reagents
Unless otherwise specified, use analytical reagents only.
4.2.1 Water, GB/T 6682, Grade III.
4.2.2 Chromium oxide.
4.2.3 Anhydrous copper sulfate, which is obtained by baking crystalline copper
sulfate (CuSO4•5H2O) at 180 ℃ ~ 200 ℃ for more than 3 h.
4.2.4 Anhydrous magnesium perchlorate, which shall be dried at 120 ℃ ~ 150 ℃
before being loaded into the absorption tube.
4.2.5 Alkali asbestos.
4.2.6 Sulfuric acid, ρ = 1.84 g/mL.
4.2.7 Phosphoric acid, ρ = 1.70 g/mL.
4.2.8 Oxygen, with a purity greater than 99.95%; other grades of oxygen can also be
used if a lower but consistent blank can be obtained.
4.3 Instruments and devices
See Figure 1 for the diagram of the analysis device for the gravimetric method.
slightly; keep it for 10 min, then, remove the electric hot plate (Figure 1A). During
this process, keep the air flow rate through the drying tube at 3 ~ 4 air bubbles per
second (Figure 1L); then, continue to maintain for 10 min to drive off the residual
carbon dioxide.
Close the piston of the absorption tube; remove the absorption tube (Figure 1J and
Figure 1K); place it in a desiccant-free desiccator in the balance chamber; place it for
30 min to equilibrate the temperature. Open the piston of the absorber tube (Figure
1J and Figure 1K), and close it immediately, to allow the internal pressure to
equilibrate atmospheric pressure. Weigh.
4.6 Calculation and presentation of results
4.6.1 Calculation of analysis results
Calculate the mass fraction wC of carbon according to Formula (1).
Where:
wC – mass fraction of carbon;
m – mass of the sample, in grams (g);
m0 – mass of carbon dioxide measured in the blank test, in grams (g);
m1 – mass of the absorption tube (Figure 1J and Figure 1K) before absorption, in
grams (g);
m2 – mass of the absorption tube (Figure 1J and Figure 1K) after absorption, in
grams (g);
K’ – 0.272 7, the conversion coefficient for converting carbon dioxide to carbon.
4.6.2 Determination and presentation of analysis results
If the absolute value of the difference between the two independent analysis results
of the same sample is not greater than the repeatability limit r, take the arithmetic
mean as the analysis result. If the absolute value of the difference between the two
independent analysis results is greater than the repeatability limit r, increase the
number of measurements and determine the analysis results in accordance with the
provisions of Appendix A.
Round off the analysis results according to GB/T 8170.
4.7 Precision
In this document, calculate the precision according to the statistical methods of GB/T
6379.1 and GB/T 6379.2; the precision of this method is shown in Table 2. See Table
B.1 in Appendix B for raw data.
5 Method II: Infrared absorption method
5.1 Principle
The sample is heated and burned in the oxygen flow of the high-frequency induction
furnace; the generated carbon dioxide is carried by the oxygen to the measuring
chamber of the infrared analyzer. The carbon dioxide absorbs infrared energy of a
certain wavelength; its absorption energy is proportional to its concentration. The
amount of carbon can be measured from the change in energy received by the
detector.
5.2 Reagents and materials
Unless otherwise specified, only use analytical reagents.
5.2.1 Water, GB/T 6682, Grade III.
5.2.2 Acetone, the carbon content of the residue after evaporation is less than 0.000
5%.
5.2.3 Magnesium perchlorate, anhydrous, granular.
5.2.4 Ascarite, granular.
5.2.5 Glass wool.
5.2.6 Tin particles, carbon content less than 0.002%, and particle size 0.4 mm ~ 0.8
mm. If necessary, use acetone (5.2.2) to clean the surface, and dry at room
temperature.
5.2.7 Pure iron, carbon content less than 0.002%, chip or granular.
5.2.8 Tungsten particles, carbon content less than 0.002%, and particle size 0.8 mm
~ 1.4 mm.
5.2.9 Oxygen, purity greater than 99.95%; oxygen of other purity can also be used if
a lower but consistent blank can be obtained.
6 – high-frequency induction furnace;
7 – combustion tube;
8 – dust collector;
10 – flow controller;
11 – converter for converting carbon monoxide to carbon dioxide;
12 – desulphurizer;
13 – carbon dioxide infrared detector.
Note: The caranalyzer provided with a carbon monoxide detection cell does not need
a converter for converting carbon monoxide to carbon dioxide.
Figure 2 – Diagram of infrared absorption caranalyzer
5.3.2 Gas source
5.3.2.1 The gas carrier system includes an oxygen container, a two-stage pressure
regulator and a sequential control part that ensures the supply of suitable pressure
and rated flow.
5.3.2.2 The power gas source system includes the power gas (5.2.10), a two-stage
pressure regulator and a sequential control part that ensures the supply of suitable
pressure and rated flow.
5.3.3 High-frequency induction furnace
The requirements for melting temperature of the sample shall be met.
5.3.4 Control system
5.3.4.1 Microprocessor system includes the central processing unit, memory,
keyboard input device, information center display screen, analysis result display
screen and analysis result printer, etc.
5.3.4.2 Control functions include automatic loading and unloading of crucibles and
lifting and drop of furnace table; automatic cleaning; selection and setting of analysis
conditions; monitoring, alarming and interruption of analysis process; collection,
calculation, correction and processing of analysis data.
5.3.5 Measuring system
It is mainly composed of an electronic balance controlled by a microprocessor, an
infrared analyzer and an electronic measuring element.
5.5.4.1 According to the carbon content of the sample to be tested, select the
corresponding range or channel, and select three standard samples of the same type
(the carbon content of the sample to be tested shall fall within the range of the
carbon content of the three selected standard samples) for calibration in sequence.
The fluctuation of the measured results shall be within the allowable error range, so
as to confirm the linearity of the system; otherwise, the linearity of the system shall
be adjusted according to the instrument manual.
5.5.4.2 For different ranges or channels, their blank values shall be measured and
corrected, respectively.
5.5.4.3 When the analysis conditions change, if the instrument has not been
preheated for 1 h, and the blank value of the oxygen source, crucible or flux has
changed, it is required to re-measure the blank and correct it.
5.5.5 Determination
5.5.5.1 According to the carbon content range of the sample to be tested, respectively
select the best analysis conditions of the instrument, such as the combustion
integration time of the instrument, the setting of the comparison level (or set
number), etc.
5.5.5.2 Place the weighed sample (5.5.1) evenly in the crucible (5.2.11) that is
pre-filled with 0.30 g ± 0.01 g of tin particles (5.2.6); cover with 0.50 g ± 0.01 g of
pure iron (5.2.7) and 1.20 g ± 0.01 g of tungsten particles (5.2.8); take the crucible
and place it on the crucible base of the furnace table; operate according to the
instrument manual; start the analysis and read the results.
5.6 Determination and presentation of analysis results
If the absolute value of the difference between the two independent analysis results
of the same sample is not greater than the repeatability limit r, take the arithmetic
mean as the analysis result. If the absolute value of the difference between the two
independent analysis results is greater than the repeatability limit r, increase the
number of measurements and determine the analysis results in accordance with the
provisions of Appendix A.
Round off the analysis results according to GB/T 8170.
5.7 Precision
In this document, calculate the precision according to the statistical methods of GB/T
6379.1 and GB/T 6379.2; the precision of this method is shown in Table 4. See Table
B.2 in Appendix B for raw data.
......
Source: Above contents are excerpted from the PDF -- translated/reviewed by: www.chinesestandard.net / Wayne Zheng et al.
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