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GB 28007-2024: PDF in English

GB 28007-2024 GB NATIONAL STANDARD OF THE PEOPLE’S REPUBLIC OF CHINA ICS 97.140 CCS Y 80 Replacing GB 22793.1-2008, GB 28007-2011; partially replacing GB 24430.1-2009 Technical specifications for the safety of infants' and children's furniture ISSUED ON. JUNE 25, 2024 IMPLEMENTED ON. JANUARY 01, 2026 Issued by. State Administration for Market Regulation; Standardization Administration of the People's Republic of China. Table of Contents Foreword... 3 Introduction... 7 1 Scope... 8 2 Normative references... 8 3 Terms and definitions... 9 3.1 Products... 9 3.2 General structures... 11 3.3 Structures of children's high chairs... 15 3.4 Structures of bunk beds... 16 3.5 Structures of children's cot and folding cot... 17 4 General safety requirements... 17 4.1 Materials... 17 4.2 Structures... 17 4.3 Flame retardant properties... 29 4.4 Electrical safety... 30 4.5 Limits of hazardous substances... 30 4.6 Warning signs... 30 5 Safety requirements for specific products... 31 5.1 Requirements for children's high chair... 31 5.2 Requirements for bunk beds... 38 5.3 Requirements for children's cots and folding cots... 47 5.4 Crib requirements... 53 5.5 Requirements for upholstered furniture... 60 Bibliography... 61 Technical specifications for the safety of infants' and children's furniture 1 Scope This document specifies the general safety requirements and specific product safety requirements for furniture intended for infants and children aged 0~14 years. This document applies to the design, manufacture, sales service and quality safety inspection and assessment of infants' furniture and children's furniture. 2 Normative references The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. GB 4706.1, Household and similar electrical appliances -- Safety -- Part 1.General requirements GB 6675.2-2014, Safety of toys -- Part 2.Mechanical and physical properties GB 6675.3-2014, Safety of toys -- Part 3.Flammability GB 17927.1-2011, Upholstered furniture -- Assessment of the resistance to ignition of mattress and sofa -- Part 1.Smoldering cigarette GB/T 22793-2022, Test method for safety performance of children high chairs GB/T 24430-2023, Test method for bunk bed structure safety GB/T 28202-2020, Furniture industry terminology GB 31701, Safety technical code for infants and children textile products GB/T 43000-2023, Furniture - Children's cots and folding cots for domestic use - Test methods GB/T 43002-2023, Children's furniture - Quality inspection and quality judgement GB 18584-2024, Limit of harmful substances of furniture QB/T 5590-2021, Infant mattress QB/T 5659-2021, Baby bed 3 Terms and definitions For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions defined in GB/T 28202- 2020 as well as the followings apply. 3.1 Products 3.1.1 infants' furniture Furniture for infants and young children under 36 months old. [Source. GB/T 28202-2020, 2.58] 3.1.2 children's furniture Furniture for children aged 3~14 years. NOTE. It mainly includes study furniture (tables, chairs, stools) and children's bedroom furniture (beds, wardrobes, storage tools, etc.). [Source. GB/T 28202-2020, 2.57] 3.1.3 children's high chair infants' high chair A free-standing chair for infants and toddlers between 6~36 months old who are able to sit independently and can eat at a height close to the dining table. NOTE. In ISO 9221-1.2015, the dining chair for infants aged 6~36 months is named children's high chair. [Source. GB/T 28202-2020, 3.121, modified] 3.1.4 tall desk/table product Tables and desks with a total height of more than 1000 mm and equipped with a bookshelf structure or similar structure. 3.1.5 bunk bed Household and non-household bedding products with one or more layers of bed base (3.4.1) with the upper surface not less than 600 mm above the ground, a width not more than 1200 mm and a length not less than 1400 mm. NOTE. It does not include special bedding products for prisons, firefighting, military, etc. 3.1.10 suspended crib A crib (3.1.8) in which the bed base (3.4.1) is suspended by means of straps or similar structures at one or more fixing points. 3.1.11 bedside sleeper A crib (3.1.8) in which the guardrail on one side is designed to be folded down and connected to the adult bed. 3.1.12 mattresses for cots and cribs A thin sleeping mat filled with soft or resilient material, suitable for use with a children's cot (3.1.6), folding cot (3.1.7) or crib (3.1.8). 3.2 General structures 3.2.1 folding mechanism A mechanism connected by hinges or swivels that may produce squeezing or shearing effects during operation. 3.2.2 access zone Under normal use, the parts that infants and young children can touch with their limbs when the product is in its functional position; and the parts that children can touch with their limbs by changing their own position or the position of the product. Example 1.Areas other than the back of the children's high chair, the lower surface of the seat and the part below it, the buckles and connectors of the restraint system, etc. Example 2.On both sides and ends of the children's cot and within a range of 1400 mm above the bed base, when the user's arms cannot be extended from either the sides or the ends, the internal area of the children's cot and the external area of the children's cot 300 mm below the upper edge of the side and end guardrails; when the user's arms can be extended from the sides or ends, the area outside the bed base of the children's cot. Example 3.For furniture such as children's cabinets and tall desks/table products (3.1.4) that are marked for use against a wall or similar fixed objects and are provided with devices for connecting to the wall and similar fixed objects, all areas other than the side against the wall, the part touching the ground, and the part that can only be touched by limbs after being disassembled with tools, including the storage space of the product. Example 4.Areas except for the area below the bed base which cannot be entered by the large head gauge (see Figure 12), the back of the top cover of the upper bunk bed (if any), the side against the wall, the back of the walk-in cabinet staircase against the wall, and the area that can only be accessed by removing the limbs with tools. 3.4.3 safety barrier A component that prevents an occupant from falling from the bed base (3.4.1) of a bunk bed (3.1.5) or upper bed (3.4.5). 3.4.4 side rail A longitudinal part that supports the bed base (3.4.1) and is connected to the bed end structure (3.4.2). 3.4.5 upper bed Any bed with the upper surface of the bed base not less than 600 mm above the ground. 3.5 Structures of children's cot and folding cot 3.5.1 movable side The two side parts of a children's cot (3.1.6) that can be adjusted to different positions by sliding, lifting, folding, etc. 3.5.2 mattress base A component that combines a bed base (3.4.1) and a mattress. 4 General safety requirements 4.1 Materials Wooden parts shall not be rotten or worm-eaten, and metal materials shall not be rusted. 4.2 Structures 4.2.1 Connection of removable, loosening components Self-tapping screws, such as self-tapping screws, shall not be used for connections of removable or loosening parts in infant furniture (including cribs, cots and folding beds). NOTE. Self-tapping screws include wood screws, particleboard screws, etc. 4.2.2 Edges, points and outside corners The edges, tips and outer corners of the product access zone shall comply with the following requirements. - The corners and edges shall be rounded or chamfered. There shall be no burrs or ribbons or elastic cords in access zone shall meet the following requirements. a) For single cords in furniture used by infants and young children aged 18 months and below, a tension of 25 N ± 1 N is applied to the free end. The length from the free end to the fixed end shall not exceed 220 mm (see Figure 19). For single cords in other furniture, the length from the free end to the fixed end shall not exceed 300 mm under a tension of 25 N ± 1 N. b) For furniture used by infants and young children aged 18 months and below, where there are multiple cords and the distance between the fixed ends of the cords is greater than 80 mm, a pulling force of 25 N ± 1 N shall be applied to the free end of each cord. The length from the free end to the fixed end of each cord shall not exceed 220 mm (see Figure 19). For other furniture, where there are multiple cords and the length from the free end to the fixed end is under a pulling force of 25 N ± 1 N, the length from the free end to the fixed end shall not exceed 300 mm. c) For furniture used by infants and young children aged 18 months and below, if there are multiple cords and the distance between the fixed ends of the cords is not more than 80 mm, a pulling force of 25 N ± 1 N shall be applied to the free end of each cord. The length from the free end to the fixed end of each cord shall be not more than 220 mm. The circumference of the loop formed from one free end to the other free end shall be not more than 360 mm (see Figure 19). For multiple cords in other furniture, under a pulling force of 25 N ± 1 N, the length from each free end to the fixed end shall be not more than 300 mm. The circumference of the loop formed from one free end to the other free end shall be not more than 360 mm. d) There shall be no three-dimensional decorations on the free ends of ropes, ribbons or elastic cords. e) The thickness of the cords and straps in products for infants and young children aged 18 months and below shall be no less than 1.5 mm, or the diameter shall be no less than 1.0 mm. f) For the cord loops in furniture used by infants and young children aged 18 months and below, the small head gauge (see Figure 11) is inserted into the cord loop by rotating it along its central axis at will under the action of a force of 30 N, so that the central axis of the small head gauge (see Figure 11) remains perpendicular to the plane of the cord loop. The small head gauge (see Figure 11) shall not pass through the cord loop. If it passes through, the large head gauge (see Figure 12) shall also pass through without the action of force. For the cord loops in other furniture, the force of the small head gauge is 45 N. NOTE. If the fixed end has the same shape or composition as the rope, it is considered to be part of the rope for the test. of GB/T 43002-2023 and shall not fail. 4.2.8 Anti-slip device Except for chairs in children's furniture, other products with castors shall have at least two castors that can be locked or at least two non-castor support feet in normal use. Children's high chairs shall comply with the provisions of 5.1.9.Cribs shall comply with the provisions of 5.4.4.2. 4.2.9 Lifting device The lifting device shall not rise or fall by itself or the lifting operation shall not be flexible. Infant's and children's furniture shall not use voice-activated lifting devices. Products with electronically controlled lifting devices shall have at least two different operating steps to start the lifting movement (such as child lock, combination button, etc.). According to the lifting frequency recommended by the manufacturer (if there is no recommendation, the lifting frequency shall be less than 6 times/min), after 100 full- stroke lifting cycles, any three different positions within the travel range shall be specified for start and stop movement operations. Its motion control function shall not fail. The lifting limit shall not exceed the nominal travel range. Example. The lifting device refers to a pneumatic rod such as a swivel chair. 4.2.10 Glass parts Children's furniture shall not use glass parts except in areas more than 1600 mm above the ground and other standing surfaces. 4.2.11 Stability 4.2.11.1 For tall desks/table products and cabinets with a height greater than 600 mm, connectors for connecting the product to the building or other anti-tipping devices shall be provided. The installation and use methods shall be clearly stated in the instructions for use. The connectors and anti-tipping devices shall not be disassembled without the use of special tools. 4.2.11.2 In addition to the specific products specified in this document and the products specified in 4.2.11.1, the stability of chairs, stools, tables, cabinets and other products shall be tested in accordance with the provisions of Annex B of GB/T 43002-2023.The product shall not tip over. 4.3 Flame retardant properties The fabric, facing fabric and plastic covering of the product (including children's cots and folding cots and their mattresses, cribs and their mattresses, sofas, etc.) shall have a flame spread rate of no more than 30 mm/s when tested in accordance with the provisions of 5.4 of GB 6675.3-2014, or the flame shall extinguish automatically before reaching the second marking line. When tested in accordance with Annex B of GB 6675.3-2014, no surface flashing shall occur. Mattresses for infants and children shall comply with the requirements of GB 17927.1- 2011. 4.4 Electrical safety Electrical components in the product shall comply with the requirements of GB 4706.1. 4.5 Limits of hazardous substances Hazardous substances in products shall comply with the provisions of GB 18584-2024. 4.6 Warning signs 4.6.1 After the warning signs on the products are tested according to the requirements of 5.8 and 5.9 of GB/T 43002-2023, the characters on the labels shall be clearly legible and shall not fall off or curl. 4.6.2 The font size of safety warnings such as "Danger", "Warning" and "Attention" in warning words shall not be smaller than size 4 boldface. The warning content shall not be smaller than size 5 boldface. 4.6.3 The following warning signs shall be displayed on the relevant products. a) Products with folding or adjusting devices shall have warning signs at the corresponding visible locations of the folding or adjusting devices, such as "Warning! Beware of pinching"; b) Furniture such as cribs, study tables, and study chairs that have lifting devices (including swivel chair pneumatic rods) shall have warning signs in visible locations on the products, such as "Danger! Do not lift or lower the crib frequently during play"; c) For products with enclosed spaces, a warning message with similar meaning shall be marked in a prominent position near the ventilation opening, such as "Caution! Do not block"; d) For tall desks/table products and cabinets with a height greater than 600 mm, warning words with similar meanings shall be marked at the corresponding connection positions of the products, such as "Warning! To prevent tipping, the product shall be connected and fixed to the wall (or similar fixed objects)." This requirement does not apply to the locking mechanism of the product. The shear and squeeze points in the product shall comply with the following provisions. a) Shear and squeeze points are permitted within access zone during normal assembly and folding of the high chair without the influence of a driving mechanism between moving parts. b) When there are springs or other driving mechanisms between moving parts, the shear and squeeze points within the access zone shall comply with the relevant provisions of 4.2.5.1. c) Test in accordance with 6.6.1 of GB/T 22793-2022.Any foldable or detachable parts of the product shall be locked to prevent them from being released by external forces such as the weight of the child using the product or the unconscious action of another child or adult. The unconscious action effect can be exempted when any of the following situations occurs. 1) The locking mechanism is self-locking, and the load has a closing effect on the locking mechanism; 2) For movable parts or systems, there are at least two independent locking mechanisms; 3) The locking mechanism cannot be accidentally unlocked by heavy objects. d) When tested according to 4.2.5.1, the closable pinch point within the access zone of the product in normal use shall be not less than 12 mm. 5.1.3 Locking mechanism for folding products 5.1.3.1 When the user sits in, moves out and uses the product, there shall be a locking mechanism to prevent the product from folding. 5.1.3.2 To avoid injury caused by incomplete unfolding, foldable products shall meet one of the following requirements. a) The weight of the user (15 kg for the test model) shall prevent the product from folding; b) When the product is deployed, at least one locking mechanism is automatically activated. 5.1.3.3 To avoid accidental folding, the product shall meet one of the following requirements. a) According to 6.3 of GB/T 22793-2022, before and after the test, at least one locking mechanism requires a force of at least 50 N to operate; b) At least one of the locking mechanisms requires a tool to unlock; c) Folding is only possible when both locking mechanisms are operated simultaneously; d) There are two or more automatically activated locking devices that cannot be unlocked by a single action; e) The folding of the product requires two consecutive actions, and the second action can only be performed while the first action is maintained. 5.1.3.4 The locking mechanism shall be firm. When tested according to 6.4 of GB/T 22793-2022, the product shall not fold and the locking mechanism shall remain locked. 5.1.4 Restraint system 5.1.4.1 General requirements The product shall have an active restraint system in accordance with 5.1.4.2 or a passive restraint system in accordance with 5.1.4.3. Measure in accordance with 6.8.1 of GB/T 22793-2022.When the angle between the tilted product backrest and the horizontal plane is less than 60°, the product shall be equipped with an active restraint system that complies with 5.1.4.2. The width of all restraint system straps shall not be less than 19 mm. If the product is equipped with additional seat belt connection points according to the instructions for use, their functions shall be intact after testing in accordance with 6.7.1 of GB/T 22793-2022.The seat belt connection points shall be installed independently. The distance from the front of the junction line shall be no more than 50 mm. The distance from the top of the junction line shall be no more than 75 mm (see Figure 21). According to 6.7.2 of GB/T 22793-2022, all restraint system straps shall function intact before and after the test. When tested in accordance with 6.7.3 of GB/T 22793-2022, the slippage of the belt through any adjuster shall not exceed 20 mm. After testing in accordance with 6.7.3 of GB/T 22793-2022, the functions of the adjuster and buckle shall be intact. b) The product shall include a passive crotch restraint and a horizontal component that creates two leg openings; c) Test according to 6.12.1 of GB/T 22793-2022.The wedge shall not pass through the leg opening; d) Test according to 6.12.2 of GB/T 22793-2022.The leg gauge shall not pass through the vertical gap from one leg opening to the other leg opening. The vertical gap is between the passive crotch restraint and the horizontal component or the seat surface; e) Test according to 6.13 of GB/T 22793-2022.The horizontal distance between the front surface of the backrest and the passive crotch restraint shall be less than 216 mm; f) Test in accordance with 6.14 of GB/T 22793-2022.The horizontal distance between the front surface of the backrest and the horizontal component shall be less than 250 mm. 5.1.5 Side protection 5.1.5.1 General requirements The product shall be equipped with side protection devices. 5.1.5.2 Length and height of side restraints for products equipped with active restraint systems Test according to 6.11.1 of GB/T 22793-2022.When the length meets the following requirements, the height of the side protection device shall not be less than 140 mm. The opening on the side protection device shall meet the requirements of 5.1.1. The side protection device shall extend from the backrest to the position where the crotch restraint is fixed to the seat. When tested in accordance with 6.11.2 of GB/T 22793-2022, its length shall not be less than 150 mm. 5.1.5.3 Length and height of side protectors for products equipped with passive restraint systems The side restraints shall extend from the backrest to the horizontal part in front of the user's torso. The openings in the side restraints shall comply with the requirements of 5.1.1. When tested in accordance with 6.11.1 of GB/T 22793-2022, the height of the side protection device along the entire length shall not be less than 140 mm. 5.1.6 Backrest ......
Source: Above contents are excerpted from the PDF -- translated/reviewed by: www.chinesestandard.net / Wayne Zheng et al.