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Delivery: <= 3 days. True-PDF full-copy in English will be manually translated and delivered via email. GB/T 12911-2025: Paper and board - Determination of the ink absorbency Status: Valid GB/T 12911: Historical versions
Basic dataStandard ID: GB/T 12911-2025 (GB/T12911-2025)Description (Translated English): Paper and board - Determination of the ink absorbency Sector / Industry: National Standard (Recommended) Classification of Chinese Standard: Y30 Classification of International Standard: 85.010 Word Count Estimation: 10,146 Date of Issue: 2025-08-29 Date of Implementation: 2026-03-01 Older Standard (superseded by this standard): GB/T 12911-1991 Issuing agency(ies): State Administration for Market Regulation; Standardization Administration of China GB/T 12911-2025: Paper and board - Determination of the ink absorbency---This is an excerpt. Full copy of true-PDF in English version (including equations, symbols, images, flow-chart, tables, and figures etc.), auto-downloaded/delivered in 9 seconds, can be purchased online: https://www.ChineseStandard.net/PDF.aspx/GBT12911-2025ICS 85.010 CCSY30 National Standards of the People's Republic of China Replaces GB/T 12911-1991 Determination of ink absorbency of paper and paperboard Published on 2025-08-29 Implemented on 2026-03-01 State Administration for Market Regulation The State Administration for Standardization issued a statement. ForewordThis document complies with the provisions of GB/T 1.1-2020 "Standardization Work Guidelines Part 1.Structure and Drafting Rules of Standardization Documents". Drafting. This document replaces GB/T 12911-1991 "Determination of Ink Absorption of Paper and Paperboard". Compared with GB/T 12911-1991, except for... Aside from structural adjustments and editorial changes, the main technical changes are as follows. a) The scope has been changed (see Chapter 1, Chapter 1 of the.1991 edition); b) The terminology and definition for ink absorption time have been removed (see 4.2 of the.1991 edition); c) The descriptions and requirements for equipment and materials have been revised (see Chapter 5, Chapter 5 of the.1991 edition); d) The requirement for specimen length deviation has been increased (see 6.2); e) The requirements for instrument inspection, warm-up, and calibration have been removed (see 8.1 in the.1991 edition); f) The requirements for determining the green reflectance factor R0 have been changed (see 8.1, 8.2 in the.1991 edition); g) The methods for applying and wiping the ink, as well as the description of the method for determining the reflectance factor of the sample after wiping the ink, have been modified (see 8.2, 8.3,.1991 edition). 8.3, 8.4); h) The correction factor Rk for ink in the calculation formula has been removed (see 9.1, Appendix B,.1991 edition); i) The requirement to calculate the coefficient of variation of ink absorbance values has been removed (see 9.3 in the.1991 edition); j) Move the appendix “Ink Absorption Index Representation” into the main text (see 9.2, Appendix B of the.1991 edition); k) The content that should be included in the test report has been changed (see Chapter 10, Chapter 11 in the.1991 edition); l) The precision requirements have been changed (see Appendix A, Chapter 10,.1991 edition). Please note that some content in this document may involve patents. The issuing organization of this document assumes no responsibility for identifying patents. This document was proposed by the China National Light Industry Council. This document is under the jurisdiction of the National Technical Committee on Standardization of Paper Industry (SAC/TC141). This document was drafted by. Shandong Sun Paper Industry Co., Ltd., Hangzhou Fuyang District Quality and Metrology Monitoring Center, and Guangdong Guanhua High-Tech Co., Ltd. Technology Co., Ltd., China Pulp & Paper Research Institute Co., Ltd., Asia Pacific Resources International Ltd. (Guangdong) Paper Co., Ltd., Shandong Yinhe Ruixue Paper Co., Ltd. Limited Liability Company, Shandong Chenming Paper Group Co., Ltd., Hunan Yutong Printing & Packaging Co., Ltd., South China University of Technology, China Light Industry (Jinjiang) Sanitary Supplies Research Co., Ltd., and China Light Industry Paper Products Inspection and Certification Co., Ltd. The main drafters of this document are. Wo Qizhong, Li Na, Zhang Quan, Wen Hui, Liu Zehua, Xu Zhengmao, Li Zonghui, Wang Luyan, Fu Yuzhang, and Wang Bin. Cao Yanjun, Cheng Xiao, Yang Haibo, Hu Yanjun, Wang Hongwei, Hu Xinyang, Chen Hua, Wen Jianyu, Shen Zhenhuang. The release history of this document and the document it replaces is as follows. ---First published in.1991 as GB/T 12911-1991; ---This is the first revision. Determination of ink absorbency of paper and paperboard 1.Scope This document describes a method for determining the ink absorbency of paper and paperboard. This document applies to the determination of ink absorbency on various white or near-white printing papers and paperboards.2 Normative referencesThe contents of the following documents, through normative references within the text, constitute essential provisions of this document. Dated citations are not included. For references to documents, only the version corresponding to that date applies to this document; for undated references, the latest version (including all amendments) applies. This document. GB/T 450 Paper and paperboard specimen collection and determination of longitudinal and transverse directions, front and back sides of specimens GB/T 7973 Determination of diffuse reflectance factor of paper, paperboard and pulp (diffuse/vertical method) GB/T 10739 Standard atmospheric conditions for the treatment and testing of paper, paperboard and pulp specimens QB/T 1020 Standard Inks for Printability Testing of Paper and Paperboard 3.Terms and Definitions The following terms and definitions apply to this document. 3.1 ink absorbency The ability of paper and paperboard to absorb standard ink within a specified time. Note. The value is expressed as ink absorption value, calculated by dividing the difference in reflection factor of the same surface of the sample before and after ink absorption by the reflection factor of the sample before ink absorption. 4.Principles The degree to which the surface reflectance factor of paper and paperboard decreases after absorbing standard absorbent ink on a standard area within a specified time is determined by measuring this. Indicates the ink's absorption properties. 5.Equipment and Materials 5.1 Ink Coating Device The inking device includes an ink scraper, an inking plate, and a base (as shown in Figure 1). The opening in the inking plate is square, with an area of... The area is (20.0±0.4) cm2, and the thickness of the pressure plate is 0.10 0.02 0 mm. Index number explanation. 1---Ink scraper; 2---Ink-coated pressure plate; 3---Device base. Figure 1 Schematic diagram of the ink coating device 5.2 Automatic ink erasing device The automatic ink wiping device can use ink wiping paper to remove unabsorbed ink from the sample according to the specified ink absorption time, leaving a uniform color. The ink stains are generally produced by the machine base, ink wiping table, fan-shaped body, motor, paper roll shaft, and paper roll holder. Note. When using automatic ink erasure, use an automatic ink erasure device. 5.3 Reflectance Photometer The instrument's geometric conditions and spectral characteristics shall comply with the relevant provisions of GB/T 7973. 5.4 stopwatch The resolution is 0.1s. 5.5 Standard Absorbent Ink It complies with the requirements of QB/T 1020. 5.6 Erasing Paper Ink-wiping paper can effectively remove unabsorbed ink from the sample surface during the wiping process without causing any physical damage to the sample. Note. When manually erasing ink, use rolls of toilet paper that are flexible, strong, and do not shed lint easily; when automatically erasing ink, use paper that is compatible with the instrument and meets the requirements for ink erasing. Special paper for performance and protection requirements of test samples. 6.Sample collection and preparation 6.1 Sampling shall be carried out in accordance with the relevant provisions of GB/T 450. 6.2 Cut a sample with a length of (210±5) mm and a width of (65±2) mm at a distance of more than 15 mm from the edge of the sheet or roll of paper. The long side of the specimen should be aligned with the longitudinal direction of the sample. Ensure that each test surface of the specimen (for single-sided specimens, the test surface is the front side; for double-sided specimens, the test surface is the front side) is aligned with the longitudinal direction of the sample. There should be at least five usable samples (both front and back sides). Stack each sample face up, with a sheet of the same material on top and bottom. The sample is protected. 7.Sample preparation The specimens shall be subjected to temperature and humidity treatment in accordance with GB/T 10739, and the specimens shall be prepared and tested under these atmospheric conditions. 8.Test Procedure 8.1 Determination of Reflectance Factor of Sample Before Ink Coating According to the relevant provisions of GB/T 7973, the green light reflectance of the sample surface before it is coated with standard absorbent ink is determined using a reflectance photometer (5.3). For the R0 value, several layers of the same material should be placed under the test sample until it is opaque. Five samples are tested sequentially. 8.2 Applying and erasing ink 8.2.1 Take a sample with a known green light reflectance factor R0 and place it under the ink-coating plate of the ink-coating device (5.1). During placement, the sample... With the surface to be tested facing upwards, the long side should be parallel to the front-to-back direction of the ink-coating plate, and the center line of the long side should be aligned with the center position of the opening of the ink-coating plate. 8.2.2 Stir the standard absorbent ink (5.5) evenly, take an appropriate amount and apply it to the front end of the ink coating plate. Use an ink scraper to apply the ink along the long side of the sample. The ink was uniformly applied to the sample at the opening of the pressure plate in a single application, forming a square with an area of (20.0±0.4) cm² and a thickness of approximately 0.1 mm. Shaped ink film. 8.2.3 If using an automatic ink erasing device (5.2), the absorption time should be set to 2 minutes in advance, and the ink erasing speed to (15.5±1.0) cm/min; manual... Use a stopwatch (5.4) to time the ink absorption process. Immediately after the ink absorption time reaches 2 minutes, wipe off any unabsorbed ink from the sample with ink-wiping paper. Apply the ink and wipe it off within 10 seconds. Both ink wiping methods involve a unidirectional wiping direction, consistent with the ink application direction. Through the above ink wiping operation... Finally, ensure that a uniform ink stain with an area of (20.0±0.4) cm2 is left on the sample. 8.2.4 Repeat steps 8.2.1, 8.2.2, and 8.2.3 to apply ink and wipe the ink off the five samples in sequence. 8.3 Determination of Reflectance Factor of Samples After Ink Wiping To prevent changes in the ink stain due to external environmental influences, the green light reflection in the central area of the ink stain was measured immediately after wiping the ink with a reflectance photometer. The emission factor R1 should be determined within 30 seconds, following the same procedures and requirements as in 8.1.Several layers of uninked samples of the same material should be placed under the test sample. Opaque. Five samples were measured sequentially. 9.Representation of Results 9.1 Ink Absorption Value Ink absorption value (X1), expressed as a percentage, is calculated according to formula (1). X1= R0-R1 R0 × 100 (1) In the formula. X1 --- Ink absorption value, %; R0 --- Green light reflectance factor of the sample surface before ink coating, %; R1---Green light reflectance factor of the central area of the ink stain on the sample surface after wiping with ink. Calculate the ink absorption value for each sample separately, rounding the result to one decimal place. Then, calculate the arithmetic mean of the five test results. Round to the nearest integer. See Appendix A for the precision of the experimental results. 9.2 Ink Absorption Index To eliminate the influence of paper brightness on ink absorption value, the ink absorption index (X2) can also be used to represent the ink absorbency of paper and paperboard. Yes, it can be calculated using formula (2). X2=100 R1- R0 ÷ (2) ......Tips & Frequently Asked Questions:Question 1: How long will the true-PDF of GB/T 12911-2025_English be delivered?Answer: Upon your order, we will start to translate GB/T 12911-2025_English as soon as possible, and keep you informed of the progress. The lead time is typically 1 ~ 3 working days. The lengthier the document the longer the lead time.Question 2: Can I share the purchased PDF of GB/T 12911-2025_English with my colleagues?Answer: Yes. 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