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Limits and measurement methods for exhaust pollutants from diesel engines of tri-wheel and low-speed goods vehicles
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GB 19756-2005: PDF in English GB 19756-2005
GB
NATIONAL STANDARD OF THE
PEOPLE’S REPUBLIC OF CHINA
ICS 13.040.50
Z 64
Limits and measurement methods for exhaust pollutants
from diesel engines of tri-wheel & low-speed goods vehicles
ISSUED ON: MAY 30, 2005
IMPLEMENTED ON: JANUARY 01, 2006
Issued by: State Environmental Protection Administration;
General Administration of Quality Supervision, Inspection and
Quarantine of PRC.
Table of Contents
Foreword ... 4
1 Scope ... 5
2 Normative references ... 5
3 Terms and definitions ... 6
4 Application and approval of type approval ... 9
5 Test classification and test method ... 11
6 Exhaust pollutant emission limits ... 11
7 Additional requirements for tri-wheel & low-speed goods vehicles ... 13
8 Diesel engine family and source engine ... 14
9 Implementation of standards ... 15
Appendix A (Normative) Materials for type approval application ... 16
Appendix B (Normative) Test procedure ... 28
Appendix C (Normative) Type approval certificate ... 72
Limits and measurement methods for exhaust pollutants
from diesel engines of tri-wheel & low-speed goods vehicles
1 Scope
This standard specifies the emission limits and measurement methods of exhaust
pollutants from diesel engines of tri-wheel & low-speed goods vehicles.
This standard is applicable to diesel engines which are installed in tri-wheel & low-
speed goods vehicles, as well as their vehicles.
If the diesel engines, which are installed in tri-wheel & low-speed goods vehicles, have
passed the type approval, according to GB 17691-2001 "Limits and measurement
methods for exhaust pollutants from compression ignition (C.I.) engines of vehicles",
THEN, the diesel engines installed in these vehicles do not need to be type approved in
accordance with this standard.
2 Normative references
The provisions in following documents become the provisions of this Standard through
reference in this Standard. For the dated references, the subsequent amendments
(excluding corrections) or revisions do not apply to this Standard; however, parties who
reach an agreement based on this Standard are encouraged to study if the latest versions
of these documents are applicable. For undated references, the latest edition of the
referenced document applies.
GB 252-2000 Light diesel fuels
GB 7258 Safety specifications for power-driven vehicles operating on roads
GB 17691-2001 Limits and measurement methods for exhaust pollutants from
compression ignition (C.I.) engines of vehicles
GB/T 17692-1999 Measurement methods of net power for automotive engines
GB/T 19147-2003 Automobile diesel fuels
GB 18322 Limits and measurement methods for smoke at free acceleration from
agricultural vehicles
3 Terms and definitions
The following terms and definitions apply to this standard.
3.1 Tri-wheel & low-speed goods vehicles
According to the provisions of GB 7258-2004:
Tri-wheel vehicles refer to freight vehicles, which have three wheels whose maximum
design speed is less than or equal to 50 km/h.
Low-speed goods vehicles refer to freight vehicles, which have four wheels whose
maximum design speed is less than 70 km/h.
3.2 Type approval of vehicle
It refers to the approval of a vehicle type for the emission level of exhaust pollutants.
3.3 Type approval of diesel engine
It refers to the approval of a diesel engine model for the emission level of diesel engine's
exhaust pollutants.
3.4 Diesel engine models
It refers to the same type of diesel engines, which have no difference in the basic
characteristic parameters of the diesel engine, as listed in Annex AA.
3.5 Diesel engine family
Refers to a group of diesel engines, which are designed by the manufacturer in
accordance with the provisions of Annex AB. These diesel engines have similar exhaust
emission characteristics; all diesel engines in the same family must meet the
corresponding emission limits.
3.6 Source engine
It refers to a diesel engine, which is selected from a diesel engine family, that can
represent the emission characteristics of the diesel engine family.
3.7 Exhaust pollutants
It refers to the gaseous pollutants and particulate matter, which is discharged from the
exhaust pipe of a diesel engine.
3.8 Gaseous pollutants
It refers to carbon monoxide (CO), hydrocarbons (HC), nitrogen oxides (NOx) in
4 Application and approval of type approval
4.1 Application for type approval
Manufacturers of tri-wheel & low-speed goods vehicles OR diesel engines for tri-wheel
& low-speed goods vehicles shall make application for the type approval, from the
emission type approval department, which is responsible for the emission of vehicle,
(hereinafter referred to as the "type approval authority"), on the exhaust pollutant
emission levels of the tri-wheel & low-speed goods vehicles and the diesel engines, that
meet the applicable scope of this standard.
4.1.1 Application for type approval of diesel engines for tri-wheel & low-speed goods
vehicles
4.1.1.1 Manufacturers of diesel engines for tri-wheel & low-speed goods vehicles shall
apply for type approval of the exhaust pollutant emission levels of diesel engines for
tri-wheel & low-speed goods vehicles.
4.1.1.2 Relevant technical materials for type approval shall be submitted, in accordance
with the requirements of Appendix A of this standard, including the description of the
diesel engine type or diesel engine family, that needs type approval (see Annex AA and
Annex AB for details).
4.1.1.3 It shall submit a diesel engine, that meets the characteristics of the "diesel engine
type" or "source engine", as described in Appendix A, to the inspection authority, which
is responsible for the type approval test; complete the test content specified in Article
5.2 of this standard.
4.1.2 Application for type approval of tri-wheel & low-speed goods vehicles
4.1.2.1 Application for type approval of models equipped with non-type approved
diesel engines
4.1.2.1.1 Manufacturers of tri-wheel & low-speed goods vehicles shall apply for type
approval, for the emission levels of exhaust pollutants, for the models which are
equipped with diesel engines or diesel engine families that have not been type-approved.
4.1.2.1.2 The relevant technical data for type approval shall be submitted, in accordance
with the requirements of Appendix A of this standard, including the type approval
vehicle type, its vehicle parts related to the diesel engine, the description of the diesel
engine model or diesel engine family (if applicable) ( See Annex AA, Annex AB, Annex
AC for details).
4.1.2.1.3 A diesel engine conforming to the characteristics of the "diesel engine type"
and "source engine", which is described in Appendix A, shall be submitted to the
inspection authority, which is responsible for the type approval test, to complete the test
content specified in Article 5.2 of this standard.
4.1.2.1.4 At the same time, the relevant materials of the test, in accordance with the
requirements of GB 18322, shall be submitted for the vehicle type approval.
4.1.2.2 Application for type approval for models equipped with type approved diesel
engines
4.1.2.2.1 Manufacturers of tri-wheel & low-speed goods vehicles shall apply for type
approval of the tri-wheel & low-speed goods vehicles, which are equipped with diesel
engines, that have been type-approved in terms of their exhaust pollutant emission
levels.
4.1.2.2.2 The relevant technical data for type approval shall be submitted, according to
the requirements of Appendix A of this standard, including the description of the type
approval vehicle type and the vehicle parts related to the diesel engine (see Appendix
AC for details).
4.1.2.2.3 A copy of the type approval certificate of the diesel engine type (or diesel
engine family) shall be submitted, at the same time.
4.1.2.2.4 At the same time, the relevant materials of the test, in accordance with the
requirements of GB 18322, shall be submitted for the vehicle type approval.
4.2 Approval of type approval
Diesel engines, that meet the requirements of Article 4.2.1 and Article 4.2.2 of this
standard, OR tri-wheel & low-speed goods vehicles, that meet Article 4.2.3 and Article
4.2.4 of this standard, shall be granted type approval and issued with the type approval
certificate, in accordance with Appendix C.
4.2.1 The diesel engine (source engine) shall be tested according to the provisions of
Appendix B of this standard. The exhaust pollutant emission shall meet the
requirements in Table 1 of Article 6.1 of this standard.
4.2.2 Discharge approval for family members
4.2.2.1 Except for the cases mentioned in Article 4.2.2.2, the type approval of the source
engine can be extended to all members of the family, without further testing.
4.2.2.2 Diesel engines for secondary inspection. For a type approval application for a
certain diesel engine, OR a diesel engine belonging to a certain diesel engine family
installed in a vehicle, if the competent authority for type approval considers that the
source engine selected for the application cannot fully represent the diesel engine family,
which is defined in Annex AB, the competent authority for type approval shall select
another diesel engine. If necessary, it may select an additional representative diesel
engine for testing.
Appendix A
(Normative)
Materials for type approval application
When applying for type approval of a new model (or diesel model), the following
materials, including the content table of contents, shall be provided in electronic
documents.
Schematic diagrams, if any, shall be of adequate detail and to a suitable scale. They
shall be A4 in format, OR folded to that size. Photographs, if available, shall show their
details. If the system, component or independent technical assembly is controlled by
microprocessor, its performance data shall be provided.
Model/source engine/diesel model 2):
A.1 Overview
A.1.1 Brand (commercial name of the manufacturer): _____________________
A.1.2 Model and commercial general description: _____________________
A.1.3 Model (or model) identification: _____________________
A.1.4 Vehicle category (if applicable): _____________________
A.1.5 Diesel engine category: _____________________
A.1.6 Name and address of the manufacturer: _____________________
A.1.7 Position and fixing method of identification plate and nameplate: ___________
A.1.8 Address of final assembly plant: _____________________
A.2 Accompanying documents
A.2.1 The basic characteristics of the diesel engine (Original engine) and relevant test
data.
A.2.2 Basic characteristics of diesel engine family.
A.2.3 Basic characteristics of each diesel model within the family.
A.2.4 Characteristics of vehicle components related to diesel engines (if any)
2) Cross out those that do not apply. [Translator’s note: Footnote numbering is incremented as per MS-Word’s
formatting]
B.2.1.2 Test validity
The test is considered valid, when the parameter F meets the following conditions:
B.2.2 Diesel engine intake system
A diesel engine intake system shall be adopted, which can control the intake vacuum
degree, when the engine is running at the maximum rated power and full load speed, so
that it is within the range of ±100 Pa of the specified upper limit.
B.2.3 Diesel engine exhaust system
A set of exhaust system shall be used, which can control the exhaust back pressure of
the diesel engine, when it is running at the maximum rated power and full load speed,
so that it is within the range of ±1000 Pa of the specified upper limit. The volume of
the system is within the range of ±40% of the volume, which is specified by the
manufacturer. If the exhaust system of the test room can represent the actual operating
conditions of the diesel engine, the exhaust system of the test room may be used. The
exhaust system shall meet the requirements for exhaust sampling. Such as Article
BA.3.4, as well as the description of "exhaust pipe" in Articles BD.2.1.1 and BD.2.2.2.
B.2.4 Cooling system
The diesel engine's cooling system used shall have sufficient capacity, to maintain the
diesel engine at the normal operating temperature, which is specified by the
manufacturer.
B.2.5 Lubricating oil
According to the provisions of Article AA.6.1, record the specifications, etc. of the
lubricating oil, which is used during the test
B.2.6 Fuels
The type approval test shall use diesel oil, which complies with the provisions of GB/T
19147-2003. The production consistency inspection test shall use the diesel oil, which
complies with the provisions of GB 252-2000.
The fuel temperature and measuring point shall be specified by the manufacturer; it
shall be within the limits given in Article AA.1.15.5; the fuel temperature shall not be
lower than 306 K (33 °C). If not specified, the temperature at the inlet of the fuel pump
shall be 311 K ± 5 K (38 °C ± 5 °C).
B.2.7 Determining the setting value of dynamometer
The full-load torque curve must be measured, through the test, so as to calculate the
shall then be stored in a closed but not airtight petri dish OR in a sealed filter paper
holder, until required for testing. If the filter paper (pair) is not used, within 1 h after it
is taken out of the weighing chamber, it must be re-pretreated and weighed before use.
B.3.2 Installation of measuring equipment
Install instruments and sampling probes as required. When the exhaust gas is diluted by
a full-flow dilution system, the exhaust tailpipe of the diesel engine shall be connected
to the system.
B.3.3 Start dilution system and diesel engine
The dilution system and diesel engine shall be started and preheated, until all
temperatures and pressures have stabilized at maximum power, as recommended by the
manufacturer and proven engineering experience.
B.3.4 Start the particulate sampling system
The particulate sampling system shall be started and run in bypass.
B.3.5 Adjust the dilution ratio
The setting of the dilution air shall ensure that, under any working conditions, the
temperature of the diluted exhaust air immediately before the primary filter paper of
particulate matter is not higher than 325 K (52 °C), meanwhile the dilution ratio (q) is
not less than 4.
For systems that control the dilution ratio, by measuring the CO2 or NOx concentration,
the CO2 or NOx content of the dilution air shall be measured, at the beginning and end
of each test. The background values of CO2 or NOx in the diluted air, which is measured
before and after the test, shall be within 100 pm or 5 ppm, respectively.
B.3.6 Check analyzer
The zero and span points of the exhaust gas analyzer shall be calibrated.
B.3.7 Test cycle
B.3.7.1 The operation of the test diesel engine on the dynamometer shall follow the
cycle of 13 working conditions, which are listed in Table B.1.
B.3.7.2 Test sequence
Run the test program. The test shall be carried out in the sequence of working condition
numbers listed in Article B.3.7.1. The diesel engine runs for 6 minutes, in each working
condition; the working condition conversion of the diesel engine's speed and load is
completed within 1 minute. The speed specified in each working condition shall be kept
within ±50 r/min; the specified torque shall be kept within ±2% of the maximum torque,
Annex BA
(Normative)
Measurement and sampling procedures
BA.1 Overview
Exhaust pollutants from diesel engines, which are submitted for testing, shall be
measured, using a system of the principle described in Annex BD. Annex BD
respectively describes the recommended gaseous pollutant analysis system (see Article
BD.1) and the recommended particle dilution and sampling system (see Article BD.2).
Gaseous pollutants shall be measured in the raw exhaust. If a full-flow dilution system
is used to measure particulate matter, gaseous pollutants can also be measured in the
diluted exhaust. Particulate matter can be measured by both full-flow and partial-flow
dilution systems.
BA.2 Dynamometer and test equipment
The diesel engine emission test, which is carried out on the engine dynamometer, shall
use the following equipment.
BA.2.1 Engine dynamometer
The test cycle, which is described in Annex B3.7, shall be carried out using an engine
dynamometer, which has appropriate characteristics. The accuracy of the speed
measuring system shall be ±2% of reading. The accuracy of the torque measuring
system shall be ±3% of reading, in the range greater than 20% of full range; it shall be
±0.6% of full range, in the range of less than or equal to 20% of full range.
BA.2.2 Other instruments
Measuring instruments for fuel consumption, air consumption, coolant and oil
temperature, exhaust pressure, air intake manifold vacuum, exhaust temperature, intake
air temperature, atmospheric pressure, humidity, fuel temperature shall be used, if
necessary. These instruments shall meet the requirements given in Table BA.1:
In order to calculate the emissions in the diluted exhaust, using a full-flow dilution
system, it is necessary to know the flow rate of the diluted exhaust (see Article
BC.1.1.4). The total mass flow rate (GTOT) of the diluted exhaust gas shall be measured
by PDP or CFV (Article BD.2.1.1). The accuracy of the measuring equipment shall be
±2% of reading or better, which shall be determined in accordance with Article BD.2.1.
BA.3 Measurement of gaseous components
BA.3.1 General technical specifications of analyzers
The analyzer shall have a suitable range, which can meet the accuracy, which is required
for measuring the concentration of gaseous pollutants (see Article BA.3.1.1). It is
recommended that the analyzer work according to the principle that “the concentration
of the measured gas pollutants shall be 15% ~ 100% of its full range”.
Measurements may also be made, if the readout system (computer, data logger) can
provide sufficient accuracy and resolution below 15% of full range. At this time, it is
necessary to add at least 4 equally spaced points for calibration (except the zero point)
to ensure the accuracy of the calibration curve, which is obtained in accordance with
Article BB.1.5.5.2.
The electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) of the equipment shall be such that additional
errors are minimized.
BA.3.1.1 Measurement error
The total measurement error, including cross effects on other gases (see Article BB.1.9),
shall not exceed ±5% of reading or ±3.5% of full range (whichever is smaller). For
concentrations lower than 100 ppm, the measurement error shall not exceed ±4 ppm.
BA.3.1.2 Repeatability
Definition of repeatability: 2.5 times the standard deviation of the 10 repeated response
values for a given calibration gas or span gas. For calibration gas or span gas, which is
greater than 155 ppm (or ppm C), its repeatability shall not exceed ±1% of the full-scale
concentration of the range; for calibration gas or span gas, which is below 155 ppm
(ppm C), the repeatability shall not exceed ±2% of the full-scale concentration of the
span concentration.
BA.3.1.3 Noise
Or for all ranges used, the peak-to-peak response value of the analyzer, for any 10 s
period of zero gas, calibration gas or span gas, shall not exceed ±2% of full range.
BA.3.1.4 Zero drift
For the lowest range used, the zero drift during 1 h shall be less than ± 2% of full range.
The sampling probe must be installed upstream from the outlet of the exhaust system,
at least 0.5 m or three times the diameter of the exhaust pipe (whichever is greater), as
far away as possible, but close enough to the diesel engine, to ensure that the exhaust
temperature at the probe is ≥ 343 K (70 °C).
For multi-cylinder diesel engines, which have branched exhaust manifolds, the inlet to
the probe shall be placed far enough downstream, to ensure that the sample gas
represents the average exhaust pollutants from all cylinders. If a multi-cylinder diesel
engine has grouped exhaust manifolds, such as a V-type diesel engine, it is allowed to
take separate samples from each group AND calculate the average exhaust emissions.
Other methods related to the methods described above may also be used. The
calculation of exhaust emissions must use the total exhaust mass flow.
BA.3.4.2 Sampling from diluted exhaust gas (optional)
The exhaust pipe – between the diesel engine and the full-flow dilution system – shall
meet the requirements of “EP” in Article BD.2.1.1.
The gaseous pollutant sampling probe shall be installed near the particulate sampling
probe, where the dilution air and exhaust gas have been fully mixed.
BA.4 Sampling of particulate matter
Particulate matter measurement requires a dilution system. Dilution can use partial flow
dilution system or full flow dilution system. The flow capacity of the dilution system
shall be able to completely eliminate the condensation of water, in the dilution and
sampling system; meanwhile make the temperature of the dilution exhaust immediately
upstream of the filter paper holder ≤ 325 K (52 °C). Dilution air is allowed to be
dehumidified, before entering the dilution system (especially for dilution air with
relatively high humidity); the temperature of the dilution air shall be 298 K ± 5 K (25 °C
± 5 °C).
Partial flow dilution systems are designed to split the exhaust flow into two parts, of
which the smaller part is sampled by the partial flow dilution system AND diluted with
air, for particulate measurement. The dilution ratio must therefore be determined very
precisely. Different methods of splitting can be applied; the form of splitting used
depends to a large extent on the sampling hardware and procedures used (see Article
BD.2.2). The particulate sampling probe shall be close to the gaseous pollutant
sampling probe; its installation position shall comply with the provisions of Article
BA.3.4.
To measure the mass of particulate matter, a particulate sampling system, particulate
sampling filter paper, microgram balance, weighing chamber with controlled
temperature and humidity are required.
For the sampling of particulate matter, the single-pair filter paper method shall be used,
......
Source: Above contents are excerpted from the PDF -- translated/reviewed by: www.chinesestandard.net / Wayne Zheng et al.
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