GB/T 45417-2025 PDF English
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Guidelines for defect analysis of vehicle regenerative braking function
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GB/T 45417-2025: Guidelines for defect analysis of vehicle regenerative braking function---This is an excerpt. Full copy of true-PDF in English version (including equations, symbols, images, flow-chart, tables, and figures etc.), auto-downloaded/delivered in 9 seconds, can be purchased online: https://www.ChineseStandard.net/PDF.aspx/GBT45417-2025
GB
NATIONAL STANDARD OF THE
PEOPLE’S REPUBLIC OF CHINA
ICS 43.120
CCS T 47
Guidelines for defect analysis of vehicle regenerative
braking function
Issued on: FEBRUARY 28, 2025
Implemented on: FEBRUARY 28, 2025
Issued by. State Administration for Market Regulation;
Standardization Administration of the People's Republic of China.
Table of Contents
Foreword... 3
Introduction... 4
1 Scope... 5
2 Normative references... 5
3 Terms and definitions... 5
4 Basic process of defect analysis... 7
5 Defect clue collection... 8
6 Correlation analysis between defect clues and regenerative braking function... 8
6.1 Analysis of defect clue characteristics... 8
6.2 Characteristic analysis of regenerative braking function... 8
6.3 Association analysis... 9
7 Risk assessment and defect determination... 9
7.1 Overview... 9
7.2 Identification of hazardous events or situations... 9
7.3 Severity analysis of hazardous events or situations... 11
7.4 Probability analysis of hazardous events or situations... 12
7.5 Determination of comprehensive risk level rating... 13
7.6 Defect determination... 13
8 Disposal measures... 13
Bibliography... 14
Guidelines for defect analysis of vehicle regenerative
braking function
1 Scope
This document provides guidance on the analysis of defects in regenerative braking
function that may cause safety issues during vehicle operation, including the basic
process of defect analysis, collection of defect clues, analysis of the correlation between
defect clues and regenerative braking function, risk assessment and defect
determination, and disposal measures.
This document is applicable to M and N vehicles with regenerative braking function.
2 Normative references
The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this
document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references,
the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
GB/T 13594, Antilock braking performance and test procedure for motor vehicles
and their trailers
GB/T 15089, Classification of power-driven vehicles and trailers
GB/T 19596, Terminology of electric vehicles
GB 21670, Technical requirements and testing methods for passenger car braking
systems
GB/T 34402, Safety of motor vehicle product - Guidelines for risk assessment and
risk control
GB/T 43387, Product recall - Vocabulary
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions defined in GB/T 13594,
GB/T 15089, GB/T 19596, GB 21670, GB/T 34402, GB/T 43387 as well as the
followings apply.
3.1 regenerative braking function
The function of converting vehicle kinetic energy into electrical energy during
processes such as coasting, deceleration, or downhill driving.
3.2 regenerative braking system
Hardware and software systems for implementing regenerative braking function.
3.2.1 regenerative braking system of category A
A regenerative braking system that does not belong to the service braking system.
[Source. GB 21670-2008, 3.1.16.2, modified]
3.2.2 regenerative braking system of category B
The regenerative braking system that belongs to the service braking system.
[Source. GB 21670-2008, 3.1.16.3, modified]
3.3 defect
The common occurrence of situations in the same batch, model, or category of
automotive products that do not comply with national or industry standards for
safeguarding personal and property safety, or other unreasonable dangers that endanger
personal and property safety.
[Source. GB/T 43387-2023, 3.1, modified]
3.4 defect clue
Information about possible defects in the product.
NOTE. Including accident investigation, consumer complaints, online public opinion, and overseas
recall information.
[Source. GB/T 43387-2023, 5.3, modified]
3.5 defect analysis
Technical analysis activities conducted by producers, recall authorities, or recall
technical institutions on the presence of defects in products.
3.6 risk assessment
The process of determining the comprehensive level of severity and likelihood of
occurrence of a hazardous event or situation.
[Source. GB/T 43387-2023, 5.13]
5 Defect clue collection
The main ways to collect defect clues include (but are not limited to).
a) Accident investigation;
b) Consumer complaints;
c) Online public opinion;
d) Overseas recall;
e) Quality supervision information.
6 Correlation analysis between defect clues and regenerative
braking function
6.1 Analysis of defect clue characteristics
Conduct defect clue feature analysis based on the defect clues collected in Chapter 5.
The analysis mainly includes.
a) Vehicle characteristics, such as vehicle type, usage mode, regenerative braking
type, regenerative braking intensity, vehicle braking control software version, etc.;
b) Scene features, such as traffic conditions, road environment conditions, weather
conditions, etc.;
c) Driver characteristics, such as driving experience, driver age, etc.
6.2 Characteristic analysis of regenerative braking function
Analyze the characteristics of regenerative braking function for vehicle regenerative
braking system. The analysis mainly includes.
a) Control mode, default state, actual state distribution, adjustment method, reminder
situation, vehicle speed correlation logic, relationship with charge state, and
relationship with service braking strategy of regenerative braking function;
b) Hardware information and control strategies related to regenerative braking
function, such as vehicle controller, drive motor and controller, battery state of
charge, accelerator pedal status, brake pedal status, etc.
6.3 Association analysis
Compare and analyze the correlation between the comprehensive defect clue
characteristics and the regenerative braking function characteristics. The analysis
methods mainly include. big data analysis, expert analysis, accident scene reproduction,
closed road testing, driving simulator testing, virtual simulation testing, etc.
If there is a correlation between the defect clue characteristics and the regenerative
braking function characteristics, such as a high accident rate in a specific regenerative
braking function mode or a high accident rate in a specific scenario, it is advisable to
conduct risk assessment work according to Chapter 7.If there is no correlation, the
analysis should be terminated.
7 Risk assessment and defect determination
7.1 Overview
Risk assessment is an important component of the analysis of defects in regenerative
braking function. This mainly includes identifying hazardous events or situations,
analyzing the severity of hazardous events or situations, conducting likelihood analysis,
and forming a comprehensive risk level rating. Based on the comprehensive risk level
rating results, further defect determination can be carried out.
7.2 Identification of hazardous events or situations
According to vehicle malfunctions and accident manifestations, the main hazardous
events or situations caused by the regenerative braking function of the vehicle and their
analysis methods are shown in Table 1.Other possible hazardous events or situations
can also be comprehensively analyzed through on-board data, images, experimental
reproduction, and expert demonstration.
When conducting analysis, the main hazardous events or situations can be identified
among multiple hazardous events or situations. Conduct risk assessments for major
hazardous events or situations. If it is difficult to distinguish between primary and
secondary dangerous events or situations, any danger can be set first. The event or
situation is a major hazardous event or situation, and a risk assessment is conducted for
it.
Table 1 -- Main hazardous events or situations and their analysis methods
Dangerous events or
situations
Due to design, manufacturing,
and other reasons
Analysis methods
Applicable types of regenerative
braking systems
analysis results. Revise the preliminary assessment of severity.
NOTE. The accident scenario includes the accident environment, road characteristics, weather, etc.
7.4 Probability analysis of hazardous events or situations
7.4.1 Probability level of hazardous events or situations
The possibility of hazardous events or situations caused by regenerative braking
function includes five levels. high, comparatively high, medium, comparatively low,
and low. The evaluation process includes two parts. preliminary assessment of
possibilities and revision of results.
7.4.2 Preliminary assessment of possibility
It is advisable to consider the type of regenerative braking system and the possible
causes of hazardous events or situations according to the analysis methods listed in
Table 1.Conduct preliminary probability analysis for different hazardous events or
situations. The preliminary evaluation principles are as follows.
a) If the scenarios where dangerous events or situations occur are common, it is
believed through experimental reproduction or analysis that there are common
problems with the software or hardware system, and the preliminary assessment
of the possibility is high or comparatively high;
b) If it is impossible or difficult to reproduce a hazardous event or situation through
experimentation, but it is believed through analysis and demonstration that it may
occur, the preliminary assessment of the possibility may be comparatively high
or medium;
c) If it is impossible or difficult to reproduce a hazardous event or situation through
experimentation, and the scenario where the hazardous event or situation is
considered extreme through analysis and argumentation, the preliminary
assessment of the possibility may be comparatively low or low.
7.4.3 Possible result correction
If the vehicle has effective fault or accident warning measures, the likelihood
assessment results can be appropriately reduced. If the vehicle has effective accident
mitigation measures, the likelihood assessment results can be appropriately reduced.
In addition to the above correction factors, analysis can also be conducted by
comprehensively considering factors such as vehicle handling mode, usage rate of
different modes, accident scenarios, and test analysis results to revise the preliminary
assessment results of the possibility.
......
Source: Above contents are excerpted from the full-copy PDF -- translated/reviewed by: www.ChineseStandard.net / Wayne Zheng et al.
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