GB 50211-2014 PDF English (GB 50211-2004: Older version)
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GB 50211-2014: PDF in English GB 50211-2014
UDC GB
NATIONAL STANDARD OF THE
PEOPLE’S REPUBLIC OF CHINA
P GB 50211-2014
Code for construction and acceptance of industrial furnaces
building
ISSUED ON: NOVEMBER 15, 2014
IMPLEMENTED ON: AUGUST 01, 2015
Issued by: Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development of PRC;
General Administration of Quality Supervision, Inspection and
Quarantine of the People's Republic of China.
Table of Contents
Foreword ... 7
1 General provisions ... 11
2 Terms ... 11
3 Basic requirements ... 13
3.1 Acceptance, storage and transportation of materials ... 13
3.2 Construction ... 14
4 Unshaped refractories ... 24
4.1 General requirements ... 24
4.2 Refractory mortar ... 25
4.3 Castable refractories ... 26
4.4 Plastic refractories ... 29
4.5 Ramming refractories ... 31
4.6 Spraying refractories ... 32
4.7 Injection refractories ... 33
5 Refractory ceramic fiber ... 34
5.1 General requirements ... 34
5.2 Layer lining ... 35
5.3 Stacked lining ... 37
5.4 Foldable module ... 38
6 Blast furnace and accessory equipment ... 40
6.1 General requirements ... 40
6.2 Blast furnace ... 44
6.3 Hot stove ... 47
6.4 Hot blast pipe ... 50
7 Coke oven and dry quenching equipment ... 51
7.1 Coke oven ... 51
7.2 Coke dry quenching equipment ... 57
8 Steelmaking furnaces and associated equipment ... 62
8.1 General requirements ... 62
Code for construction and acceptance of industrial furnaces
building
1 General provisions
1.0.1 This Code is formulated to standardize the construction and acceptance of
industrial furnace building projects and ensure the quality of the project.
1.0.2 This Code applies to the construction and acceptance of industrial furnace
building projects, including the common provisions of industrial furnace building and
the special requirements of the listed professional furnace building.
1.0.3 In addition to complying with this Code, the construction and acceptance of
industrial furnace building projects shall also comply with the provisions of the relevant
national standards in force.
2 Terms
2.0.1 Industrial furnace building
It refers to the construction of industrial furnaces and their accessory equipment
building, mainly including the construction of refractory materials such as shaped,
unshaped, refractory ceramic fibers.
2.0.2 Brickwork
A solid masonry made of refractory materials such as shaped, unshaped, refractory
ceramic fibers.
2.0.3 Refractory mortar
A mixture composed of powdered refractory materials and binders used for bonding or
filling gaps.
2.0.4 Wet masonry, wet building
A masonry method that uses refractory mortar to bond and fill brick joints.
2.0.5 Dry masonry, dry building
A masonry method that uses dry refractory powder (or gasket) to fill the brick joints, or
directly uses refractory bricks (or blocks) to build the masonry.
The process of drying and heating the furnace body or brickwork according to the
specified temperature curve before the industrial furnace is put into production.
3 Basic requirements
3.1 Acceptance, storage and transportation of materials
3.1.1 All materials transported to the construction site shall have a quality certificate.
3.1.2 Unshaped refractories shall have product instructions. The validity period of time-
limited materials shall be indicated.
3.1.3 The designation, brick number, grade of refractory materials shall be checked
according to the documents before construction; the appearance quality shall be
checked. If necessary, the laboratory shall conduct physical and chemical index
inspection.
3.1.4 Materials that may deteriorate can only be used after the physical and chemical
indexes meet the design requirements. When using refractory bricks recovered from
furnace dismantling, the refractory mortar and slag shall be removed. After passing the
inspection, they can be built in the secondary parts of the industrial furnace.
3.1.5 Refractory warehouses and transportation roads shall be built before the refractory
materials enter the site.
3.1.6 Refractory materials shall be placed according to designation, brick number, grade,
building order; meanwhile it shall be marked.
3.1.7 Unshaped refractories, binders, refractory ceramic fibers, products shall be kept
in warehouses and must not be damp or mixed. Antifreeze measures shall be taken for
materials with antifreeze requirements.
3.1.8 Silica bricks, corundum bricks, magnesia products, carbon products, carbon-
containing products, insulation products, high-alumina bricks, clay refractory bricks
used in important parts shall be stored in warehouses.
3.1.9 Protective measures shall be taken for refractory materials that are easily
deteriorated by moisture.
3.1.10 Refractory materials should be transported in containers and shall not be exposed
to moisture. Refractory products shall be handled with care during transportation and
loading and unloading.
3.2.10 During the construction process until it is put into production, the refractory
masonry and thermal insulation masonry shall be prevented from getting wet.
3.2.11 Masonry shall be laid with staggered joints.
3.2.12 The refractory mortar in the brick joints of wet masonry shall be full; its surface
shall be grouted and filled and compacted.
3.2.13 When laying refractory bricks, a wooden hammer or a rubber hammer shall be
used for alignment; an iron hammer shall not be used. The refractory bricks shall not
be directly cut on the masonry. The masonry shall not be hammered after the refractory
mortar dries.
3.2.14 When the brickwork is interrupted or the bricks are removed for rework, the
joints shall be made into stepped inclined joints.
3.2.15 The processed surface and defective surface of the refractory bricks should not
face the working surface.
3.2.16 The geometric dimensions of various holes, passages, expansion joints, and
insulation layers in the masonry shall be checked in time during the construction
process and the debris shall be cleaned.
3.2.17 The size and distribution position of the masonry expansion joints shall be
reserved according to the design requirements. When the design does not specify the
size of the expansion joint, the average size of the expansion joint per meter of masonry
can be the following data:
1 Clay brick masonry is 5 mm ~ 6 mm;
2 High alumina brick masonry is 7 mm ~ 8 mm;
3 Corundum brick masonry is 9 mm ~ 10 mm;
4 Magnesium aluminum brick masonry is 10 mm ~ 11 mm;
5 Silica brick masonry is 12 mm ~ 13 mm;
6 Magnesium brick masonry is 10 mm ~ 14 mm.
3.2.18 The location of the expansion joint shall avoid the stress-bearing parts and holes
in the masonry.
3.2.19 The expansion joints of the inner and outer layers of the masonry shall not
penetrate each other; the upper and lower layers should be staggered from each other.
3.2.20 When the expansion joint of the refractory masonry working layer penetrates the
insulation layer masonry, the insulation refractory bricks at this location shall be
replaced by refractory bricks. The expansion joints through the arch roof shall be
covered with refractory bricks (or blocks).
3.2.21 The expansion joints shall be even and straight. The joints shall be kept clean
and filled with materials as specified.
3.2.22 There shall be gaps between the brick support plate and the masonry below it,
and between the upper masonry and the lower masonry of the brick support plate. The
gap size and filling materials shall comply with the design requirements.
3.2.23 When the expansion joint under the brick support plate cannot meet the design
size, the refractory bricks under the brick support plate can be processed. The thickness
of the processed refractory bricks shall not be less than 2/3 of the original brick
thickness.
3.2.24 When the masonry is associated with equipment, components, embedded parts
and holes, the cold size or expansion gap of the masonry shall be determined according
to the change in size after expansion.
3.2.25 Where there are settlement joints in the foundation, settlement joints shall be left
in the upper masonry. Refractory ceramic fiber or other fillers shall be used to plug the
joints.
3.2.26 The thickness of the brick joints of refractory masonry shall be checked with a
feeler gauge which has a width of 15 mm and a thickness equal to the specified
thickness of the brick joint being checked. When the depth of the feeler gauge inserted
into the brick joint does not exceed 20 mm, the brick joint is considered qualified. Feeler
gauges with worn ends and non-standard feeler gauges shall not be used.
3.2.27 The thickness of the brick joints of refractory masonry and the fullness of the
refractory mortar shall be checked in time. For general industrial furnaces and general
parts of industrial furnaces, the fullness of the refractory mortar shall be greater than
90%; for parts with strict requirements on air tightness and erosion by melt or slag, the
fullness of the refractory mortar of the brick joints shall be greater than 95%. The
thickness of the brick joints of the industrial furnace building shall be checked with a
feeler gauge, at 10 locations on every 5 m2 surface of each part of the furnace. The brick
joints that are more than 50% below of the specified brick joint thickness shall comply
with the following requirements:
1 Class I masonry shall be 4 locations;
2 Class II masonry shall be 4 locations;
3 Class III masonry shall be 5 locations;
4 Class IV masonry shall be 5 locations.
3.2.28 Special class masonry shall be checked with a feeler gauge at 20 locations on
every 5 m2 surface. The brick joints that are within 50% of the specified brick joint
thickness shall not exceed 4 locations.
II Bottom and wall
3.2.29 The furnace bottom shall be laid by setting out. The foundation shall be leveled
before building the furnace bottom. If necessary, the first layer of refractory bricks can
be processed. Before laying the anti-arch bottom, the base surface of the arc arch shall
be accurately located using a template.
3.2.30 The laying sequence of the furnace bottom and furnace wall shall comply with
the design requirements. The furnace bottom that is frequently inspected shall be built
into a movable bottom.
3.2.31 When building a movable furnace bottom, the gap between the movable furnace
bottom and the relevant parts shall be set according to the size specified in the design.
3.2.32 When building a sloped furnace bottom, the working layer can be built with a
step-back or staggered platform. The gap formed at the bottom can be filled and leveled
with unshaped refractory materials of corresponding materials.
3.2.33 The anti-arch bottom shall be built symmetrically from the center to both sides.
3.2.34 The long side direction of the top layer of bricks of non-arc furnace bottom and
channel bottom shall be perpendicular to or at an angle to the flow direction of furnace
charge, melt, slag or gas.
3.2.35 Vertical walls shall be built by erecting a pole and pulling a line. When both sides
are working surfaces, they shall be built by pulling a line at the same time. The furnace
wall masonry shall be horizontal and vertical.
3.2.36 Circular furnace walls should be built according to the center line. When the
vertical deviation of the center line and radius deviation of the furnace shell meet the
requirements of the furnace shape, the furnace shell can be used as a guide surface for
building.
3.2.37 When the vertical deviation of the center line and radius deviation of the furnace
shell meet the requirements of the furnace shape, the horizontal circular masonry shall
be built with the furnace shell as a guide surface.
3.2.38 The curved wall shall be laid out according to the template by setting out; the
geometric dimensions of the wall shall be checked with the template. The width of the
lock brick after processing shall not be less than 1/2 of the original brick width.
3.2.39 For furnace walls with hook bricks or hanging bricks, the tension surface of the
brick groove shall be close to the hanger; the remaining surfaces of the brick groove
be laid behind the arch foot bricks of the insulating refractory brick arch.
3.2.49 Arch and arch roof should be laid with staggered joints. Arch and arch roof with
staggered joints shall be laid along the longitudinal joint by pulling a line; the brick
surface shall be flat and straight.
3.2.50 The processed bricks of the leveling layer on the upper part of the arch and arch
roof can be replaced by castable refractories of the same material.
3.2.51 Arch and arch roof with different spans should be laid in a ring. The brick ring
surface of the ring arch and arch roof shall be flat and perpendicular to the longitudinal
center line.
3.2.52 Arch and arch roof shall be laid symmetrically from the arch feet on both sides
to the center at the same time. During laying, the big and small ends of the arch bricks
shall not be inverted.
3.2.53 The radial joints of the arch and arch roof shall coincide with the radial direction.
The inner surface of the arch and arch roof shall be flat; the misalignment shall not
exceed 3 mm.
3.2.54 Locking bricks shall be evenly distributed along the center line of the arch and
arch roof. One locking brick shall be driven into each ring of the arch and arch roof
with a span of less than 3 m; three locking bricks shall be driven into each ring of the
arch and arch roof with a span of 3 m ~ 6 m; five locking bricks shall be driven into
each ring of the arch and arch roof with a span of more than 6 m.
3.2.55 The depth of the locking bricks built into the arch and arch roof should be 2/3 ~
3/4 of the brick length; the depth of the locking bricks built into the same arch and arch
roof shall be consistent. The symmetrical locking bricks on both sides shall be driven
in evenly at the same time. A wooden hammer shall be used to drive in the locking
bricks; a wooden block shall be used when using an iron hammer.
3.2.56 Locking bricks shall not be bricks less than 2/3 of the original brick thickness or
bricks with long sides processed to make the large surface wedge-shaped.
3.2.57 The construction of spherical arch roofs shall be done by combining metal hooks
and arch tyre. Spherical arch roofs shall be built ring by ring; the doors shall be closed
in time; the joints left should not exceed three rings. The lock bricks shall be evenly
distributed; the geometric dimensions of the masonry and the accuracy of the radial
joints shall be checked.
3.2.58 Hanging bricks shall be pre-built, sorted, numbered, and processed if necessary.
The hanging bricks of the hanging flat roof shall be built from the middle to both sides.
The inner surface of the hanging flat roof shall be flat; the misalignment shall not
exceed 3 mm. Where there is a gap between the upper edge of the earring of the hanging
brick and the hanging beam, it shall be plugged with thin steel sheets. When building
the hanging flat roof, expansion joints shall be left at the contact between the side bricks
and the furnace wall. The sloped furnace roof shall be built from the lower turning point
to both ends.
3.2.59 There shall be no transverse cracks at the main stress-bearing part of the hanging
brick.
3.2.60 After the furnace roof hanging bricks are laid, the joints shall be grouted on the
furnace roof, and thermal insulation products shall be laid in the specified positions.
3.2.61 After the hanging bricks with a hanger and nut structure are laid, the nuts of the
hanger shall be tightened. When tightening the nuts, the hanging bricks must not move
upward; the hooks shall be close to the upper edge of the hanging brick holes.
3.2.62 The hanging arch roof shall be built in a ring. The ring joints shall be parallel to
each other and shall be perpendicular to the longitudinal center line of the furnace roof.
When starting to build the hanging arch roof, it shall first build a ring according to the
design requirements, then build in sequence based on this ring.
3.2.63 The hanging arch roof shall be locked in rings; the locking degree of each ring
shall be consistent. After the lock bricks are locked, the hanging long pins shall be
inserted immediately.
3.2.64 Before dismantling an arch tyre with a span greater than 5 m, a sign for
measuring the sinking of the arch roof shall be set; after dismantling the arch tyre, a
record of the sinking shall be kept.
3.2.65 The arch tyre of the arch roof must be dismantled, after all the lock bricks
are tightened, the grooves at the arch foot are built, the nuts of the skeleton tie rods
are finally tightened.
IV Pipeline
3.2.66 The inner lining of the pipeline shall be built with the pipe shell as the guide
surface. Where there is a spray coating inside the pipe shell, the spray coating shall be
rounded and built with it as the guide surface.
3.2.67 The inner lining of the pipeline can be built or poured in sections on the ground.
Welding space shall be reserved at the pipe joints. After installation, it shall be repaired
or poured in time. When the diameter of the pipeline masonry is less than 600 mm or
the rectangular section is less than 500 mm × 600 mm, it shall be built or poured in
sections on the ground; the length of each section shall not exceed 3 m.
3.2.68 The inner lining of the annular pipe shall be built in sections with the shell as the
guide surface; the joints of each section of the inner lining shall be built into straight
joints.
4.1.6 The formwork installation shall be accurate and stable in size; the formwork
joints shall be tight. The formwork shall not be deformed, displaced or leaked
during construction; anti-sticking measures shall be taken. During ramming, the
connectors and reinforcements shall not be detached.
4.1.7 The shape and size of anchor bricks or hanging bricks shall be checked and
accepted piece by piece. There shall be no transverse cracks in the main stress-bearing
parts of anchor bricks or hanging bricks.
4.1.8 The position of anchor bricks or hanging bricks shall comply with the design
requirements and shall be perpendicular to the furnace shell or hanging beam. Before
pouring and spraying, anchor bricks or hanging bricks shall be pre-moistened.
4.1.9 Anchor bricks, anchor seats, anchor hooks shall be tightened to each other; anchor
bricks shall be able to rise and fall with the expansion and contraction of the furnace
wall. No filler shall be placed around the anchor hook.
4.1.10 Hanging bricks and hanging beams shall be wedged tightly. The wedge pad shall
be removed before heating the furnace.
4.1.11 Vibrating rods and tamping hammers should not act directly on anchor bricks or
hanging bricks. When it is necessary to act directly on anchor bricks or hanging bricks,
wooden boards shall be used.
4.1.12 The allowable deviation of the size of the unshaped refractory lining can be
determined according to the requirements of the refractory brick lining.
4.2 Refractory mortar
4.2.1 The refractoriness and chemical composition of the refractory mortar shall match
the refractory products to be built. The refractory mortar commonly used in refractory
masonry shall comply with the provisions of Appendix A of this Code.
4.2.2 Before building, the amount of refractory mortar added shall be determined by
trial masonry according to the class of masonry; the masonry performance of the
refractory mortar shall be tested.
4.2.3 The bonding time of the refractory mortar shall depend on the material and size
of the refractory product, which should be 1.0 min ~ 1.5 min.
4.2.4 The consistency of the refractory mortar shall match the class of masonry. The
consistency of the refractory mortar and the class of masonry it is applicable to shall
comply with the provisions of Table 4.2.4.
When it is necessary to stack in the open air, rain and moisture protection measures
shall be taken.
4.3.15 When stacking castable refractory prefabricated parts, the position and method
of support shall be consistent with the load-bearing conditions of the prefabricated parts.
Furnace roof prefabricated parts should not be stacked. When stacking is required, they
shall not be stacked directly on the hanging bricks of furnace roof prefabricated parts.
4.3.16 Castable refractory prefabricated parts shall be equipped with lifting rings. When
temporary lifting equipment is required, it shall be carried out according to the lifting
requirements. When lifting castable refractory prefabricated parts, the strength of the
prefabricated parts shall reach the strength specified in the design. Castable refractory
prefabricated parts shall be lifted and placed gently during lifting.
4.3.17 For furnace roof prefabricated parts that use hanging bricks as the force
transmission system, each hanging brick shall be evenly stressed and shall not be
damaged during lifting and installation.
4.3.18 The width and treatment of the masonry gap of castable refractory prefabricated
parts shall be carried out in accordance with the design requirements.
4.4 Plastic refractories
4.4.1 Plastic refractory shall be stored in a cool place and well sealed. Before
construction, the plasticity index of plastic refractory shall be checked according to the
current industry standard "Test method for workability index of fireclay and high
alumina plastic refractories" YB/T 5119.
4.4.2 When tamping plastic refractory by the formwork method, the gap between the
end face of the hanging brick and the formwork should be 4 mm ~ 6 mm; it shall not
exceed 10 mm after tamping.
4.4.3 The paving of plastic refractory billets shall be staggered and close together. When
using loose plastic refractory, the thickness of each layer shall not exceed 100 mm.
4.4.4 The tamping shall start from the joints between billets; the hammer marks should
overlap by 2/3; the rows should overlap by 1/2. Repeat the tamping for more than 3
times. The tamped body shall be flat, dense, and uniform. The tamping hammer shall
use a rubber hammer head or a metal hammer head; the wind pressure of the tamping
hammer shall not be less than 0.5 MPa.
4.4.5 The construction of plastic refractory should be carried out continuously. During
the construction interval, the tamping surface shall be covered with plastic sheeting.
When the construction is interrupted for a long time, it shall be handled according to
the requirements of the construction joint. The construction joint shall be left at the
center line of the same row of anchor bricks or hanging bricks. When continuing to ram,
the rammed joint surface shall be scraped off by 10 mm ~ 20 mm; the surface shall be
shaved. If the rammed surface dries too quickly, it shall be moistened with spray water.
4.4.6 When ramming the furnace wall and the furnace roof, the ramming direction shall
be parallel to the heating surface. When ramming the furnace bottom, the ramming
direction can be perpendicular to the heating surface.
4.4.7 The plastic refractory of the furnace wall shall be laid and rammed layer by layer;
its construction surface shall be kept at the same height.
4.4.8 The lower semicircle of the burner and the hole shall be laid with a step-back
plastic refractory blank; the step-back shall be rammed radially. The upper semicircle
shall be laid in the form of a refractory brick arch after the wooden mold is installed,
meanwhile it shall be rammed along the tangent direction. The door closing location
shall be made in a wedge shape, filled with plastic refractory, rammed layer by layer in
the vertical direction.
4.4.9 The plastic refractory of the furnace roof can be rammed in sections. The sloped
furnace roof shall start from the lower turning point; the baffle can be removed and
rammed on the other side only after reaching about 600 mm.
4.4.10 The furnace roof closing door shall be selected at a location with fewer obstacles
in the horizontal furnace roof section. The closing door location shall be rammed into
a narrow inverted trapezoidal gap, which has a width not more than 600 mm. The
closing door location shall be rammed into a funnel shape, which shall be kept as small
as possible; the materials shall be laid in layers and rammed.
4.4.11 Before installing anchor bricks or hanging bricks, wooden mold bricks with the
same tooth shape as this brick shall be driven into the plastic refractories. After the tooth
shape is formed, the anchor bricks or hanging bricks are embedded and fixed.
4.4.12 The expansion joints of the plastic refractory lining shall be set according to the
design requirements. The expansion joints of the furnace wall and the longitudinal
expansion joints of the furnace roof shall be rammed evenly on both sides; the
expansion joints shall be flat and straight. Horizontal expansion joints and vertical
expansion joints shall be set at the junction of the furnace wall and the furnace roof.
The expansion joints shall be filled with materials as specified.
4.4.13 The formworks at the furnace roof's door closing location must be removed
after the construction is completed and the natural curing is carried out for 24
hours. The arche tyre of the holes rammed with heat-hardening plastic refractory
shall be removed before the furnace is heated.
4.4.14 Ventilation holes of φ4 mm ~ φ6 mm shall be opened on the heating surface of
the plastic refractory lining. The spacing between the holes should be 150 mm ~ 230
......
Source: Above contents are excerpted from the PDF -- translated/reviewed by: www.chinesestandard.net / Wayne Zheng et al.
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