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Retro-reflective devices and markings for motor vehicles
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Retro reflector for motor vehicles
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Motor vehicles and trailers--Reflex reflecting devices--Specifications
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PDF Preview: GB 11564-2024
GB 11564-2024: PDF in English GB 11564-2024
GB
NATIONAL STANDARD OF THE
PEOPLE’S REPUBLIC OF CHINA
ICS 43.040.20
CCS T 38
Replacing GB 11564-2008, GB 19151-2003, GB 23254-2009, GB 25990-2010
Retro-reflective Devices and Markings for Motor Vehicles
ISSUED ON: SEPTEMBER 29, 2024
IMPLEMENTED ON: JULY 1, 2025
Issued by: State Administration for Market Regulation;
Standardization Administration of the People’s Republic of China.
Table of Contents
Foreword ... 3
1 Scope ... 5
2 Normative References ... 5
3 Terms and Definitions ... 6
4 Requirements ... 10
5 Test Methods ... 24
6 Judgment of the Same Type ... 40
7 Inspection Rules ... 40
8 Equipment and Installation Requirements ... 46
9 Implementation of Standard ... 46
Appendix A (informative) CIE Co-ordinate System for Retro-reflection ... 47
Appendix B (normative) Requirements for the Shape and Dimensions of Retro-
reflective Area of Retro-reflective Device ... 48
Appendix C (normative) Requirements for the Test Device of Luminosity Properties
... 55
Appendix D (normative) Test Equipment and Method of Triangles ... 58
Appendix E (normative) Test Procedures of Type Inspection ... 60
Appendix F (normative) Pasting or Installation Requirements for Retro-reflective
Marking ... 66
Appendix G (normative) Installation Requirements for Marking Plate ... 80
Retro-reflective Devices and Markings for Motor Vehicles
1 Scope
This document stipulates the requirements, test methods, judgment of the same type, inspection
rules, equipment and installation requirements for the retro-reflective devices and markings for
motor vehicles.
This document is applicable to the design, production, inspection and installation of retro-
reflectors, retro-reflective markings of carriage, rear marking plate for vehicles and their trailers,
and warning triangles for motor vehicles installed, pasted or equipped on motor vehicles.
2 Normative References
The contents of the following documents constitute indispensable clauses of this document
through the normative references in the text. In terms of references with a specified date, only
versions with a specified date are applicable to this document. In terms of references without a
specified date, the latest version (including all the modifications) is applicable to this document.
GB/T 2423.1 Environmental Testing for Electric and Electronic Products - Part 2: Test Methods
- Tests A: Cold
GB/T 2423.2 Environmental Testing for Electric and Electronic Products - Part 2: Test Methods
- Tests B: Dry Heat
GB/T 2423.17 Environmental Testing for Electric and Electronic Products - Part 2: Test
Methods - Test Ka: Salt Mist
GB/T 3681.2-2021 Plastics - Methods of Exposure to Solar Radiation - Part 2: Direct
Weathering and Exposure behind Window Glass
GB/T 3978-2008 Standard Illuminants and Geometric Conditions
GB/T 3979 Methods for the Measurement of Object Color
GB 4785 Prescription for Installation of the External Lighting and Light-signaling Devices for
Motor Vehicles and Their Trailers
GB/T 8427 Textiles - Tests for Color Fastness - Color Fastness to Artificial Light: Xenon Arc
Fading Lamp Test
GB/T 10485 Road Vehicles - Lighting and Light-signaling Devices - Environmental Endurance
GB/T 16422.2 Plastics - Methods of Exposure to Laboratory Light Sources - Part 2: Xenon-arc
Lamps
After carrying out the solvent resistance test in accordance with the method specified in 5.7,
there shall be no obvious change or deformation in the retro-reflective area of the retro-
reflective device, and there shall be no adhesion between the triangles and their protective
devices. The nighttime color of the retro-reflector re-tested in accordance with the method
specified in 5.4.1 shall comply with the requirements of 4.1.4.1; the daytime color of other
retro-reflective devices re-tested in accordance with the method specified in 5.4.2 shall comply
with the requirements of 4.1.4.2. Re-test the luminosity properties in accordance with the
method specified in 5.3.5, and the coefficient of luminous intensity of the triangles shall not be
less than 80% of the value specified in Table 4. Other retro-reflective devices shall comply with
the requirements of 4.1.3.
4.1.7 Temperature resistance
After carrying out the temperature resistance performance test in accordance with the method
specified in 5.8, the retro-reflective area of the retro-reflector shall have no obvious cracks,
deformation and other defects; the retro-reflective sheeting and fluorescent materials shall have
no wrinkles, bubbles, peeling and other defects; the protective devices for the triangles shall be
easy to open and not stick or tear. After the high-temperature resistance test, the retro-reflector
shall be tested for luminosity properties in accordance with the method specified in 5.3.1, and
shall comply with the requirements of 4.1.3; other retro-reflective devices shall be re-tested for
luminosity properties in accordance with the method specified in 5.3.5; the coefficient of
luminous intensity of the triangles shall not be less than 80% of the value specified in Table 4;
other retro-reflective devices shall comply with the requirements of 4.1.3.
4.1.8 Salt spray corrosion resistance
After carrying out the salt spray corrosion test in accordance with the method specified in 5.9,
the retro-reflective device (except the triangles) shall have no trace of corrosion. The luminosity
properties re-tested in accordance with the method specified in 5.3.5 shall comply with the
requirements of 4.1.3. The nighttime color of the retro-reflector re-tested in accordance with
the method specified in 5.4.1 shall comply with the requirements of 4.1.4.1, and the daytime
color of other retro-reflectors re-tested in accordance with the method specified in 5.4.2 shall
comply with the requirements of 4.1.4.2; the retro-reflective sheeting and fluorescent materials
shall be free of softening, wrinkles, bubbles, discoloration and other defects, and the 180 peel
strength of the backing adhesive shall be not less than 20 N/50 mm.
4.1.9 Impact resistance
After carrying out the impact resistance test in accordance with the method specified in 5.10,
the retro-reflective area of Class IV A retro-reflector and retro-reflector for the markings of
carriage shall manifest no cracks; the retro-reflective sheeting for the markings of carriage and
the marking plate shall have no cracks, interlayer detachment or other damage outside the
circular area with the impact point as the center and a radius of 6 mm.
4.2 Special Requirements
4.2.1 Retro-reflector
4.2.1.1 Structure
The structure of the retro-reflector shall comply with the following requirements:
a) The retro-reflector has a stable structure and its constituent parts are not easy to
disassemble;
b) The retro-reflecting optical units of the retro-reflector cannot be replaced, but for
Class III A or Class III B retro-reflectors whose retro-reflective area is composed of
independent retro-reflecting optical units, each independent retro-reflecting optical
unit is allowed to be replaced with a Class I A retro-reflector;
c) The inner surface of the retro-reflecting optical unit cannot be in direct contact;
d) When it is composed of an optical unit and a color filter, the required color of the
color filter shall not be obtained by painting.
4.2.1.2 Wear resistance of mirror back
The mirror back of the retro-reflector is open or detachable, and the mirror back test of the
retro-reflecting optical unit shall be carried out in accordance with the method specified in
5.11.2. After the test, the luminosity properties re-tested in accordance with the method
specified in 5.3.5 shall not be lower than 60% of those before the test.
4.2.2 Material of retro-reflective marking
4.2.2.1 Retro-reflective sheeting for the markings of carriage
4.2.2.1.1 Markings
The retro-reflective area of the white unit of Class A retro-reflective marking shall be marked
with the manufacturer’s logo and material grade, etc. by printing or molding; the retro-reflective
area of Class B retro-reflective marking shall be marked with the manufacturer’s logo, etc. by
printing or molding; the distance between adjacent markings shall be no more than 500 mm.
The applied markings shall be easily identifiable, and printed markings shall be on the inner
surface of the facing.
4.2.2.1.2 Washdown resistance
After carrying out the washdown resistance test in accordance with the method specified in
5.11.3, the retro-reflective sheeting for the markings of carriage shall not manifest damage,
color falling-off, wrinkles, as well as edge warps and peeling off, etc.
4.2.2.1.3 Bending resistance
After carrying out the bending resistance test in accordance with the method specified in 5.11.4,
the retro-reflective sheeting for the markings of carriage shall not manifest any traces of cracks,
peeling or interlayer detachment.
force shall not be greater than 40 mm, and the displacement after the external force is removed
shall not be greater than 5 mm.
4.2.3.3.2 Rear marking plate for heavy vehicles and long vehicles
When conducting the robustness test in accordance with the method specified in 5.11.6.2, the
displacement of the rear marking plate for heavy vehicles and long vehicles in the loaded state
shall not be greater than 1/20 of the distance between two supports, and the displacement after
the load is removed shall not be greater than 1/5 of the loaded state.
4.2.4 Triangles
4.2.4.1 Composition and structure
The triangles shall be composed of retro-reflective area, bracket and protective device. Each
constituent part shall comply with the following provisions:
a) Each constituent part is not easy to disassemble;
b) The fluorescent area and the reflective area of the retro-reflective area are concentric
equilateral triangles, and the discontinuous area of the retro-reflecting optical unit is
red;
c) When unfolded, the bracket can support the retro-reflective area at a certain height
from the ground, the distance between the support surface and the bottom edge of the
triangles is not greater than 300 mm, and the included angle between the axis of
reference of the retro-reflective area and the ground plane is not greater than 5;
d) When folded and placed in the protective device, the retro-reflective area, bracket and
movable components cannot be disassembled;
e) The protective device can prevent the triangles from being corroded.
4.2.4.2 Shape visibility
When carrying out the shape visibility test in accordance with the method specified in 5.11.7,
the shape of the triangles shall be clearly identifiable.
4.2.4.3 Ground clearance
When carrying out the ground clearance test in accordance with the method specified in 5.11.8,
there shall be a position where all the supporting legs of the triangles can simultaneously fall
on the horizontal reference plane, and outside the area covered by the test equipment, the
distance between the retro-reflective area of the triangles and their brackets (except the
supporting legs) and the horizontal reference plane shall be no less than 50 mm.
4.2.4.4 Structural stability
When carrying out the structural stability test in accordance with the method specified in 5.11.9,
during the test, the displacement of the vertex of the triangles shall not be greater than 5 cm;
after the test, the position of the vertex shall not be significantly different from the initial
position.
4.2.4.5 Wind resistance stability
When carrying out the wind resistance stability test in accordance with the method specified in
5.11.10, after the test, the triangles shall not tip over, the displacement of the supporting legs
shall not be greater than 5 cm, and the rotation of the retro-reflective area around the horizontal
or vertical axis shall not be greater than 10.
4.2.4.6 Wear resistance of mirror back
For triangles that are accessible on the mirror back of the retro-reflecting optical unit, the mirror
back test of the retro-reflecting optical unit shall be carried out in accordance with the method
specified in 5.11.2. After the test, the luminosity properties re-tested in accordance with the
method specified in 5.3.5 shall not be lower than 60% of those before the test.
4.3 Special Requirements for Materials
4.3.1 Weather resistance
After the weather resistance test is carried out in accordance with the method specified in 5.12.1,
there shall be no obvious cracks, scratches, dents, bubbles, wrinkles, erosion, peeling,
powdering or deformation on the surface of the retro-reflective sheeting for the markings of
carriage and the marking plate, and there shall be no shrinkage or expansion of more than 1 mm
at the edge, nor shall there be debonding from the edge of the bottom plate. The retro-reflector
for the markings of carriage shall not have cracks, deformation or powdering; for the luminosity
properties re-tested in accordance with the method specified in 5.3.5, the retro-reflective
sheeting for the markings of carriage shall not be less than 80% of the value specified in Table
5; the marking plate shall not be less than 80% of the value specified in Table 6; the retro-
reflector for the markings of carriage shall not be less than 80% of the value specified in Table
3; the daytime color re-tested in accordance with the method specified in 5.4.2 shall comply
with the requirements of 4.1.4.2.
NOTE: when the results of the natural exposure test conflict with the results of the artificial climate
accelerated aging test, the results of the natural exposure test shall prevail.
4.3.2 Adhesion properties
When carrying out the adhesion properties test in accordance with the method specified in
5.12.2, the 180 peel strength of the backing adhesive of retro-reflective sheeting and
fluorescent materials used to make the retro-reflective devices shall not be less than 25 N/50
mm.
4.3.3 Color fastness to light
The triangle samples are 4 triangles provided by the manufacturer, at least 2 protective devices
and 2 fluorescent materials samples used by the triangles. The dimensions of the fluorescent
materials samples are 50 mm 150 mm.
5.1.2 Standard environment
The temperature is 23 C 2 C and the relative humidity is (50 10)%.
5.1.3 Disposal of test samples
Unless otherwise specified, before testing, test samples shall be placed in a standard
environment for 24 hours.
5.2 Appearance, Shape, Dimensions and Color Inspection
In an environment with illumination greater than 150 lx, visually inspect the samples and use a
steel ruler with an accuracy of not less than 1 mm to measure the dimensions.
5.3 Test of Luminosity Properties
5.3.1 Coefficient of luminous intensity
5.3.1.1 Test equipment
The test equipment shall comply with the requirements of Appendix C.
5.3.1.2 Test control
Test control includes the following content:
a) The laboratory shall have good air-tight and dustproof measures;
b) The laboratory shall take measures to ensure that each photometer probe is not
affected by reflected light from laboratory walls, floors and indoor objects;
c) Air flow disturbance in the test area shall not affect the test accuracy;
d) The temperature of the area where the test equipment and sensors are located shall be
controlled at 23 C 5 C, unless the sensors are equipped with a constant-
temperature control (or compensation) device;
e) The relative humidity of the test area shall not be higher than 80%;
f) In the state of preparing for measurement, the photometer indication caused by stray
light in the dark room shall not be greater than 1.0 mcd/lx.
5.3.1.3 Sample installation and adjustment
When installing the retro-reflective device sample, the reference center of the sample shall
coincide with the rotation center of the rotation device. Under this condition, when the axis of
reference of the sample coincides with the illumination axis, 1 = 2 = 0. For triangle samples,
the plane with the illumination axis perpendicular to the lower side of the triangles is allowed
to be 1 = 2 = 0; samples with an installation marking shall be installed with the installation
marking at the upper end or with the installation marking pointing upward.
5.3.1.4 Test process
5.3.1.4.1 Retro-reflector
The test of luminosity properties of the retro-reflector shall be carried out in accordance with
the following requirements.
a) In accordance with the drawings and instructions provided by the manufacturer,
determine the reference point, axis of reference and boundary of retro-reflective area
of the test samples.
b) The test of luminosity properties of Class I retro-reflectors is only conducted on the
retro-reflective area within a circle with a diameter of 200 mm, and the total area of
the retro-reflective area within the circle is not greater than 100 cm2; the test of
luminosity properties of Class III retro-reflectors and Class IV A retro-reflectors is
conducted on the entire retro-reflective area.
c) Under the condition of 1 = 2 = 0, slightly rotate the sample to check whether there
is specular reflection. If so, keep 2 unchanged at 0, and read 1 within the range of
5 ~ 5. Under the condition of eliminating specular reflection, take the maximum
value of the coefficient of luminous intensity as the test result at this angle.
d) When testing a sample without installation marking under = 20, 1 = 2 = 0 or the
angle conditions determined in c), rotate the sample around the axis of reference, so
that the direction of the maximum value of the coefficient of luminous intensity is the
direction of = 0; at other and angles, if the test result does not comply with the
requirements of 4.1.3.1.1, is allowed to be adjusted within the range of 5 ~ 5.
e) When testing a sample with installation marking under = 20, 1 = 2 = 0 or the
angle conditions determined in c), can be adjusted within the range of 5 ~ 5, so
that the result complies with the requirements of 4.1.3.1.1.
f) When the coefficient of luminous intensity under the conditions of 1 = 2 = 0 and
= 0 exceeds 50% of the values specified in Table 1 and Table 2, then, the coefficient
of luminous intensity at the remaining and angles is tested under the condition of
= 0.
g) For samples with multiple reference axes, each reference axis or the most marginal
reference axis shall be installed in accordance with 5.3.1.3, and then, tested.
h) Under = 20, 1 = 2 = 0 or the angle conditions determined in c), the sample with
the test sample is composed of multiple samples, then, the colors and directions of different
samples shall be the same and in the same plane, and the sample gap shall be less than 0.5 mm.
5.3.2.1.2 Marking plate
Cut a retro-reflective sheeting sample with dimensions of 100 mm 100 mm from the provided
retro-reflective sheeting sample. In accordance with the method specified in 5.3.1, test the
coefficient of luminous intensity of the sample at the angle specified in Table 6. Multiply it by
100 to obtain the coefficient of retroreflection at this angle.
5.3.2.2 Substitution method
Use the test equipment that complies with the requirements of 5.3.1.1, through the reference
standard with known coefficient of retroreflection, under the same conditions of , 1 and 2,
measure the coefficient of retroreflection of the retro-reflective sheeting sample for the
markings of carriage or the retro-reflective sheeting on the marking plate sample, and the test
angle shall comply with the provisions of Table 5 or Table 6. During the test, the coefficient of
retroreflection of at least 5 different areas shall be tested, and take their arithmetic mean as the
test result.
5.3.3 Luminosity uniformity
5.3.3.1 Retro-reflector
Use the test equipment that complies with the requirements of 5.3.1.1, set the entrance angle to
rotate within the area bounded by 1 = 10, 2 = 0 and 1 = 5, 2 = 20, respectively
visually observe whether there are any obvious sudden changes in bright and dark (except for
specular reflection) in the retro-reflective area of the retro-reflector in the directions of = 20
and = 130. If there are obvious sudden changes in bright and dark, test the coefficient of
luminous intensity of the angle, at which, the brightness of the retro-reflective area of the retro-
reflector suddenly decreases, which shall not be less than the minimum limit within the test
solid angle specified in Table 1.
5.3.3.2 Retro-reflective sheeting for the markings of carriage
Randomly select 5 retro-reflective marking units, test the coefficient of retroreflection of the
same color retro-reflective sheeting under the conditions of = 12, 1 = 0 and 2 = 4, and
the same , and calculate the ratio of the maximum value to the minimum value of the
coefficient of retroreflection.
5.3.3.3 Retro-reflector for the markings of carriage
Use the test equipment specified in 5.3.1.1, set the entrance angle to 1 = 0, 2 = 5, set the
sample surface illumination to 10 lx, and visually observe the retro-reflective area of the retro-
reflector in the direction = 20.
5.3.3.4 Marking plate
On the surface of the retro-reflective sheeting of the same color on the marking plate, randomly
select 5 different areas with a distance of not less than 300 mm from each other, test the
coefficient of retroreflection under the conditions of = 20, 1 = 0 and 2 = 5, and the same
, and calculate the ratio of the maximum value to the minimum value of the coefficient of
retroreflection.
5.3.3.5 Triangles
Draw perpendicular lines from the three vertices of the hollow triangle of the triangle sample
to the adjacent sides. Between two perpendiculars on each side, randomly select a retro-
reflecting optical unit with a length of 50 mm. Under the conditions of = 20, 1 = 2 = 0, or
1 = 5 and 2 = 0, and = 20, 1 = 20 and 2 = 0, test the coefficient of luminous
intensity, and calculate the ratio of the maximum value to the minimum value of the coefficient
of luminous intensity under the same conditions.
5.3.4 Luminance factor
When illuminated by the standard lighting D65 light source (color temperature 6,500 K)
specified in GB/T 3978-2008, under the geometric conditions of 45/0 or 0/45, in accordance
with the method specified in GB/T 3979, measure the tristimulus values of the ideal diffuse
reflector and the sample, which are respectively Y0 and Y. Calculate the ratio of Y0 to Y, which
is the luminance factor.
5.3.5 Re-test of luminosity properties
5.3.5.1 Retro-reflector
In accordance with the method specified in 5.3.1.4.1, test the coefficient of luminous intensity
under the conditions of = 20, 1 = 2 = 0.
5.3.5.2 Material of retro-reflective marking
5.3.5.2.1 Retro-reflective sheeting for the markings of carriage
In accordance with the method specified in 5.3.2, test the coefficient of retroreflection under
the conditions of = 12, 1 = 0 and 2 = 4. In accordance with 5.3.4, test the luminance
factor.
5.3.5.2.2 Retro-reflector for the markings of carriage
In accordance with the method specified in 5.3.1.4.2, test the coefficient of luminous intensity
under the conditions of = 20, 1 = 0 and 2 = 5.
5.3.5.3 Marking plate
In accordance with 5.3.2, test the coefficient of retroreflection of the retro-reflective sheeting
under the conditions of = 20, 1 = 0 and 2 = 5. In accordance with 5.3.4, re-test the
luminance factor of the retro-reflective sheeting and fluorescent materials.
the standard environment for 24 hours. After the test, visually inspect the sample; in accordance
with 5.3.5, re-test the luminosity properties.
5.5.3 Marking plate
Immerse the sample with the retro-reflective area facing upward in water at 25 C 5 C, and
the distance between the highest point of the retro-reflective area and the water surface is 20
mm 5 mm; after 24 hours, take it out and dry it in the standard environment for 24 hours.
After the test, visually inspect the sample; in accordance with 5.3.5, re-test the luminosity
properties.
5.5.4 Triangles
5.5.4.1 Anti-seepage test
Immerse the sample in water at 50 C 5 C in accordance with the normal working conditions.
The distance between the highest point of the retro-reflective area and the water surface is 20
mm 5 mm. After 10 minutes, take it out and immediately immerse it in water at 25 C 5 C
for 10 minutes in the same mode. After the test, visually inspect the sample; dry the sample
surface, then, in accordance with 5.3.5, re-test the luminosity properties.
5.5.4.2 Water immersion test
Expand the retro-reflective area of the sample in accordance with the normal working
conditions. Immerse it horizontally upward in water at 25 C 5 C for 2 hours. The distance
between the retro-reflective area and the water surface is 50 mm 5 mm. The sample bracket
does not need to be opened. After taking it out and drying it in the standard environment,
visually inspect the sample; in accordance with 5.3.5, re-test the luminosity properties.
5.6 Enclosure Protection Test
5.6.1 Dustproof test
In accordance with the method specified in GB/T 10485, carry out the test. During the test, for
Class I B retro-reflector sample and Class III B retro-reflector sample, all drainage holes and
openings shall be opened in accordance with the actual installation and protection conditions.
After the test, use a dry cotton cloth to wipe the outer surface of the sample, and visually inspect
the sample; in accordance with 5.3.5, re-test the luminosity properties.
5.6.2 Waterproof test
In accordance with the method specified in GB/T 10485, carry out the test. During the test, for
Class I B retro-reflector sample and Class III B retro-reflector sample, all drainage holes and
openings shall be opened in accordance with the actual installation and protection conditions.
After the test, drain the sample for 1 hour, visually inspect the sample, use a dry cotton cloth to
wipe the outer surface of the sample; in accordance with 5.3.5, re-test the luminosity properties.
5.7 Solvent Resistance Test
......
Source: Above contents are excerpted from the PDF -- translated/reviewed by: www.chinesestandard.net / Wayne Zheng et al.
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