NB/T 47013.4-2015 PDF English
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Nondestructive testing of pressure equipment - Part 4: Magnetic particle testing
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NB/T 47013.4-2015: Nondestructive testing of pressure equipment - Part 4: Magnetic particle testing---This is an excerpt. Full copy of true-PDF in English version (including equations, symbols, images, flow-chart, tables, and figures etc.), auto-downloaded/delivered in 9 seconds, can be purchased online: https://www.ChineseStandard.net/PDF.aspx/NBT47013.4-2015
NB
NATIONAL STANDARD
ICS 77.040.20
H 26
Replacing JB/T 4730.4-2005
Nondestructive testing of pressure equipment �C
Part 4.Magnetic particle testing
Issued on. APRIL 02, 2015
Implemented on. SEPTEMBER 01, 2015
Issued by. National Energy Administration
Table of Contents
Foreword... 3
1 Scope... 6
2 Normative references... 6
3 Terms and definitions... 7
4 General requirements... 8
5 Testing method... 24
6 Magnetic marks indication classification, observation and recording... 26
7 Retesting... 28
8 Demagnetization... 28
9 Quality grading... 29
10 Magnetic particle testing of in-service pressure equipment... 30
11 Testing records and reports... 30
Appendix A (Informative) Waveforms of various magnetization currents,
ammeter indication and conversion... 32
Appendix B (Informative) A typical magnetization method for various types of
welded joints... 34
1 Scope
1.1 This part of NB/T 47013 specifies the magnetic particle testing methods
and quality grading requirements for the pressure equipment weld and its raw
materials as well as the machined parts.
1.2 This part applies to the testing of the surface or near surface defects of the
ferromagnetic material sheet, composite sheet, pipe, fittings and forgings, as
well as the surface or near surface defects of the ferromagnetic material butt
joint, T-type welded joint and corner joint. It is not applicable to the testing of
the non-ferromagnetic materials.
1.3 The relevant bearing parts and structural parts of pressure equipment may
also be subjected to magnetic particle testing with reference to this part.
2 Normative references
The following documents are essential to the application of this document. For
the dated documents, only the versions with the dates indicated are applicable
to this document; for the undated documents, only the latest version (including
all the amendments) are applicable to this document.
GB/T 5097 Non-destructive testing - Penetrant testing and magnetic particle
testing - Viewing conditions
GB 11533 Standard for logarithmic visual acuity charts
GB/T 12604.5 Non-destructive testing - Terminology - Terms used in
magnetic particle testing
GB/T 23906 Non-destructive testing - Rings for magnetic particle testing
GB/T 23907 Non-destructive testing - Shims for magnetic particle testing
JB/T 6063 Non-destructive testing - Materials for magnetic particle testing
JB/T 8290 Non-destructive testing equipment - Magnetic particle flaw
detector
NB/T 47013.1 Non-destructive testing of pressure equipment - Part 1.
General requirements
3 Terms and definitions
The terms and definitions as defined in GB/T 12604.5 and NB/T 47013.1 as
well as the following terms and definitions apply to this part.
3.1
Relevant indication
It refers to the magnetic mark indication as formed due to the magnetic
particle absorption by the leakage magnetic field which is due to the
presence of flaw in the process of magnetic particle testing.
3.2
Non-related indication is non-relevant
It refers to the magnetic mark indication as formed by the magnetic particle
absorption by the leakage magnetic field due to the change of the cross
section or material permeability in the process of magnetic particle testing.
3.3
False indication
It refers to the magnetic mark indication which is not formed due to the
magnetic particle absorption by the leakage magnetic field.
3.4
Combinatorial magnetization
It refers to the magnetization method to produce a magnetic field the size
and direction of which is in circular, oval or spiral changes with time in the
workpiece.
3.5
Longitudinal/transverse flaw
When the included angle between the long axis direction of the flaw
magnetic mark and the workpiece (shaft or tube) axis or the busbar is
greater than or equal to 30��, it is treated as transverse flaw; AND the rest is
treated as longitudinal flaw.
4 General requirements
4.1 Inspectors
4.1.1 Personnel engaged in magnetic particle testing shall comply with the
relevant requirements of NB/T 47013.1.
4.1.2 The uncorrected or corrected near (fractional) visual acuity and distant
(distance) visual acuity of the magnetic particle inspector shall be not less than
5.0 (fractional record value of 1.0), AND the test method shall comply with the
provisions of GB 11533; they shall be subjected to visual check once a year,
AND it is not allowed for color blindness.
4.2 Magnetic particle testing procedures
Magnetic particle testing procedures are as follows.
4.3 Testing process documents
4.3.1 The testing process documents include process specifications and
operating instructions.
4.3.2 The process specifications shall, in addition to complying with the
requirements of NB/T 47013.1, specify the specific scope or requirements of
the following relevant factors; when one or more of the relevant factors change
and exceed the requirements, it shall re-draft or revise the process.
4.3.3 It shall compile the operating instructions in accordance with the contents
of the technical specifications and the testing requirements of the workpiece to
be tested. The contents shall, in addition to complying with the requirements of
NB/T 47013.1, include at least.
4.3.4 The operating instruction shall, before the first use, be subjected to the
process verification using the standard test piece, in order to confirm whether it
can reach to the requirements as specified by the standard.
4.4 Safety requirements
4.4.1 Electric shock caused by a short circuit or the burn caused by a large
current at a relatively low voltage.
4.4.2 When using fluorescent magnetic particle for testing, the adverse impact
of the black light from the black light lamp onto the eyes and skin.
4.5 Equipment and materials
4.5.1 Equipment
Magnetic particle testing equipment shall comply with the provisions of JB/T
8290.
5.5 2 Lifting force
When using the maximum distance of the yoke, the AC yoke shall have a lifting
force of at least 45N; the DC (including rectifying current) yoke or permanent
yoke shall have a lifting force of at least 177N; the cross yoke shall have a
lifting force of at least 118N (the gap between the magnetic pole and the
sample surface is less than or equal to 0.5mm).
4.5.3 Power off phase controller
When using the remanence method, the AC flaw detector shall be equipped
with a power-off phase controller.
4.6 Magnetic particle, carrier and magnetic suspension
4.6.1 Magnetic particle
Magnetic particle shall have high permeability, low coercivity and low
remanence, AND the non-fluorescent magnetic particle and the tested
workpiece surface color shall have a higher contrast. The magnetic particle
size, the performance requirements, and so on shall comply with the
requirements of JB/T 6063.
4.6.2 Carrier
In case of using wet method, it shall use water or low viscosity oil based carrier
as a dispersion medium. If water is used as carrier, it shall add appropriate rust
inhibitor and surfactant, AND if necessary, add defoamer. The kinematic
viscosity of the oil-based carrier is less than or equal to 3.0mm2/s at 38��C, it is
less than or equal to 5.0mm2/s at the minimum operating temperature, the
flash point is not less than 94��C, AND it shall be free from fluorescence, activity,
or odor.
4.7 Standard sample
4.7.1 Standard test piece
4.7.1.1 The standard test piece is mainly used to check the comprehensive
performance of the magnetic particle testing equipment, magnetic particle and
magnetic suspension. It shows whether the surface of the workpiece has
sufficient effective magnetic field strength and direction, AND whether the
effective testing region and the magnetization method are correct. The
standard test pieces include A1-type, C-type, D-type and M1-type, the
specifications and sizes of which are as shown in Table 2.The A1-type, C-type,
and D-type standard test pieces shall comply with the provisions of GB/T
23907.
4.10 Magnetization specification
4.10.1 Magnetic field strength
The magnetic field strength can be determined by the following methods.
4.10.2 Axial energization method and center conductor method
4.10.2.1 The magnetization specification of the axial energization method and
the center conductor method is calculated in accordance with the formula in
Table 3.
5 Testing method
5.1 Testing method classification
In accordance with different classification conditions, the classification of
magnetic particle testing methods is shown in Table 5.
5.2 Dry method
5.2.1 The dry method is usually used for continuous testing with AC or
half-wave rectified magnetization current or magnetic yoke; when using the dry
method, it shall determine whether the testing surface and the magnetic
powder are totally dry, before applying the magnetic particle.
5.3 Wet method
5.3.1 The wet method is mainly used for continuous and remanence testing.
When using the wet method, it shall make sure that the entire tested surface is
wetted by the magnetic suspension.
5.4 Continuous method
When using the continuous method, the application of the magnetic particle or
magnetic suspension and the observation of the magnetic mark indication shall
be completed within the magnetization energization time, AND the
magnetization can be stopped at least 1s after stopping application of the
magnetic particle or magnetic suspension;
5.5 Remanence method
5.5.1 The remanence method is mainly used for the testing of the workpiece
with material coercivity greater than or equal to 1kA/m AND the maintained
residual magnetic field after magnetization greater than or equal to 0.8T.
5.5.2 When using the remanence method, the magnetic particle or magnetic
suspension shall be applied after finishing the energization, with the
energization time usually in 0.25s ~ 1s. Before applying a magnetic particle or
magnetic suspension, it is not allowed for any ferromagnetic object to touch the
surface of the workpiece.
5.6 Cross-yoke method
5.6.1 When using the cross-yoke device, the four magnetic pole end faces and
the tested surface shall be maintained good fit, with the maximum gap not
exceeding 0.5mm. When making the continuous drag testing, the testing rate
shall be as uniform as possible, generally not greater than 4m/min.
6 Magnetic marks indication classification,
observation and recording
6.1 Classification and processing of magnetic marks
6.1.1 Magnetic mark indications are divided into relevant indication,
non-relevant indication, and false indication.
6.1.2 The flaw magnetic mark having a length to width ratio of more than 3 is
treated as linear magnetic mark; AND the flaw magnetic mark having a length
to width ratio of more than 3 are treated as the of the ratio of not more than 3 is
treated as circular magnetic marks.
6.2 Observation
6.2.1 The observation of the flaw magnetic marks shall be carried out
immediately after the formation of the magnetic marks.
6.2.2 During non-fluorescent magnetic particle testing, the assessment of the
flaw magnetic marks shall be carried out in visible light, AND the visible light
irradiance on the tested surface of the workpiece shall be greater than or equal
to 1000lx; in case of site testing, the visible light irradiance shall be not less
than 500lx due to restrictions.
6.2.3 Unless otherwise it may confirmed that the magnetic mark is due to local
magnetic unevenness of the workpiece material OR improper operation, the
other magnetic mark indications shall be treated as the flaw magnetic marks.
To identify the small magnetic marks indication, observation shall be supported
by using a 2 ~ 10 fold magnifying glass.
6.3 Records
It may use one or more of the following methods to record the indications.
7 Retesting
A retest is required when one of the following occurs.
a) At the end of the test, if the sensitivity as verified by the use of standard
test piece or standard test block fails to comply with the requirements;
b) When it is found that in the testing process the operation method is wrong
OR the technical conditions change;
c) When the both parties of the contract have dispute OR deem it
necessary;
8 Demagnetization
8.1 General demagnetization requirements
The workpiece shall be demagnetized in the following cases.
8.2 Demagnetization method
Demagnetization can be divided into AC demagnetization method and DC
demagnetization method.
8.2.1 AC demagnetization method
Slowly DRAW out the workpiece to be demagnetized from the energized
magnetizing coil, until the workpiece leaves the coil for at least 1m; CUT off the
current. Or otherwise PLACE the workpiece into the energized magnetizing
coil; gradually REDUCE the current in the coil to zero or directly MAKE the AC
pass through the workpiece and meanwhile gradually REDUCE the current to
zero.
8.2.2 DC demagnetization method
PLACE the workpiece to be demagnetized into the DC electromagnetic field;
constantly CHANGE the current direction; and gradually REDUCE the current
to zero.
8.3 Remanence measurement
The demagnetization effect of the workpiece can be generally measured by
magnetic field strength meter or other remanence magnetometer; AND the
remanence strength after demagnetization shall not be greater than 0.3mT
(240A/m) OR otherwise in accordance with product technical conditions.
9 Quality grading
9.1 It is not allowed for any crack indication; AND it is not allowed for fasteners
and shaft parts to have any transverse flaw indication.
9.2 The quality of the welded joints is graded in accordance with Table 6.
9.3 The quality grading of other components is carried out in accordance with
Table 7.
......
Source: Above contents are excerpted from the full-copy PDF -- translated/reviewed by: www.ChineseStandard.net / Wayne Zheng et al.
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