GB 16897-2022 PDF English
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Structure, performance requirements and test methods of brake hose
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| GB 16897-2010 | English | 85 |
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Brake hose -- Structure, performance and test methods
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GB 16897-2022: PDF in English GB 16897-2022
GB
NATIONAL STANDARD OF THE
PEOPLE’S REPUBLIC OF CHINA
ICS 43.040.40
CCS T 24
Replacing GB 16897-2010
Structure, Performance Requirements and Test Methods of
Brake Hose
ISSUED ON: AUGUST 31, 2022
IMPLEMENTED ON: JANUARY 1, 2023
Issued by: State Administration for Market Regulation;
Standardization Administration of the People’s Republic of China.
Table of Contents
Foreword ... 3
1 Scope ... 4
2 Normative References ... 4
3 Terms and Definitions ... 4
4 General Requirements ... 5
5 Hydraulic Brake Hose Assembly ... 6
6 Pneumatic Brake Rubber Hose Assembly ... 15
7 Vacuum Brake Hose Assembly ... 22
8 Pneumatic Brake Plastic Hose Assembly ... 28
9 Identification ... 43
10 Date of Implementation ... 45
Bibliography ... 46
Structure, Performance Requirements and Test Methods of
Brake Hose
1 Scope
This document specifies the structure, performance requirements, test methods and marking of
brake hoses, brake hose end fittings and brake hose assemblies for automobiles, motorcycles,
mopeds and trailers.
This document is applicable to hydraulic, pneumatic and vacuum brake hoses, as well as brake
hose end fittings and brake hose assemblies for automobiles, motorcycles, mopeds and trailers.
This document is not applicable to spiral pipes for automobiles and high-temperature gas
transmission rubber hoses.
2 Normative References
The contents of the following documents constitute indispensable clauses of this document
through the normative references in this text. In terms of references with a specified date, only
versions with a specified date are applicable to this document. In terms of references without a
specified date, the latest version (including all the modifications) is applicable to this document.
GB/T 1690-2010 Rubber, Vulcanized or Thermoplastic - Determination of the Effect of Liquids
GB/T 7129-2001 Rubber or Plastics Hoses - Determination of Volumetric Expansion
GB/T 10125-2021 Corrosion Tests in Artificial Atmospheres - Salt Spray Tests
GB 12981-2012 Motor Vehicle Brake Fluids
GB/T 14905-2020 Rubber and Plastics Hoses - Determination of Adhesion between
Components
3 Terms and Definitions
The following terms and definitions are applicable to this document.
3.1 Brake Hose
Brake hose refers to a flexible hose used in the braking system to transmit hydraulic and
pneumatic energy to a brake or booster.
3.2 Brake Hose End Fitting
Brake hose end fitting refers to an accessory, except the clamp, attached to the end of the brake
hose for connection.
3.3 Brake Hose Assembly
Brake hose assembly refers to a brake hose fitted with brake hose end fitting.
NOTE: the brake hose can have armor or no armor.
3.4 Armor
Armor refers to a protective device mounted on the outside of the brake hose to increase the
resistance of the brake hose to scratches or impacts.
3.5 Free Length
Free length refers to the straight length of the exposed brake hose between the hose end fittings
when the brake hose assembly is in the vertical state.
3.6 Nominal Inside Diameter
Nominal inside diameter refers to the dimensions of the inside diameter of the brake hose
expressed in millimeters.
3.7 Nominal Outside Diameter
Nominal outside diameter refers to the dimensions of the outside diameter of the brake hose
expressed in millimeters.
4 General Requirements
4.1 The brake hose assembly used for the test shall be an unused product manufactured at least
24 h ago. Before the test, the brake hose assembly shall be placed at 15 C ~ 32 C for at least
4 h.
4.2 The brake fluid used in the test of the hydraulic brake hose assembly shall be HZY3 or
HZY4 specified in GB 12981-2012. Alternatively, other test media may also be used for the
test, but they shall be indicated in the test report.
4.3 Unless there are special requirements, the test shall be carried out at a room temperature of
15 C ~ 32 C.
4.4 The nominal inside diameter and nominal outside diameter allow the existence of positive
and negative deviations, and for ease of reference, integers can be used. Among them, hydraulic
brake hoses and other rubber brake hoses are expressed by nominal inside diameters, and
pneumatic brake plastic hoses and vacuum brake plastic hoses are expressed by nominal outside
5.3.11.1.1 The pressure circulating device shall be able to apply a pressure of 11 MPa and
automatically control the pressurization and depressurization cycle.
5.3.11.1.2 It shall have a test chamber with a suitable thermostatically controlled heating system
capable of maintaining a temperature of 143 C 3 C.
5.3.11.2 Test procedures
5.3.11.2.1 Connect the hydraulic brake hose assembly specimen to a pressure circulating device
that can generate a pressure of 0 MPa ~ 11 MPa.
5.3.11.2.2 Fill the pressure circulating device and the specimen with the brake fluid that
complies with the stipulations of 4.2, and discharge the air.
5.3.11.2.3 Within 30 min, make the ambient temperature in the test chamber reach 143 C 3
C.
5.3.11.2.4 Turn on the pressure circulating device. Within 2 s, increase the pressure of the
specimen from 0 MPa to 11 MPa 0.1 MPa, and maintain for 60 s 6 s, then, within the same
time, decrease the pressure of the specimen from 11 MPa 0.1 MPa to 0 MPa, and maintain
for 60 s 6 s. This is one cycle. At least 150 cyclic tests shall be performed.
5.3.11.2.5 After the test is completed, remove the specimen from the test chamber; drain the
brake fluid; at room temperature, place it for at least 45 min.
5.3.11.2.6 In accordance with the stipulations of 5.3.3, carry out the test.
5.3.12 Corrosion resistance of end fitting
In accordance with the stipulations of GB/T 10125-2012, carry out the neutral salt spray test;
the test time is 24 h. After the test, use clean running water not higher than 40 C to gently wash
it, so as to remove the salt deposits. Then, within 2 min, use air to blow-dry it; check and record
the corrosion of the metal substrate, excluding the corrosion of the folds or marked parts.
6 Pneumatic Brake Rubber Hose Assembly
6.1 Structure
The pneumatic brake rubber hose assembly is composed of metal-based brake hose end fittings
(or clamps) at both ends and a brake hose in the middle.
6.2 Performance Requirements
The pneumatic brake rubber hose assembly or the corresponding parts shall be tested in
accordance with 6.3. The test results shall satisfy the various performance requirements
specified in Table 6.
S---the length change rate, expressed in (%);
S1---when the pressure is 0.1 MPa, the distance between the interval marking lines, expressed
in (mm);
S2---when the pressure is 1.4 MPa, the distance between the interval marking lines, expressed
in (mm).
6.3.5 Bursting strength
After the pneumatic brake rubber hose assembly specimen is tested in accordance with 5.3.12,
connect one end of the specimen to the pressure system; fill it with water; exhaust all the air,
then, plug the other end. At a speed of 6.2 MPa/min 0.7 MPa/min, apply the pressure, until
the end fitting of the specimen falls off, leaks, or the hose is damaged. Record the maximum
pressure and the type of damage.
6.3.6 Tensile strength
In accordance with 5.3.6, carry out the test. The tensile speed is 25 mm/min 3 mm/min.
6.3.7 Bonding strength
In accordance with the stipulations of GB/T 14905-2020, carry out the bonding strength test
between the outer rubber layer and the reinforcement layer. The specimen type is Type 8; the
speed is 25 mm/min 5 mm/min.
6.3.8 Heat resistance
Bundle the pneumatic brake rubber hose assembly specimen 360 around the mandrel specified
in Table 9. Place the mandrel with the bundled specimen in a high-temperature test chamber at
100 C 2 C, maintain for 70 h 2 h, then, take it out and cool to room temperature. Remove
the specimen from the mandrel and straighten it; along the longitudinal direction, cut the
specimen. Check with the naked eye whether there are cracks, carbonization or thermal
degradation on the inner and outer surfaces of the specimen, and record them.
In accordance with 6.3.1, carry out the test.
8.3.3 Dimensional stability after high-temperature resistance
Place the plastic hose specimen in a high-temperature test chamber at 110 C 2 C and
maintain for 4.0 h ~ 4.5 h. After taking it out, place it at room temperature for 30 min 2 min,
then, measure the wall thickness and outside diameter of the specimen. The outside diameter
shall be measured in two perpendicular directions of the cross-section of the specimen. Take
the arithmetic mean of the measurement results in the two directions as the measured value of
the outside diameter of the cross-section. Take the arithmetic mean of the measured values of
the outside diameter of three cross-sections as the final test result.
8.3.4 Dimensional stability after boiling
Use a stainless steel wire rope to fix the plastic hose specimen in a container filled with distilled
water. The size of the container shall be such that the specimen does not contact the inner wall
of the container. Heat the container, until the water boils, and lasts for 2 h. When the distilled
water in the container is insufficient, slowly add water, so as to ensure that the distilled water
in the container remains boiling. After the test is completed, take the specimen out of the
container and place it at room temperature for 30 min 2 min. After using a clean rag to wipe
off the distilled water on the surface of the specimen, in accordance with the stipulations of
8.3.3, measure the wall thickness and outside diameter of the specimen.
8.3.5 Bursting strength
Connect one end of the pneumatic brake plastic hose assembly specimen to the pressure system;
fill it with water; exhaust all the air, then, plug the other end. At a speed of 20 MPa/min 4
MPa/min, apply a pressure, until the end fitting of the specimen falls off, leaks, or the hose
bursts. Record the maximum pressure and the type of damage.
8.3.6 Resistance to heat and humidity
Place the plastic hose specimen in a constant temperature and humidity test chamber at 110 C
2 C and maintain for 24 h ~ 25 h. Within 30 s after it is taken out, weigh it, accurate to 0.01
g. Plug both ends of the specimen; place it in a constant temperature and humidity test chamber
with a relative humidity of 95% and a temperature of 24 C 2 C and maintain for 100 h 2
h. Take out the specimen; use a clean rag to wipe off the water stains on the surface. Within 5
min, re-weigh it and record the mass, accurate to 0.01 g. In accordance with Formula (4),
calculate the water absorption of the specimen. Install end fittings to both ends of the weighed
specimen, then, in accordance with 8.3.5, carry out the test.
Where,
W---the water absorption, expressed in (%);
maintain for 70 h ~ 72 h. After taking out the specimen, place it at room temperature for 30 min
2 min. Then, place the specimen, together with the test device shown in Figure 10, in a low-
temperature test chamber at 40 C 2 C and maintain for 4.0 h ~ 4.5 h. At this temperature,
in accordance with 8.3.7.2.4 and 8.3.7.2.5, carry out the impact test. Place the impacted
specimen at room temperature for 1 h ~ 1.5 h. Install end fittings at both ends of the specimen,
then, in accordance with 8.3.5, carry out the test.
8.3.11 Bursting strength after boiling resistance
In accordance with 8.3.4, carry out the water boiling test on the plastic hose specimen. After
taking out the specimen, place it at room temperature for 30 min 2 min. Then, place the
specimen, together with the test device shown in Figure 10, in a low-temperature test chamber
at 40 C 2 C and maintain for 4.0 h ~ 4.5 h. At this temperature, in accordance with 8.3.7.2.4
and 8.3.7.2.5, carry out the impact test. Place the impacted specimen at room temperature for
1.0 h ~ 1.5 h. Install end fittings at both ends of the specimen, then, in accordance with 8.3.5,
carry out the test.
8.3.12 Bursting strength after oil resistance
In accordance with 7.3 of GB/T 1690-2010, carry out the test. The test temperature is 100 C
2 C; the test time is 70 h ~ 72 h; the test medium is IRM903 standard oil specified in Table A.3
of GB/T 1690-2010. After taking out the specimen, place it at room temperature for 30 min
2 min; wipe off the oil stains on the outer surface of the specimen. Install end fittings at both
ends of the specimen, then, in accordance with 8.3.5, carry out the test.
8.3.13 Bendability after high and low-temperature resistance
Place the plastic hose specimen in a high-temperature test chamber at 110 C 2 C and
maintain for 24 h ~ 25 h. After taking it out, place it at room temperature for 30 min 2 min.
Then, place the specimen, together with a mandrel whose diameter is 6 times the nominal
outside diameter of the plastic hose, in a low-temperature test chamber at 40 C 2 C and
maintain for 4.0 h ~ 4.5 h. At this temperature, at a constant speed and within 4 s ~ 8 s, bend
the specimen around the mandrel at least 180; check whether there are cracks on the outer
surface of the hose.
8.3.14 Zinc chloride resistance
Plug both ends of the plastic hose specimen, then, bend the specimen at least 180 and fix it on
the mandrel specified in Table 20 (the material of the mandrel cannot chemically react with the
test solution). Soak them together in 50% zinc chloride (chemically pure) solution for 200 h ~
202 h. Take out the mandrel that fixes the specimen; in this state, use a 7 times magnifying glass
to check cracks on the outer surface of the specimen.
8.3.15 Methanol resistance
In accordance with 8.3.14, carry out the test. The test solution is 95% methanol.
In accordance with 5.3.6, carry out the test. The free length of the pneumatic brake plastic hose
assembly specimen is 150 mm 3 mm; the tensile speed is 25 mm/min 3 mm/min.
8.3.19 Stretchability after boiling resistance
8.3.19.1 Test device
Between the upper and lower connectors of the tensile machine, install a container that can be
heated. The lower device of the container can be connected with the lower end of the tensile
machine. The upper device of the container ensures that the pneumatic brake plastic hose
assembly specimen can be quickly subjected to the tensile test after being boiled in water for 5
min ~ 6 min.
8.3.19.2 Test procedures
Through the lower device of the container, vertically install the pneumatic brake plastic hose
assembly specimen with a free length of 150 mm 3 mm on the tensile machine. Add distilled
water that can immerse the specimen with a length of 100 mm 3 mm into the container, then,
heat the container, until the water temperature is 95 C 5 C; maintain for 5 min ~ 6 min.
Connect the upper end fitting of the specimen to the tensile machine. At a speed of 25 mm/min
3 mm/min, carry out the tensile test, until the end fitting of the specimen falls off or the hose
is damaged. Record the maximum load and the type of damage.
8.3.20 Stretchability after alternating cold - boiling resistance
Place the pneumatic brake plastic hose assembly specimen with a free length of 150 mm 3
mm in a low-temperature test chamber at 40 C 2 C and maintain for 30 min 5 min. Then,
take out the specimen; place it at room temperature for 30 min 5 min. In accordance with the
stipulations of 8.3.4, boil it in water for 15 min 2 min; take out the specimen; place it at room
temperature for 30 min 5 min. This is one cycle. A total of 4 cyclic tests shall be carried out.
After the test is completed, in accordance with 5.3.6, carry out the test; the tensile speed is 25
mm/min 3 mm/min.
8.3.21 Vibration resistance
8.3.21.1 Test equipment
8.3.21.1.1 The vibration testing machine shall be able to adjust the vibration frequency and
amplitude.
8.3.21.1.2 The vibration testing machine shall have an air source for supplying air pressure to
the specimen.
8.3.21.1.3 The vibration testing machine shall maintain stable and avoid resonance.
8.3.21.1.4 The vibration testing machine shall be equipped with an instrument and meter for
measuring the leakage of the specimen.
The identification strip shall be located on the outer surface of the brake hose and parallel to
the longitudinal axis of the brake hose; its width shall not be less than 1.6 mm, and shall be
clearly visible. The identification strip shall be marked with the identification content specified
in 9.1.3, and its identification requirements shall comply with the stipulations of 9.1.2.
Hydraulic brake hoses using petroleum-based brake fluid shall have a green identification strip.
9.1.2 Identification requirements
For the identification of each brake hose, the interval from the end of one identification to the
beginning of the other identification shall be less than 152 mm; the identification content shall
be expressed by printed English letters or numbers; the height of the font shall be greater than
3.2 mm.
9.1.3 Identification content
See the identification content below:
a) Serial No. of Standard: “GB 16897”.
b) Date of manufacture.
c) Manufacturer or its abbreviation.
d) Nominal size: for rubber brake hose and hydraulic plastic brake hose, expressed as
the nominal inside diameter plus the unit symbol of millimeter; for pneumatic brake
plastic hose and vacuum brake plastic hose, expressed as the diameter symbol “”,
followed by the “nominal outside diameter of hose wall thickness”.
Example 1: hydraulic brake hose with a nominal inside diameter of 3.2 mm is expressed as
“3.2 mm”.
Example 2: plastic brake hose with a nominal outside diameter of 12 mm and a wall thickness
of 1.5 mm is expressed as “12 1.5”.
e) Type of hose: the standard expansion hydraulic brake hose is expressed as “HR”, and
the low expansion hydraulic brake hose is expressed as “HL”; the pneumatic brake
hose is expressed as “A”; the thick wall vacuum brake hose is expressed as “VH”,
and the thin wall vacuum brake hose is expressed as “VL”.
9.2 End Fitting of Brake Hose
Except for the brake hose assembly whose end fitting is deformed relative to the brake hose by
crumpling, cold extrusion, thermal bonding or press-fitting processes, at least one of the brake
hose end fittings shall have an identification expressed through the method of etching,
embossing or bonding. This identification shall be expressed by printed English letters or
numbers; the height shall not be less than 1.6 mm. The identification content is the abbreviation
of the manufacturer or a traceable identification of the manufacturer.
9.3 Brake Hose Assembly
9.3.1 For the brake hose assembly with end fittings installed through the processes of crumpling,
cold extrusion, thermal bonding or press-fitting, the identification shall be made in accordance
with the stipulations of 9.3.2 or 9.3.3
9.3.2 In accordance with the position recommended by the assembly manufacturer, add a band
identification on the brake hose assembly. The band identification shall freely move along the
longitudinal axis of the brake hose assembly between the end fittings of both ends. The band
identification shall be expressed by printed English letters or numbers with a height of not less
than 3.2 mm through the method of etching, embossing or bonding. See the identification
content below:
a) Serial No. of Standard: “GB 16897”;
b) Date of manufacture;
c) Manufacturer or its abbreviation.
9.3.3 For the brake hose assembly with end fittings installed through the processes of crumpling,
cold extrusion, thermal bonding or press-fitting, at least one end of the brake hose assembly
shall have an identification on the end fitting. The identification shall be expressed through the
method of etching, embossing or bonding. Indicate the manufacturer’s abbreviation or a
traceable identification of the manufacturer of the brake hose assembly with printed letters or
numbers with a height of not less than 1.6 mm.
10 Date of Implementation
For models with newly applied vehicle type approval, this Standard shall be implemented from
the date of implementation.
For models that have obtained vehicle type approval, this Standard shall be implemented in the
7th month from the date of implementation.
......
Source: Above contents are excerpted from the PDF -- translated/reviewed by: www.chinesestandard.net / Wayne Zheng et al.
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