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GB/T 1.1-2009: PDF in English (GBT 1.1-2009) GB/T 1.1-2009
NATIONAL STANDARD OF THE
PEOPLE’S REPUBLIC OF CHINA
ICS 01.120
A 00
Replacing GB/T 1.1-2000, GB/T 1.2-2002
Directives for standardization -
Part 1: Structure and drafting of standards
(ISO/IEC Directives - Part 2:2004, Rules for the structure
and drafting of International Standard, NEQ)
ISSUED ON: JUNE 17, 2009
IMPLEMENTED ON: JANUARY 01, 2010
Issued by: General Administration of Quality Supervision, Inspection and
Quarantine;
Standardization Administration of PRC.
Table of Contents
Foreword ... 6
Introduction ... 9
1 Scope ... 10
2 Normative references ... 10
3 Terms and definitions ... 11
4 General ... 14
4.1 Objective ... 14
4.2 Unity ... 15
4.3 Coordination ... 15
4.4 Applicability ... 16
4.5 Consistency ... 16
4.6 Normative ... 16
5 Structure ... 17
5.1 Divided by content ... 17
5.2 Divided by levels ... 20
6 Drafting of elements ... 25
6.1 Preliminary informative elements ... 25
6.2 General normative elements ... 28
6.3 Technical normative elements ... 31
6.4 Supplementary informative elements ... 35
7 Expression of elements ... 36
7.1 General ... 36
7.2 Notes, examples and footnotes to provisions ... 37
7.3 Figures ... 38
7.4 Table ... 43
8 Other rules ... 46
8.1 Reference ... 46
8.2 Full names, abbreviations and acronyms ... 49
8.3 Trade name ... 50
8.4 Patent ... 50
8.5 Selection of numerical values ... 51
8.6 Representation of numbers and values ... 51
8.7 Quantity, unit and symbol ... 52
8.8 Mathematical formulas ... 52
8.9 Dimensions and tolerances ... 56
8.10 Important reminder ... 57
9 Layout format ... 58
9.1 General ... 58
9.2 Cover ... 58
9.3 Table of contents ... 59
9.4 Foreword and Introduction ... 59
9.5 Text ... 59
9.6 Appendix ... 60
9.7 References and indexes ... 61
9.8 Singular pages, even pages, back cover ... 61
9.9 Others ... 61
Appendix A (Informative) List of some basic standards ... 64
A.1 Overview ... 64
A.2 Standardization principles and methods ... 64
A.3 Standardization terminology ... 65
A.4 Principles and methods of terminology ... 65
A.5 Quantity, unit and symbol ... 65
A.6 Symbols, codes and abbreviations ... 66
A.7 Indexing of references ... 66
A.8 Technical drawing ... 66
A.9 Preparation of technical documents ... 67
A.10 Graphical symbols ... 67
A.11 Limits, fits, surface characteristics ... 68
A.12 Preferred numbers ... 69
A.13 Statistical methods ... 70
A.14 Environmental conditions and related tests ... 70
A.15 Safety ... 70
A.16 Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) ... 70
A.17 Compliance and quality ... 70
A.18 Environmental management ... 71
Appendix B (Informative) Example of level number ... 72
Appendix C (Normative) Patent ... 73
C.1 Collection of patent information ... 73
C.2 No patents have been identified ... 73
C.3 Patents have been identified ... 73
Appendix D (Normative) Drafting of standard name ... 75
D.1 Selection of elements in standard names ... 75
D.2 Avoid inadvertently limiting the scope ... 76
D.3 Wording ... 76
D.4 Drafting of English translation of test method standards ... 77
Appendix E (Normative) Marking of standardization items ... 78
E.1 Overview ... 78
E.2 Applicability ... 78
E.3 Marking system ... 79
E.4 Method of use of characters ... 80
E.5 Description segment ... 80
E.6 Identification segment ... 81
E.7 Examples ... 82
E.8 Adoption of marking of international standardization item ... 84
Appendix F (Normative) Auxiliary verbs used for expression of provisions ... 86
Appendix G (Informative) Quantity and unit ... 88
Appendix H (Informative) Example of arrangement of standard provisions ... 91
Appendix I (Normative) Standard format ... 95
Appendix J (Normative) Font size and font in the standard ... 108
References ... 110
Index ... 111
Directives for standardization -
Part 1: Structure and drafting of standards
1 Scope
This part of GB/T 1 specifies the standard structure, drafting expression rules,
layout format; gives the relevant expression style.
This part applies to the preparation of national standards, industry standards
and local standards, as well as national standardization guidance technical
documents. The preparation of other standards can refer to it for use.
Note: Unless otherwise specified, the "standards" in the following chapters may refer
to "national standards", "industry standards", "local standards", "national
standardization guidance technical documents" as appropriate.
2 Normative references
The following documents are essential to the application of this document. For
the dated documents, only the versions with the dates indicated are applicable
to this document; for the undated documents, only the latest version (including
all the amendments) are applicable to this standard.
GB/T 321 Preferred numbers - Series of preferred numbers (ISO 3)
GB 3100 The international system of units and its application (ISO 1000)
GB 3101 General principles concerning quantities, units and symbols (ISO
31-0)
GB 3102 (all parts) Quantities and units [ISO 31 (all parts)]
GB/T 4728 (all parts) Graphical symbols for diagrams [IEC 60617 (all parts)]
GB/T 5094 (all parts) Industrial systems, installations and equipment and
industrial products - Structuring principles and reference designations [IEC
6134 (all parts)]
GB/T 5465.2 Graphical symbols for use on electrical equipment - Part 2:
Graphical symbols (IEC 60417)
GB/T 6988 (all parts) Preparation of documents used in
electrotechnology [IEC 61082 (all parts)]
GB/T 7714 Rules for content form and structure of bibliographic references
(ISO 690)
GB/T 13394 Letter symbols to be used in electrical technology - Symbols for
quantities to be used for rotating electrical machines (IEC 27-4)
GB/T 14559 Symbols and units of variable quantities (IEC 27-1)
GB/T 14691 Technical drawings - Lettering (ISO 3098-1, ISO 3098-2)
GB/T 15834 General rules for punctuation
GB/T 15835 General rules for writing numerals in publications
GB/T 16273 (all parts) Graphical symbols for use on equipment (ISO 7000)
GB/T 16499 The preparation of safety publication and the use of basic safety
publications and group safety publications (IEC Guide 104)
GB/T 16679 Designations for signals and connections (IEC 1175)
GB/T 17451 Technical drawings - General principles of presentation - Views
GB/T 20000 (all parts) Guide for standardization
GB/T 20001 (all parts) Rules for drafting standards
GB/T 20002 (all parts) Drafting for special aspects in standards
GB/T 20063 (all parts) Graphical symbols for diagrams [ISO 1417 (all parts)]
ISO 7000 Graphical symbols for use on equipment - Index and synopsis
IEC 60027 (all parts) Letter symbols to be used in electrical technology
IEC Guide 106 Guide for specifying environmental conditions for equipment
performance rating
3 Terms and definitions
The terms and definitions defined in GB/T 20000.1 and the following apply to
this document. For ease of use, some terms and definitions in GB/T 20000.1
are repeatedly listed below.
3.1
Specification
3.5.1
Preliminary informative elements
Elements that mark the standard, introduce the content, explain the
background, the development situation, as well as the relationship between
the standard and other standards or documents
3.5.2
Supplementary informative elements
Elements that provide additional information that contribute to the
understanding or use of the standard.
3.6
Required elements
Elements that are indispensable in the standard.
3.7
Optional elements
The elements whose existence in the standard depends on the specific
requirements of the specific standard.
3.8
Provisions
The expression of the content of normative documents, which generally
takes the form of requirements, recommendations or statements.
Note: These forms of provisions are distinguished by the wording they use. For
example, the auxiliary verb "should" is “recommend” and the auxiliary verb "shall"
is “require”.
3.8.1
Requirement
Provisions that express the criteria that need to be met if the declaration
conforms to the standard, which do not allow any deviation.
Note: The auxiliary verbs specified in Table F.1 are used to express requirements.
3.8.2
4.2 Unity
Within each standard or series of standards (or different parts of a standard),
the standard style and terminology shall be consistent. The structure of each
standard of the series of standards (or different parts of a standard) and the
number of its chapters and articles shall be the same as possible. Similar
provisions shall be expressed in similar wording; the same provisions shall be
expressed in the same wording.
Within each standard or series of standards (or different parts of a standard),
the same term shall be used for the same concept. Synonyms shall be avoided
for defined concepts. As far as possible, each term used shall have a unique
meaning.
4.3 Coordination
In order to achieve the overall coordination of all standards, the preparation of
standards shall comply with the relevant provisions of the current basic
standards, especially involving the following aspects:
- Standardization principles and methods;
- Standardized terminology;
- Principles and methods of terminology;
- Quantity, unit and its symbol;
- Symbols, codes and abbreviations;
- Indexing of references;
- Technical drawings and sketches;
- Preparation of technical documents;
- Graphic symbols.
For some technical fields, the preparation of standards shall also comply with
the relevant provisions of the current basic standards related to the following:
- Limits, fits and surface characteristics;
- Dimensional tolerance and measurement uncertainty;
- Priority number;
20001.2, GB/T 20001.4, GB/T 20001.52), GB/T 20000.7, respectively.
5 Structure
5.1 Divided by content
5.1.1 General
Due to the large differences between standards, it is difficult to establish a
generally accepted content-division rule.
Generally, for a standard object, it shall be compiled into a standard and
published as a whole. In special cases, it can be compiled into several separate
standards or a standard can be divided into several separate parts under the
same standard sequence number. After the standard is divided into parts, each
part can be revised individually if necessary.
5.1.2 Partitioning
5.1.2.1 When a standard is divided into several separate parts, there are usually
special needs or specific reasons such as the following:
- The length of the standard is too long;
- The subsequent content is interrelated;
- Some contents of the standard may be cited by regulations;
- Some contents of the standard are intended for certification.
5.1.2.2 When the different aspects of the standardized object may cause the
attention of all relevant parties (for example: producers, certification bodies,
legislatures, etc.), these different aspects shall be clearly distinguished; it is best
to separate them into separate parts of a standard. For example, these different
aspects may be:
- Health and safety requirements;
- Performance requirements;
- Repair and service requirements;
- Installation rules;
- Quality assessment.
2 The planned GB/T 20001.5 “Rules for drafting standards - Part 5: Specification standards”.
Articles can only be set when there are two or more articles in a level. For
example, in Chapter 10, if there is no 10.2, then 10.1 shall not be set. Avoid
sub-segmenting untitled articles.
Articles at the first level should be titled and shall be placed after the number.
Articles of the second level can be treated in the same way. In a chapter or
article, the articles at the next level shall be unified with or without titles. For
example, in the next level of Chapter 10, if there is a title for 10.1, then 10.2,
10.3, etc. shall also have titles.
Key terms or phrases in the first sentence of an untitled article may be marked
in bold, to indicate the topics involved. Such terms or phrases shall not be
included in the table of contents.
5.2.5 Paragraph
A paragraph is a subdivision of a chapter or article. The paragraph is not
numbered.
In order not to cause confusion when citing, it shall avoid setting paragraphs
(called "suspended paragraphs") between chapter titles or article titles and the
next level of articles.
Examples:
As shown on the left below, according to the affiliation, Chapter 5 includes not only the
marked “suspended paragraph”, but also 5.1 and 5.2. In view of this situation, there
may be confusion when referencing these suspended paragraphs. The right side below
shows one of the ways to avoid confusion: number the suspended paragraphs on the
left side and add the heading "5.1 General" (or other appropriate headings can also be
given), meanwhile re-number 5.1 and 5.2 at the left side and change them to 5.2 and
5.3 in sequence. Other ways to avoid confusion are to move the suspended
paragraphs elsewhere or delete it.
d) Description of relationship with international documents and foreign
documents. The standards formed on the basis of foreign documents may state
the relationship with the corresponding documents in the foreword. For the
standards, whose degree of consistency with international documents is
equivalent, modified or non-equivalent, it shall state the relationship with the
corresponding international documents in accordance with the relevant
provisions of GB/T 20000.2.
…………
5.2.7 Appendix
The appendix is divided into normative appendix (see 6.3.6) and informative
appendix (see 6.4.1) according to its nature. Each appendix shall be clearly
mentioned in the text or the relevant provisions of the foreword. The order of
the appendixes shall be in the order in which they are mentioned in the article
(from the foreword). (When the statement in the foreword has major technical
changes compared to the previous version, the appendix mentioned shall not
be used as the basis for the order of the appendix) .
Each appendix shall be numbered. The appendix number is composed of
"Appendix" followed by the capital Latin letters indicating the order. The letters
start with "A", for example: "Appendix A", "Appendix B", "Appendix C", etc.
When there is only one appendix, the number "Appendix A" shall still be given.
Below the appendix number, it shall indicate the nature of the appendix, that is,
"(normative appendix)" or "(informative appendix)", below which is the title of
the appendix.
The numbering of chapters, figures, tables and mathematical formulas in each
appendix shall start from 1 again. The capital letters indicating the order in the
appendix number shall be added before the numbering, followed by the
footnotes. For example: the chapters in Appendix A are represented by "A.1",
"A.2", "A.3", etc.; the figures are "Figure A.1", "Figure A.2", "Figure A.3", etc.
6 Drafting of elements
6.1 Preliminary informative elements
6.1.1 Cover
The cover is an indispensable element, which shall give information on the
marking standards, including: the name of the standard, the English translation,
the level (the national standard is "National Standard of the People's Republic
of China"), the sign, the number, the international standard classification
number (ICS number), Chinese standard document classification number, filing
a) Description of standard structure. For the series of standards or sub-parts
of the standard, describe the expected structure of the standard in the first
standard or part 1 of the standard; each part of the series of standards or
sub-parts of the standard lists all the names of other standards or other
parts that are published or planned to publish.
b) The drafting rules on which the standards are based refer to GB/T 1.1.
c) Description of all or part of other documents replaced by the standard.
Give the number and name of the replaced standard (including
amendments) or other documents; list the main technical changes
compared to the previous version.
d) Description of relationship with international documents and foreign
documents. The standards formed on the basis of foreign documents
may state the relationship with the corresponding documents in the
foreword. The standard whose degree of consistency with international
documents is equivalent, modified or non-equivalent shall state the
relationship with the corresponding international documents in
accordance with the relevant provisions of GB/T 20000.2.
e) Description of patents. For standards which may involve patents, if it does
not identify the patents, it shall follow the requirements of C.2 to describe
the relevant content.
f) The proposing information (may be omitted) or jurisdiction information
of standard. If the standard is proposed or under the jurisdiction of the
National Standardization Technical Committee, its domestic code shall be
given after the name of the corresponding technical committee, together
with a parentheses. Use the following applicable form of expression:
●“This standard was proposed by the National Standardization Technical
Committee (SAC/TC XXXX)."
●"This standard was proposed by XXXX."
●“This standard shall be under the jurisdiction of the National
Standardization Technical Committee (SAC/TC XXXX)."
●“This standard shall be under the jurisdiction of XXXXX.”
g) The drafting organization and main drafters of standard, which use the
following form of expression:
● "Drafting organizations of this standard: ..."
● "The main drafters of this standard: ..."
become indispensable for the application of the standard after being cited by
the standard provisions. In the list of documents, for documents cited with dates
in the standard provisions, it shall give the version number or year number
(when the standard is quoted, give the standard code, sequence number and
year number) and the complete standard name; for the cited undated
documents in the standard text, it shall not provide the version number or year
number. When quoting a standard composed of multiple parts without dates in
the standard provisions, it shall indicate “all parts” after the standard’s sequence
number as well as the same parts in the standard name, that is, the guiding
element (if any) and the main element (see Appendix D).
In the document list, if listing international standards and foreign standards, it
shall give the Chinese translation of the standard name after the standard
number, as well as the original name in parentheses behind it; the method of
listing non-standard documents shall be consistent with GB/T 7714.
If the cited documents are available online, it should provide detailed access
and access paths. It shall give the complete website of the referenced
document (see GB/T 7714). In order to ensure traceability, it should give the
source URL.
Example: It can be obtained from the following website: < http: // www.abc.def /
dirty / filename-new.htm>.
Any drafting of a Chinese standard that has a degree of consistency with an
international document, among the standards listed in its list of normative
references, if some standards have a degree of consistency with an
international document, they shall follow the provisions of GB/T 20000.2, to
mark the consistency of these standards with the corresponding international
documents. For specific marking methods, see the provisions of GB/T 20000.2.
The order of the documents cited in the list of documents is: national standards
(including national standardization guidance technical documents), industry
standards, local standards (only applicable to the preparation of local
standards), domestic relevant documents, international standards (including
ISO standards, ISO/IEC standards, IEC standards), ISO or IEC related
documents, other international standards, and other international relevant
documents. National standards and international standards are arranged
according to standard sequence numbers; industry standards, local standards,
other international standards are first arranged in the order of the Latin alphabet
and / or Arabic numerals of the standard code, then in the order of the standard
sequence number.
The list of documents shall not contain:
- Documents that are not publicly available;
letters with a corner mark are placed before letters with a number corner
mark (B, b, C, Cm, C2, c, d, dext, dint, d1 etc.);
- The Greek alphabet is placed after the Latin alphabet (Z, z, A, α, B, β, ...,
Λ, λ, etc.);
- Other special symbols and text.
For convenience, this element may be combined with the element "terms and
definitions" (see 6.3.2). The terms and definitions, symbols, codes,
abbreviations, the units of quantities may be placed under a compound heading.
6.3.4 Requirements
The requirement is an optional element and it shall include the following:
a) All the characteristics of the products, processes or services involved in
the standard are given directly or by reference;
b) Limit values required for quantifiable characteristics;
c) For each requirement, quote the test method for determining or verifying
the characteristic value, or explicitly specify the test method.
The required statement shall be clearly different from the statement and the
recommended statement.
This element shall not include contract requirements (related claims,
guarantees, expense settlement, etc.) and legal or regulatory requirements.
6.3.5 Classification, marking and coding
Classification, marking and coding are optional elements. It may establish a
classification, marking (see Appendix E) and / or coding system for products,
processes or services that meet the specified requirements. To facilitate the
preparation of the standard, this element can also be incorporated into the
requirements (see 6.3.4).
If it contains requirements for marking, it shall comply with the provisions of
Appendix E.
6.3.6 Normative appendix
The normative appendix is an optional element, which gives additional or
supplementary provisions of the standard text. The normative nature of the
appendix (relative to the informative appendix, see 6.4.1) shall be clarified by
the following methods:
7 Expression of elements
7.1 General
7.1.1 Types of provisions
The combination of different types of provisions constitutes various elements in
the standard. The provisions in the standard can be divided into:
- Requirement type provisions (see 3.8.1);
- Recommendation type provisions (see 3.8.2);
- Statement type provisions (see 3.8.3).
7.1.2 Auxiliary verbs used in the expression of provisions
The requirements in the standard shall be easy to identify, so the provisions
that contain the requirements shall be distinguished from other types of
provisions. Different auxiliary verbs shall be used to express different types of
provisions. For auxiliary verbs used in various provisions, see the column I in
Tables F.1 to F.4 in Appendix F. Only in special cases where the expression in
the first column cannot be used due to wording, it may use the equivalent
expression in the second column.
7.1.3 Expression of technical elements
If the standard name contains "specifications", the standard shall contain the
elements "requirements" and corresponding verification methods; if the
standard name contains "procedures", then the standard should be drafted in
the form of recommendations and suggestions; if the standard name contains
"guidelines", then the standard shall not contain requirement provisions, when
appropriate, it may use the recommendation form.
When drafting various technical elements of the above standards, it shall use
the appropriate auxiliary verbs in Appendix F, to clearly distinguish between
different types of provisions.
7.1.4 Chinese characters and punctuation marks
Standard shall use standard Chinese characters. The punctuation marks used
in the standard shall comply with the provisions of GB/T 15834.
the articles are continuous from the "Foreword", i.E.1), 2), 3), etc. After the word
or sentence to be annotated in the article, the footnote shall be marked with the
superscript numbers 1), 2), 3), etc. that are the same as the footnote number.
In some cases, for example, to avoid confusion with superscript numbers, it
may use one or more asterisks, i.e., *, **, ***, to replace the number of the
footnote of the article.
7.3 Figures
7.3.1 Usage
If the use of figures to provide information is more conducive to standard
understanding, then it should use figures. Each figure shall be clearly
mentioned in the text.
7.3.2 Form
A figure in the form of a drawing shall be used; photographs may only be used
when a continuous tone picture is really needed. It shall provide an accurate
plate-made drawing; it should provide a computer-made drawing.
7.3.3 Number
Each figure shall be numbered. The figure number is composed of "figure" and
Arabic numerals starting from 1, such as "figure 1", " figure 2" and so on. When
there is only one figure, it shall still give the number "Figure 1". The numbering
of figures continues from the introduction to the appendix and has nothing to do
with the numbering of chapters, articles and tables.
See 7.3.10.2 for the number of sub-figures. See 5.2.7 for the numbers in the
appendix.
7.3.4 Figure’s title
The figure’s title is the name of the figure. Each figure should have a title. The
figures in the standard shall be unified with or without titles.
7.3.5 Letter symbols, fonts, serial numbers
In general, the letter symbols used to represent the angle or linear quantities in
the figure shall comply with the provisions of GB 3102.1. If necessary, use
subscripts to distinguish the different uses of specific symbols.
The figure shows the use of the symbol series l1, l2, l3, etc. for various lengths,
instead of using symbols such as A, B, C or a, b, c, etc.
8 Other rules
8.1 Reference
8.1.1 General
When writing standards, it is often necessary to repeat the content of the
standard itself or other documents in the provisions, in order to provide users
with references or indicate other provisions that users need to meet. At this time,
in order to avoid inconsistency between standards, excessive length of
standards, transcription errors, etc., it is usually not necessary to copy specific
content that needs to be repeated, but to adopt the method of quotation.
However, under special circumstances, if it thinks it is necessary to repeat a
small amount of content in other documents, it shall accurately indicate the
source in square brackets after the copied content.
References shall use the methods as shown in 8.1.2 to 8.1.4, instead of using
page numbers. For detailed rules of quoting other documents, see GB/T
20000.3.
8.1.2 Reference to the content of standard itself
8.1.2.1 Ref......
......
Source: Above contents are excerpted from the PDF -- translated/reviewed by: www.chinesestandard.net / Wayne Zheng et al.
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