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Safety of machinery - Safety distances to prevent hazard zones being reached by upper and lower limbs
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[GB/T 23821-2009] Safety of machinery. Safety distances to prevent hazard zones being reached by upper and lower limbs
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GB 23821-2009: PDF in English GB 23821-2009
Safety of machinery.Safety distances to prevent hazard zones being reached by upper and lower limbs
ICS 13.110
J09
National Standards of People's Republic of China
GB 23821-2009/ISO 13857.2008
Replacing GB 12265.1-1997, GB 12265.2-2000
Machinery Safety
Safety distances to prevent danger zones being reached on the lower limbs
(ISO 13857.2008, IDT)
Published 2009-05-13
2009-12-01 implementation
Administration of Quality Supervision, Inspection and Quarantine of People's Republic of China
Standardization Administration of China issued
Table of Contents
Preface Ⅰ
Introduction Ⅱ
1 Scope 1
2 Normative References 1
Terms and definitions 1 3
4 prevents the safe distance from the lower limbs 2
4.1 General 2
4.2 prevent a safe distance from the upper limbs of 2
4.3 prevent a safe distance from the lower limbs of 8
Usage 1 and Table 2 in Appendix A (informative) intermediate value Fact Sheet 11
Annex B (informative) to prevent free access to the lower limbs distance 14
Reference 15
GB 23821-2009/ISO 13857.2008
Foreword
Chapter 4 of this standard is mandatory, the rest are recommended.
Using the equivalent standards ISO 13857.2008 "Mechanical safety distances to prevent danger zones of the upper limbs" (in English).
This standard is equivalent translation ISO 13857.2008. For ease of use, this standard the following editorial changes made.
--- The "this International Standard" by "this standard";
"." --- replaced by a decimal decimal comma ",";
--- refers to the standard introductions were modified according to GB/T 1.1-2000, and has been cited into national standards of international country
The standard corresponding to national standards;
--- deleted international standards foreword, preface rewritten;
--- ISO 13857. 4.2.3 2008 in "(see Table 4)" is wrong, this standard be deleted.
This revised standard GB 12265.1-1997 merger and GB 12265.2-2000.
This standard and GB 12265.1-1997, GB 12265.2-2000 different following.
--- standard mandatory nature of the text was changed to mandatory provisions;
--- 4.1.1 add "shoes when in contact with the reference plane has a certain" assumptions;
--- added some description of security requirements, such as 4.2, 4.3;
--- Added Appendix A and references.
This standard Annex A, Annex B are informative annex.
This standard is proposed and managed by the national security machinery Standardization Technical Committee (SAC/TC208).
This standard was drafted. the machine Productivity Center, Qingdao City, measuring Detection Technology Limited.
The main drafters. Fu Rui, Li Qin, Zhu Ping, Ning Yan, Sun Huashan, Wang Xuezhi, Xiao Jianmin, Zhang Xiaofei, pay much.
This standard supersedes the previous editions are.
--- GB 12265.1-1997, GB 12265.2-2000.
GB 23821-2009/ISO 13857.2008
introduction
According to GB/T 15706.1, the present standards are universal safety standards (B2 category).
This standard requires C standards may be supplemented or modified.
For C standards covering, and has been designed and manufactured according to the standard machine, the required precedence class C standard.
Safe distance using the lower limbs preventing danger zones is a method to eliminate or reduce the risk of mechanical.
When prescribed safety distance, you must consider the following factors.
--- hit various states that may occur when using the machine;
--- reliable anthropometric data and population differences;
--- biomechanical factors, such as the various parts of the body and the telescopic joint rotation limit;
--- technologies and applications;
--- additional measures for special populations (eg. people with special needs), due to the size of the human body with a predetermined deviation may be required
These measures.
GB 23821-2009/ISO 13857.2008
Machinery Safety
Safety distances to prevent danger zones being reached on the lower limbs
Range 1
This standard specifies the value to reach a safe distance to prevent danger zones machinery in industrial and non-industrial environment. Safe distance suitable for protecting
Measures. This standard also gives information about preventing lower limb freely accessible safe distance from the danger zone (see 4.3).
This standard applies to persons 14 years and older (the 5th percentile of 14-year-old staff height is approximately 1400mm). In addition,
Upper limbs, provides children over 3 years (5th percentile for children 3 years old Height is approximately 900mm) required to reach through the opening
information.
Note 1. There is no consideration to prevent children from entering the lower limb of data.
These safety distances will be able to apply to access to safe sufficient in some cases only by distance. Because of the size according to a safe distance, so that is
So as to satisfy the requirements of this standard, having a certain size limit worker can reach the danger zone.
Note 2. These safety distance of some injuries can not provide effective protection, such as radiation and matter emissions, the need to increase for such damage or take other protective
Measures.
Section on the lower limb of this standard involved in risk assessment in the upper limbs unforeseen danger not considered.
Aimed at a safe distance specified conditions (see 4.1.1) to prevent people touching the danger zone.
Note 3. This standard does not provide a way to prevent steps to climb to reach the danger zone.
2 Normative references
Terms of the following documents become provisions of this standard by reference in this standard. All the reference documents date, with its
After all of the amendments (excluding corrections) or revisions do not apply to this standard, however, encourage achieved according to standard
Whether the parties to the agreement to use the latest versions of these documents. For undated references, the latest edition of
To this standard.
GB/T 15706.1 Safety of machinery basic concepts general principles for design - Part 1. Basic terminology and methods (GB/T 15706.1-
2007, ISO 12100-1.2003, IDT)
3 Terms and Definitions
GB/T 15706.1 and given the following terms and definitions apply to this standard.
3.1
Safety devices (eg. guard, the blocking means), or other physical obstructions (such as. part of the machine), and to limit the human body
(Or) movement of certain parts of the human body in order to prevent it from touching danger zone.
3.2
Safety spacing safeseparationdistance
Ju r
Protective structure from the danger zone of minimum distance.
GB 23821-2009/ISO 13857.2008
4 to prevent the upper and lower limbs touching distance of safety
4.1 General
4.1.1 assume
This standard safe distance given by the following assumptions.
--- wherein the protective structure and the shape and location of the openings remains the same;
--- is a safe distance from the limiting surface of the body or of the relevant part of the measurement is started;
--- personnel may impose certain parts of the body beyond the protection structure or by opening trying to reach the danger zone;
--- datum plane people often standing, but not necessarily the ground (such as work platforms may be datum);
--- shoes when contacting with the reference plane have a (not including the use of high-heeled shoes, climbing or jumping);
--- can not help ancillary facilities (such as a chair or a ladder, etc.) change the reference plane;
--- not extend up to the upper extremity of the natural domain by means of auxiliary facilities (such as a stick or tools, etc.).
4.1.2 Risk Assessment
In determining the safe distance to prevent danger zones being reached, should determine the level of risk. Therefore, the risk assessment should be carried out (see
GB/T 15706.1 and GB/T 16856.1). Risk assessment should appear to damage probability and severity predictable basis. in order to
Select the appropriate distance to achieve security by the standard, it is necessary for technical and human factors risk assessment is based on the analysis. Risk Assessment
You should consider all incoming may occur. When use several different tables derived values, you should use the most stringent value (see Appendix
Examples of A).
Note 1. In the evaluation of the injury risk (see GB/T 16856.1), consider the frequency, duration, energy, velocity and shape of the contact surface of the other features.
At low risk, should be at least selected values in Table 1 (see 4.2.2.1.1).
In the non-low risk, the value of 2 (see 4.2.2.1.2) should be used in high-risk table --- Table.
Note 2. only when the long-term or irreversible damage risk caused by friction or wear and other dangerous on the human body can not be foreseen, before assessed as low risk.
Safety distance (Ju r) are given in Table 7 for opening the lower limbs have attempted to use dangerous zone by touching the case.
If you can not meet the requirements of this standard, you should use other security measures.
4.2 Safety distances to prevent upper limbs of
Stretch touch on 4.2.1
4.2.1.1 Figure 1 shows the safety distance extending touched.
1 --- danger zone;
2 --- datum;
1 a schematic view of FIG reach the extension
GB 23821-2009/ISO 13857.2008
4.2.2 hit across the protective structure
Figure 2 shows the safety distance beyond the reach of the protective structure.
Rao --- danger zone height;
Chou --- protective structure height;
--- Ba protective structure from one side neighbor level from the danger zone.
1 --- danger zone (nearest point);
2 --- datum;
3 --- protective structure.
FIG 2 a schematic reach beyond the protective structure
4.2.2.1 Safety distance value
4.2.2.1.1 values given in Table 1 is applied to determine the height of the danger zone, the height of the protective structure and the corresponding horizontal distance from the foot of the danger zone
Inch. If there is a low risk of danger zone (see 4.1.2), the value given in Table 1 as the minimum value should be used.
It should not be interpolating between the values given in Table 1. Accordingly, when the value of the known Rao, Chou Ba or between two values in table 1, should be selected
Optional safer distance or more protective structure or to change the height of the risk zone (higher or lower).
Appendix A gives an example of the use of Table 1 and Table 2.
Table 1 over the safety distance protective structure --- the reach of low-risk millimeters
Danger zone height b
Chou a protective structure height
1000 1,200,140,016,001,800 2,000,220,024,002,500
Horizontal distance from the danger zone of Ba
2500000000000
2400 100 100 1,001,001,001,001,001,000
2200 600 6,005,005,004,003,502,500 0
2000 900 1100 is 700,600,500,350,000
1800 1000 1100 is 9009006000000
1600 1300 1000 9009005000000
1400 1300 1000 9008001000000
1200 1,400,100,090,050,000,000
1000 1,400,100,090,030,000,000
8,001,300,900,600,000,000
600 12005000000000
400 12003000000000
200 11002000000000
011.002 trillion
a height of less than 1000mm protective structure are not included, because it can not effectively restrict body movement.
b danger zone height see 4.2.1 above 2500mm.
GB 23821-2009/ISO 13857.2008
4.2.2.1.2 values given in Table 2 is applied to determine the height of the danger zone, the height of the structure and protection from the danger zone of the corresponding horizontal distance scale
Inch. If there is a high risk of danger zone (see 4.1.2), the value given in Table 2 should be used.
We should interpolate between the values given in Table 2. Accordingly, when the value of the known Rao, Chou Ba or between two values in Table 2 should be selected
Optional safer distance or more protective structure or to change the height of the risk zone (higher or lower).
Appendix A gives an example of the use of Table 1 and Table 2.
Table 2 over the safety distance protective structure --- the reach of high-risk millimeters
Danger zone height c
Protective structure height a, b Chou
1000 1,200,140,016,001,800 2,000,220,024,002,500
Horizontal distance from the danger zone of Ba
2700000000000
2,600,900,800,700,600,600 500 400 300 100
240,011,001,000,900 800 700,600,400,300,100
2200 1300 1200 1000 9,008,006,004,003,000
2000 1400 1300 1100 is 90080060040000
1800 1500 1400 1,100,900,800,600,000
1600 1500 1400 1,100,900,800,500,000
1400 1500 1400 11009008000000
1200 1500 1400 11009007000000
1000 1500 1,400,100,080,000,000
800 1,500,130,090,060,000,000
6,001,400,130,080,000,000 0
4,001,400,120,040,000,000 0
2,001,200,900,000,000 0
011.005 trillion
a height of less than 1000mm protective structure are not included, because it can not effectively restrict body movement.
b protective structure height of less than 1400mm, and if not security, should not be used.
c danger zone height see 4.2.1 above 2700mm.
4.2.3 arc hit
Table 3 is 14 years old and above exemplary basic movement (the approximate height of 1.4m or more) (see also 4.2.5). When the movement restrictions
Length of at least an obstacle is 300mm, less than 850mm can be selected safety distance of 1).
1) ISO 13857.2008 original here "(see Table 4)" is wrong, this standard be deleted.
GB 23821-2009/ISO 13857.2008
Table 3 touches the arcuate safety distance in millimeters
Movement limiting safety distance r shown Ju
Only in the shoulder and
Restricted movement axillary ≥
Arm is supported to the elbow ≥550
Arm is supported to the arm ≥230
Hand and arm are supported
To knuckle ≥
A range of motion of the arm.
Ju r radial safety distance.
Side length or diameter of a circular opening of a square opening, or an opening groove width.
GB 23821-2009/ISO 13857.2008
4.2.4 accessible through the opening
4.2.4.1 14 years of age or older by the opening rule touch
Table 4 shows the rules that apply to people over 14 years of age and opening a safe distance Ju r.
An opening dimension greater than 120mm, use a predetermined safety distance 4.2.2.
Table 4 touched by the rules of opening a safe distance --- 14 years and above in millimeters
GB 23821-2009/ISO 13857.2008
4.2.4.2 suitable for 3 years and over 3 years of age rules opening
Table 5 applies to the behavior of smaller size and thickness of the upper extremity 3 years and older crowd (5th percentile for children 3 years old Height is approximately 900mm).
When the opening is larger than 100mm, the safety distance should be used in accordance with 4.2.2.
Note. Measures to prevent children stuck in the neck is not considered in this standard.
Table 5 touched by the rules of opening a safe distance --- 3 years of age and older who are in millimeters
GB 23821-2009/ISO 13857.2008
4.2.4.3 irregularly shaped opening
In the case of an irregular opening sequence analysis shall perform the following steps.
a) determining the size can be fully inserted into the irregular opening [see FIG. 3a) and 3b) hatched portion].
--- the smallest diameter of the circular opening;
--- side length of the smallest square opening;
--- side width of the narrowest slot-like opening.
b) According to Table 4 or 5 to select the appropriate safe distance.
c) three numerical values may be used in item b) selected safety distance is the shortest.
a) b)
1 --- side length;
2 --- width;
3 --- diameter.
3 a schematic view of the opening irregular shape
4.2.5 Additional impact protection structure to a safe distance
Protective structure in Tables 1 to 5 are in the same plane. Additional protective structure should be considered to reduce or flat arm, hand or finger
Free movement, and to increase the storage capacity of a dangerous area. Table 3 and Table 6 gives an example of how to accomplish this.
Relying on the arm structure and the protective surfaces may be inclined at any angle.
4.3 Safety distances to prevent lower limb touched
Typically, the upper safety distance should be determined from Table 1 to Table 6. Safety distance values given in Table 7 of the lower limb by a (not consider into upper
The opening of the case).
Table 7 value and whether or not to wear clothing and footwear suitable for unrelated 14-year-old and older persons.
Hit by irregular opening a safe distance, see 4.2.4.3.
GB 23821-2009/ISO 13857.2008
Additional safety distance protection unit table structure is 6 mm
Movement limiting safety distance r shown Ju
Restrictions in the shoulder and armpit
movement
Two separate protective structure,
Allow a wrist movement, another
A motion to allow the elbow
Ju r1≥230
Ju r2≥550
Ju r3≥850
Restrictions in the shoulder and armpit
movement
A separation preventive structure,
Allows the finger to the knuckle
movement
Ju r3≥850
Ju r4≥130
Ju r radial safety distance.
GB 23821-2009/ISO 13857.2008
Table 7 regular shape of the opening through the lower limbs safe distance in millimeters
Illustrates the opening extremities
Ju safe distance r
Square or circular groove
Toes
toe
Leg (from toe to crotch)
If the length of a slotted openings ≤75mm, the distance can be reduced ≥50mm.
b value corresponding to the legs (from the knee to toes).
c value corresponds leg portion (from the toe to the crotch).
NOTE. narrow slot-like opening is larger than 180mm, the sides and circular opening is larger than 240mm in diameter when square openings, the entire body can enter and leave (see also 1
Zhang last paragraph).
In some cases (e.g., design movement on uneven ground mobile agricultural machinery), safety distance specified in this standard is not available. in
In this case, at least the lower limbs using the protective devices to limit the freedom of movement. For this method a safe distance, Appendix B may be
use.
GB 23821-2009/ISO 13857.2008
Appendix A
(Informative)
Usage 1 and Table 2, the intermediate value Fact Sheet
The following example illustrates the values used when the values given in the table differs from Table 1 and Table 2 using the method to Table 2
Example.
Example 1 Ba known and Rao, Chou determining the height of the protective structure.
If the height of the danger zone Rao horizontal distance Ba 1500mm, away from the danger zone of protection structure is expected to 800mm. Table 2 is used,
Chou protective structure height may be determined by the following derivation.
1500mm values from the table closest to the danger zone and the height of the column is determined Rao Rao = greater than (safety) value of 1400mm, then
Rao = 1600mm (see ①). Determining a value of Ba, Ba = 800mm (see ②). Chou stars 1800mm height value of the protective structure
(See ③).
In millimeters
Danger zone height c
Protective structure height a, b Chou
1000 1200 1400 1600 1800③ 2000 2200 2400 2500
Horizontal distance from the danger zone of Ba
2700000000000
2,600,900,800,700,600,600 500 400 300 100
240,011,001,000,900 800 700,600,400,300,100
2200 1300 1200 1000 9,008,006,004,003,000
2000 1400 1300 1100 is 90080060040000
1800 1500 1400 1,100,900,800,600,000
1600① 1500 1400 1100 900 800② 500 0 0 0
1400 1500 1400 11009008000000
1200 1,500,140,011,009,007,000
1000 1500 1400100080000
8,001,500,130,090,060,000
600 14001300800000
400 14001200400000
20012009000000
011005000000
a height of less than 1000mm protective structure are not included, because it can not effectively restrict body movement.
b protective structure is less than 1400mm, and if not security, should not be used.
c danger zone height see 4.2.1 above 2700mm.
Figure A. 1 case 1 --- Table 2 Example of use
GB 23821-2009/ISO 13857.2008
Example 2 known Rao and Chou, Ba determines the horizontal distance from the danger zone.
If the height of Chou protective structure is 1300mm, height Rao danger zone is 2300mm. Table 2, the structure of the guard from the danger zone
Ba horizontal distance may be determined by the following derivation.
Protective structure from the table closest to 1300mm height field value and determines more than Chou = 1400mm (safety) value of Chou, the
Chou = 1200mm (see ①). Select 2300mm 2400mm closest to, and better than the safety distance = Rao (safety) value is determined Rao
Value, Rao = 2200mm (see ②). Ba 1200mm value obtained (see ③).
In millimeters
Danger zone height c
Protective structure height a, b Chou
1000 1200① 1400 1600 1800 2000 2200 2400 2500
Horizontal distance from the danger zone of Ba
2700000000000
2,600,900,800,700,600,600 500 400 300 100
240,011,001,000,900 800 700,600,400,300,100
2200② 1300 1200③ 1000 900 800 600 400 300 0
2000 1400 1300 1100 is 90080060040000
1800 1500 1400 1,100,900,800,600,000
1600 1500 1400 1,100,900,800,500,000
1400 1500 1400 11009008000000
1200 1,500,140,011,009,007,000
1000 1500 1400100080000
8,001,500,130,090,060,000
600 14001300800000
400 14001200400000
20012009000000
011005000000
a height of less than 1000mm protective structure are not included, because it can not effectively restrict body movement.
b protective structure is less than 1400mm, and if not security, should not be used.
c danger zone height see 4.2.1 above 2700mm.
Figure A. --- Table 2 Example 2 Example 2 using
GB 23821-2009/ISO 13857.2008
EXAMPLE 3 Known Chou and Ba, Rao determining the height of the danger zone.
If the height of 1700mm Chou protective structure, the horizontal distance from the danger zone c is 850mm, using Table 2, the height of the hazardous area
Rao may be determined by the following derivation.
Protective structure from the table closest to 1700mm height field value and determines more than Chou = 1800mm (safety) value of Chou, the
Chou = 1600mm (see ①). Select the value closest to the value of 850mm determined Ba, Ba = 900mm (see ②), which there are several possibilities (in
Figure A. 3 highlighted positions). Rao ≥2400mm or derived values ≤ 1000mm (see ③). Danger zone 1000mm ~
2400mm protective shield structure is not subject to.
In millimeters
Danger zone height c
Protective structure height a, b Chou
1000 1200 1400 1600① 1800 2000 2200 2400 2500
Horizontal distance from the danger zone of Ba
2700③ 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
2600③ 900 800 700 600 600 500 400 300 100
2400③ 1100 1000 900 800 700 600 400 300 100
1000③ 1500 1400 1000
800③ 1500 1300 900
600③ 1400 1300 800
400③ 1400 1200 400
200③ 1200 900 0
0③ 1100 500 0
900② 800 600
900② 800 600
900② 800 600
900② 800 500
900② 800 0
900② 700 0
000
000
000
000
000
000
000
a height of less than 1000mm protective structure are not included, because it can not effectively restrict body movement.
b protective structure is less than 1400mm, and if not security, should not be used.
c danger zone height see 4.2.1 above 2700mm.
d allowed.
e are not allowed.
Figure A. 3 cases of using Table 2 Example 3 ---
Example 4 For a high risk. If the height of the danger zone as Rao 1800mm, and if the protective structure is a height Chou = 2000mm
Grid (Table 2), safety distance = 600mm Ba. This grid with square openings (50mm × 50mm), derived from Table 4, the safety distance
Ju r = 850mm. We should adopt a greater safety distance.
GB 23821-2009/ISO 13857.2008
Appendix B
(Informative)
Prevent free access to the lower limbs distance
Additional protective structure may be used to limit the freedom of action in the lower extremity protection structure existing below. For this method, the present annex gives
The distance from the ground or shield plane structure to. This offers only limited protection, in many cases, there are other methods more
Be applicable.
Note. These are not safe distance away, it may take additional precautions to limit access.
The first case of the second case the third case
1 --- datum;
2 --- hip;
3 --- protective structure.
Figure B. A lower limb guard to prevent free movement of the following schematic structure
Table B. Restriction into the lower limbs of a distance suitable for human standing posture holding the support in the absence (FIG B.1) a particular case.
Table B. 1 value can not be used in occasions of slipping or misuse risk.
Distance value.
Table B. 1 to prevent the lower limbs of the distance in millimeters
The first case of the second case the third case
NOTE. narrow slot-like opening is larger than 180mm, the sides and circular opening is larger than 240mm in diameter when square openings, the whole body can enter and leave.
GB 23821-2009/ISO 13857.2008
references
[1] GB/T 16856.1 Safety of machinery - Risk assessment - Part 1. Principles.
[2] GB/T 19876 Safety of machinery and human body parts close to the speed of the positioning of protective equipment.
[3] ISO 14738 Safety of machinery design workbench anthropometric requirements.
[4] EN547-3 mechanical safety body dimensions - Part 3. anthropometric data.
GB 23821-2009/ISO 13857.2008
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