GB/T 12157-2022 PDF English
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Determination of dissolved oxygen in water for industrial circulating cooling system and boiler
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| GB/T 12157-2007 | English | 359 |
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Water for industrial circulating cooling system and boiler -- Determination of dissolved oxygen
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Analysis of water used in boiler and cooling system--Determination for dissolved oxygen--Internal electrolysis
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GB/T 12157-2022: PDF in English (GBT 12157-2022) GB/T 12157-2022
GB
NATIONAL STANDARD OF THE
PEOPLE’S REPUBLIC OF CHINA
ICS 13.060.50;71.040.40
CCS G 76
Replacing GB/T 12157-2007
Determination of dissolved oxygen in water for industrial
circulating cooling system and boiler
ISSUED ON: MARCH 09, 2022
IMPLEMENTED ON: OCTOBER 01, 2022
Issued by: State Administration for Market Regulation;
Standardization Administration of the People's Republic of China.
Table of Contents
Foreword ... 3
1 Scope ... 5
2 Normative references ... 5
3 Terms and definitions ... 5
4 General ... 5
5 Iodometric method ... 6
6 Internal electrolysis method ... 9
7 Oxygen electrode method ... 15
Annex A (informative) Calculation method for temperature and pressure correction 18
Determination of dissolved oxygen in water for industrial
circulating cooling system and boiler
1 Scope
This document describes the method for the determination of dissolved oxygen in
industrial circulating cooling water, boiler feed water, and condensate water.
The iodometric method in this document is suitable for the determination of the mass
concentration of dissolved oxygen in industrial circulating cooling water ranging from
0.2mg/L to 8mg/L (as O2). The internal electrolysis method is suitable for the
determination of the mass concentration of dissolved oxygen in boiler feed water and
condensate water from 2μg/L to 100μg/L (as O2). The oxygen electrode method is
suitable for the determination of the mass concentration of dissolved oxygen in
industrial circulating cooling water and boiler water greater than 0.1μg/L (as O2).
2 Normative references
The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this
document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references,
the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
GB/T 601, Chemical reagent - Preparations of standard volumetric solutions
GB/T 603, Chemical reagent - Preparations of reagent solutions for use in test
methods
GB/T 6682-2008, Water for analytical laboratory use - Specification and test
methods
3 Terms and definitions
There are no terms and definitions that need to be defined in this document.
4 General
WARNING -- The strong acids and strong bases used in this document are
corrosive. Avoid inhalation or contact with skin when using. If it splashes to the
human body, rinse immediately with plenty of water. In severe cases, seek medical
attention immediately.
5.2.6 Standard titration solution of sodium thiosulfate: c(Na2S2O3)=0.01mol/L. After
preparation according to GB/T 601, dilute 10 times.
5.2.7 Potassium permanganate standard titration solution: .
After preparation according to GB/T 601, diluted 10 times.
5.2.8 Starch indicator solution: 10g/L.
5.3 Instruments and equipment
Sampling bottles: Two stoppered glass bottles. Measure the volume of water filled with
the plug. One bottle is labeled A and the other bottle is labeled B. The volume shall be
200mL~500mL.
5.4 Test steps
5.4.1 Sampling
Place the cleaned sampling bottle A and B in the cleaned sampling barrel at the same
time. The sampling barrel shall be at least 15cm higher than the sampling bottle. Insert
two cleaned polyethylene plastic tubes or inert material tubes into the bottom of bottle
A and bottle B, respectively. Simultaneously introduce the water sample into bottle A
and bottle B through the catheter by siphoning or other methods. The flow rate shall be
about 700mL/min. Let the water naturally overflow from bottle A and B into the barrel
until the level in the sampling barrel is more than 15cm above bottle A and B mouths.
5.4.2 Pretreatment of water sample
If there are suspended substances in the water sample that can fix or consume oxygen,
potassium aluminum sulfate solution can be used to flocculate. Fill a 1000mL stoppered
bottle with the water sample to be tested and let the water overflow (according to the
sampling procedure in 5.4.1). Pipette 20mL of potassium aluminum sulfate solution and
4mL of ammonia water into the water sample to be tested. Stopper, mix, and allow to
settle. Aspirate the supernatant into a narrow-mouthed bottle. Analyze according to the
determination procedure.
5.4.3 Oxygen fixation and acidification
Use a slender glass tube to pipette about 1mL of the manganese sulfate solution. Insert
the glass tube into the middle of bottle A. Put in the manganese sulfate solution. Then
add 5mL of alkaline potassium iodide mixed solution and 2.00mL of potassium
permanganate standard titration solution in the same way. Place bottle A under the water
layer of the sampling barrel. After precipitation in bottle A, open the cork under water.
Add 5mL of sulfuric acid solution to bottle A. Close the bottle tightly. Take out to shake
well. First add 5mL of sulfuric acid solution to bottle B. Then add about 1mL of
manganese sulfate solution, 5mL of alkaline potassium iodide mixed solution, and
2.00mL of potassium permanganate standard titration solution at the same position
where sulfuric acid is added. There shall be no precipitation. Otherwise, retest. Close
the bottle tightly. Take out. Shake well. Place bottle B under the water layer of the
sampling barrel.
5.4.4 Determination
Pour the solution in bottle A and bottle B into two 600mL or 1000mL beakers,
respectively. Use sodium thiosulfate standard titration solution to titrate until light
yellow. Add 1mL of starch indicator solution to continue titration. The solution changes
from blue to colorless. Use the titrated solution to rinse the original bottle A and B.
Continue to titrate until colorless as the end point.
5.5 Result calculation
5.5.1 The mass concentration of dissolved oxygen in the water sample (ρ1) (as O2),
expressed in milligrams per liter (mg/L), is calculated according to formula (1):
Where,
c - The value of the concentration of the standard titration solution of sodium thiosulfate,
in moles per liter (mol/L);
M - The value of the molar mass of oxygen, in grams per mole (g/mol) (M = 16.0);
V1 - The value of the volume of sodium thiosulfate standard titration solution consumed
by titrating bottle A water sample, in milliliters (mL);
VA - The value of the volume of bottle A, in milliliters (mL);
VA' - The value of the sum of the volumes of manganese sulfate solution, alkaline
potassium iodide mixed solution, sulfuric acid solution and potassium permanganate
standard titration solution added to bottle A, in milliliters (mL);
V2 - The value of the volume of the standard titration solution of sodium thiosulfate
consumed by titrating the water sample of bottle B, in milliliters (mL);
VB - The value of the volume of bottle B, in milliliters (mL);
VB' - The value of the sum of the volumes of manganese sulfate solution, alkaline
potassium iodide mixed solution, sulfuric acid solution and potassium permanganate
standard solution added in bottle B, in milliliters (mL).
Calculation results are expressed to two decimal places.
5.5.2 If the water sample has been pretreated, the mass concentration of dissolved
c - The value of the concentration of potassium permanganate standard titration
solution, in moles per liter (mol/L);
M - The value of the molar mass of oxygen, in grams per mole (g/mol) (M = 16.00);
V - The value of the volume of the acid sodium indigo disulfonate solution pipetted,
in milliliters (mL);
1/2 - The reaction coefficient of sodium indigo disulfonate and potassium
permanganate converted to the reaction with dissolved oxygen.
6.2.8 Ammonia indigo sodium disulfonate solution: According to the required amount,
mix equal volumes of ammonia-ammonium sulfate buffer solution and acid sodium
indigo disulfonate stock solution. Due to the instability of the ammonia-based sodium
indigo disulfonate solution, the solution shall be prepared when used.
6.2.9 Reduced sodium indigo disulfonate solution: Drain the water from the upper part
of the silver-zinc reduction burette. Inject a small amount of ammoniacal sodium indigo
disulfonate solution to wash the silver-zinc burette. Drain the washing liquid. Fill the
burette with ammoniacal sodium indigo disulfonate solution. When the solution
changes from blue to bright yellow, drain the blue solution at the tip of the burette. Then
use. If the user is in a hurry, he can clamp the silver-zinc burette between the palms.
Rub gently. Alternatively, hold the silver-zinc burette in hand and shake it up and down.
It can also speed up the reduction of sodium indigo disulfonate. This solution shall be
prepared at the time of use. After the solution originally stored in the burette is discarded,
add a new solution to prepare. The use period is 4h.
6.2.10 Acid sodium indigo disulfonate standard solution: Pipette 50mL of acid sodium
indigo disulfonate stock solution. Place in a 100mL volumetric flask. Use water to dilute
to the scale. Each milliliter of this solution is equivalent to 20μg of O2.
6.2.11 Potassium permanganate standard titration solution: .
After preparation according to GB/T 601, dilute 10 times.
6.3 Instruments and equipment
6.3.1 Silver-zinc primary cells (electrolytic cells)
6.3.1.1 Preparation of sintered silver particles (porous silver particles)
Weigh 50g of silver powder or precipitated silver. Spread in a 100mL porcelain
evaporating dish. Flatten the surface. The thickness of silver powder is about 5mm. Put
the porcelain evaporating dish into a 620°C high temperature furnace. Sinter for about
30min. Take out the silver block with a tool after cooling. Cut into silver bars with a
width of 10mm and a length of 20mm. Put the silver bars back into the original
evaporating dish. Then burn in an 800℃ high temperature furnace for 30min. After
taking out to cool, cut into porous silver particles with a particle size of 3mm~5mm.
6.3.1.2 Preparation of silver-zinc reduction burette (silver-zinc reduction battery)
Take a 50mL acid burette. Pad about 10mm thick fiberglass on the bottom. Fill the
burette with water. Remove air bubbles from the tip of the burette. Take the number of
zinc particles with a particle size of 5mm~10mm (usually 7 particles are required).
According to the ratio of one grain of zinc per 4mL of porous silver grains, fill the
porous silver and zinc particles until the volume of the silver-zinc reducing agent is
about 30mL. The top is covered with 4mL of porous silver particles. Vibrate from time
to time during filling. Make the silver grains and the zinc grains fully contact without
leaving air bubbles.
The service life of silver-zinc reducing agent is generally not more than three months.
After prolonged use, the silver particles become darker in color. It may pour the silver
zinc mixture. Remove zinc particles. Heat the hydrochloric acid solution to dissolve the
impurities. Then wash off the hydrochloric acid. Place porous silver particles in a
porcelain evaporating dish. Dry on the stove first. Then put it in an 800℃ high
temperature furnace for 30min. Then it can restore the silvery white metallic luster.
6.3.2 Dedicated dissolved oxygen measuring bottle (dissolved oxygen bottle)
The actual volume is about 300mL. It shall be colorless and transparent. Each bottle
has the same volume. The stopper is a universal ground stopper.
6.3.3 Water sealing barrel
The volume is 15L~25L. The barrel shall be at least 150mm higher than the dissolved
oxygen bottle.
6.4 Test steps
6.4.1 Preparation of standard colors
Because the standard dissolved oxygen is not easy to obtain, the dissolved oxygen
standard color prepared by this method is prepared according to the "false color
principle". That is, acidic sodium indigo disulfonate is added according to the amount
assumed to be completely reacted with dissolved oxygen to form oxidized sodium
indigo disulfonate (blue). The unreacted reduced sodium indigo disulfonate (yellow) is
replaced with the corresponding picric acid to formulate the dissolved oxygen standard
color.
The volume (VD) of the acid sodium indigo disulfonate standard solution required for
each standard color and the volume (VK) of the picric acid solution are calculated
according to formula (4) and formula (5) respectively:
7 Oxygen electrode method
7.1 Principle
The oxygen-sensitive thin-film electrode (abbreviated as oxygen electrode) of the
dissolved oxygen analyzer consists of two metal electrodes (cathode/anode) and a
selective thin film in contact with the electrolyte. The selective thin film is only
permeable to oxygen and other gases. It is impermeable to water and soluble substances.
As the water sample flows through the selective film that allows oxygen to pass through,
the oxygen in the water sample will diffuse through the film. Oxygen that passes
through the film is reduced at the cathode, producing a weak current. At a certain
temperature, its size is proportional to the dissolved oxygen content in the water sample,
so as to measure the dissolved oxygen content in the water.
7.2 Reagents or materials
7.2.1 Water: GB/T 6682-2008, Grade two.
7.2.2 Sodium sulfite (Na2SO3).
7.2.3 Divalent cobalt salt: cobalt (II) chloride hexahydrate (CoCl2·6H2O) or other
divalent cobalt salt.
7.2.4 Oxygen free water: Weigh about 25g of sodium sulfite and dissolve it in 500mL
of water at room temperature. An appropriate amount of divalent cobalt salt can be
added. Prepare it when required.
7.2.5 Nitrogen: The purity is not less than 99.999%.
7.3 Instruments and equipment
Dissolved oxygen analyzer: It consists of measuring probe, host instrument and flow
cell. The measuring probe anode is usually a silver electrode. The cathode is usually a
platinum or gold electrode with a coating. The dissolved oxygen meter shall be
equipped with temperature and atmospheric compensation devices. The operating
temperature range of the instrument shall meet the requirements of the instrument
manual.
7.4 Test steps
7.4.1 Calibration
Calibrate according to the requirements of the instrument manual. Air calibration is
usually available. The instrument shall be warmed up for at least 10min. Expose the
sensor to the atmosphere. After confirming that there are no water droplets in the
electrode film area, perform air calibration. Air calibration is best performed at
saturated humidity. For example, place the electrodes at the junction of the water-gas-
liquid surface or on a wet towel. When the response of the instrument is slow or the
data is abnormal or unstable during the calibration process, it is necessary to check the
electrode and the host of the dissolved oxygen analyzer. If necessary, replace the
electrolyte and electrode membrane according to the instrument manual. Carry out zero
check and calibration according to 7.4.2.
Under laboratory conditions, other calibration methods can also be selected, such as
saturated dissolved oxygen water calibration, water saturated air calibration, water
standard oxygen calibration, standard gas calibration. The specific steps are carried out
according to the requirements of the manual.
7.4.2 Zero check and calibration
Perform the zero check of the instrument as required. When the reading is not zero or
when the dissolved oxygen electrode membrane is replaced or the electrode is filled
with electrolyte, zero calibration shall be performed. The following oxygen-free water
method or high-purity nitrogen method can be selected. Perform zero calibration
according to the instrument manual.
- Oxygen-free water method: Immerse the oxygen electrode in deoxygenated water.
Observe electrode response speed and test results. After the reading is stable, adjust
the instrument reading to zero.
- High-purity nitrogen method: Place the oxygen electrode in the flow cell. Tighten
or squeeze. Guaranteed airtight and leak-free. Connect high-purity nitrogen through
a hose to the flow cell inlet. Slowly open the outlet valve of the high-purity nitrogen
cylinder. Adjust the intake air flow to meet the requirements of the instrument when
measuring samples. Observe the electrode response speed and test results. After the
reading is stable, adjust the instrument reading to zero.
7.4.3 Determination
7.4.3.1 Determination of high concentration water sample
When the mass concentration of dissolved oxygen is determined to be greater than or
equal to 200μg/L of water sample, it can be directly determined. Flow cell can also be
used for determination. Immerse the electrode in the water sample. Avoid adhesion of
air bubbles on the surface of the electrode film. The water sample shall maintain a
certain relative flow rate with the electrode surface. After the reading is stable, record
the result. When the instrument does not have automatic temperature and pressure
compensation, according to the model of the instrument used and the requirements for
the determination results, detect the water temperature and air pressure. Correct the
determination results. See Annex A for the calculation method of temperature and
pressure correction.
For flowing water samples, check that the water sample has sufficient flow rate. If the
flow rate of the water sample is lower than 0.3m/s, it is necessary to move the electrode
......
Source: Above contents are excerpted from the PDF -- translated/reviewed by: www.chinesestandard.net / Wayne Zheng et al.
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