GB/T 39192-2020 PDF English
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GB/T 39192-2020: Heat treatment of superalloy parts---This is an excerpt. Full copy of true-PDF in English version (including equations, symbols, images, flow-chart, tables, and figures etc.), auto-downloaded/delivered in 9 seconds, can be purchased online: https://www.ChineseStandard.net/PDF.aspx/GBT39192-2020
GB
NATIONAL STANDARD OF THE
PEOPLE’S REPUBLIC OF CHINA
ICS 25.200
J 36
Heat treatment of superalloy parts
ISSUED ON: OCTOBER 11, 2020
IMPLEMENTED ON: MAY 01, 2021
Issued by: State Administration for Market Regulation;
Standardization Administration of the People's Republic of
China.
Table of Contents
Foreword ... 3
1 Scope ... 4
2 Normative references ... 4
3 Terms and definitions ... 5
4 Heat treatment equipment and technique materials ... 6
5 Heat treatment technique ... 9
6 Technique process control ... 25
7 Quality inspection ... 28
8 Repeated heat treatment ... 29
Annex A (informative) Calculation of heat treatment effective thickness ... 30
Heat treatment of superalloy parts
1 Scope
This Standard specifies requirements such as equipment and technique
materials, heat treatment technique specification, technique process control
and quality inspection for heat treatment of superalloy parts.
This Standard is applicable to heat treatment of deformed superalloy and
equiaxed crystal casting superalloy for equipment manufacturing industry,
unless otherwise specified in special technical documents or order contracts.
2 Normative references
The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of
this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated
references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any
amendments) applies.
GB/T 228.1, Metallic materials - Tensile testing - Part 1: Method of test at
room temperature
GB/T 228.2, Metallic materials - Tensile testing - Part 2: Method of test at
elevated temperature
GB/T 230.1, Metallic materials - Rockwell hardness test - Part 1: Test method
(scales A, B, C, D, E, F, G, H, K, N, T)
GB/T 231.1, Metallic materials - Brinell hardness test - Part 1: Test method
GB/T 2039, Metallic materials - Uniaxial creep testing method in tension
GB/T 3634.2, Hydrogen - Part 2: Pure hydrogen, high pure hydrogen and
ultrapure hydrogen
GB/T 4842, Argon
GB/T 4844, Pure helium, high pure helium and ultra-pure helium
GB/T 6394, Metal - Methods for estimating the average grain size
GB/T 7232, Terminology of metal heat treatment
GB/T 8979, Pure nitrogen and high purity nitrogen and ultra-pure nitrogen
GB/T 10066.1, Test methods for electroheating and electromagnetic
processing installations - Part 1: General
GB/T 10067.1, Basic specifications for electroheating and electromagnetic
processing installations - Part 1: General
GB/T 10067.4, Basic specifications for electroheat installations - Part 4:
Indirect resistance furnaces
GB/T 14999.7, Test methods for grain sizes, primary dendrite spacing and
microshrinkage of superalloy castings
GB 15735, Requirements for the safety and health in production process of
metal heat treatment
GB/T 30825, Pyrometry for heat treatment
GB/T 32541, Quality control system for heat treatment
JB/T 6955, The specification of quenching medium for heat treatment
JB/T 10457, Technological requirements of liquid quenching apparatus
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions defined in GB/T
7232 as well as the followings apply.
3.1 temperature equalization time
the time FROM when all the temperature control thermocouples reach the
technique setting temperature TO the time that the core temperature of the
workpiece reaches the lower limit temperature of the furnace temperature
uniformity required by the technique setting temperature
3.2 metallurgical transformation time
the time FROM when the temperature of the core of the workpiece reaches the
lower limit temperature of the furnace temperature uniformity required by the
technique setting temperature TO the time when the workpiece is out of the
furnace
4.1.3 Vacuum furnace
4.1.3.1 The vacuum pressure of the vacuum furnace shall not be greater than
0.067Pa. The cold pressure rise rate shall not be greater than 1.33Pa/h. The
determination method is in accordance with GB/T 10066.1.
4.1.3.2 When the vacuum furnace is heated by backfilling inert gas protection,
the vacuum furnace shall be equipped with furnace gas pressure and dew point
monitoring system. The dew point of the furnace atmosphere should not be
higher than -51°C.
4.1.3.3 When the furnace temperature uniformity test is performed on the
vacuum furnace, it shall be carried out at the lowest vacuum pressure used in
the production of the workpiece. But it does not need to be lower than 1.3×10-
3Pa.
4.1.3.4 Vacuum sensor, vacuum pressure display and recorder shall be
calibrated regularly. It is recommended to conduct a comparison test on the
vacuum measurement and recording system every six months. The maximum
allowable error is ±0.5 orders of magnitude. See formula (1):
Where,
Pa - Indicated value of vacuum sensor, vacuum pressure display and recorder;
Pt - Indicated value of standard measuring equipment.
4.1.3.5 If the vacuum furnace is equipped with a dew point measuring device,
it shall be calibrated regularly. The maximum allowable measurement error is
±5°C.
4.1.4 Inert gas furnace
4.1.4.1 During the furnace temperature uniformity test, the gas pressure in the
furnace shall be consistent with the heat treatment of the workpiece.
4.1.4.2 The dew point of the atmosphere in the inert gas furnace shall not be
higher than -51°C.
4.1.4.3 The dew point measurement system shall be calibrated regularly. The
maximum allowable measurement error is ±5°C.
4.2 Cooling equipment
4.2.1 Quenching tank
evenly heated and cooled.
6.1.4 When using inert atmosphere heat treatment or vacuum heat treatment,
the part of the fixture that contacts the workpiece shall also be clean. Avoid
bonding between the fixture and the workpiece at high temperature during
vacuum heat treatment.
6.2 Loading to furnace
6.2.1 There shall be enough space between adjacent workpieces. Especially
when stacking is used, it shall be ensured that the furnace gas can flow
smoothly, evenly heat and cool on its inner and outer surfaces.
6.2.2 The workpiece shall be placed steadily on the rack, tray, frame or special
fixture, so as to ensure that all the workpieces are in the effective heating zone.
6.2.3 When calculating the heat preservation time by loading a thermocouple,
the thermocouple shall be inserted into the previously machined hole of the
workpiece or equivalent test block. And the top of the thermocouple shall be in
contact with the bottom of the hole. The gap between the hole and the
thermocouple is sealed with ceramic fiber and so on. The bottom of the hole
shall be located at the center of the largest section of the workpiece or
equivalent test block. If an equivalent test block is used, its length shall be at
least 3 times the maximum thickness.
6.3 Heating
6.3.1 For workpieces with large dimensions and complex shapes, it is
recommended to use preheating or segmented heating when heating for solid
solution treatment. The preheating temperature is generally 800°C~850°C.
When the solid solution treatment temperature is above 1000°C, generally use
two or more section heating. For heat treatment with preheating or section
heating, the workpiece shall be put into the furnace below the preheating
temperature or the temperature of the low temperature section of the section
heating.
6.3.2 When there is no preheating or segmented heating requirements, the
workpiece shall be heated with the furnace in accordance with the process
regulations or loaded into the furnace after the furnace temperature reaches
the set temperature and is stable. If there is no specific stipulation, the method
of heating to the warming furnace is preferred.
6.4 Heat preservation time
6.4.1 When the load thermocouple is not used to calculate the heat preservation
time, the heat preservation time shall be calculated when the indicated
temperature of all temperature-controlled thermocouples in the furnace reaches
the process set temperature.
6.4.2 When calculating the heat preservation time by the load thermocouple,
the heat preservation time shall be calculated from the time when all
thermocouples (including temperature control, recording, alarm and protection
thermocouples) reach the lower limit temperature of furnace temperature
uniformity required by the process set temperature. If the load thermocouple is
buried in the core of the workpiece or equivalent test block, the temperature
equalization time shall be deducted from the heat preservation time given in
Table 3~Table 5. Only keep the metallurgical transformation time. The
calculation of temperature equalization time given in Table 3~Table 5 is only
applicable to air resistance furnace and inert atmosphere furnace.
6.4.3 When the workpiece is stacked or the stack is used for multi-layer loading,
the temperature equalization time shall be determined by the load
thermocouple. When determining the temperature equalization time, the
number of workpieces installed in the furnace shall be the actual maximum
number of furnaces in the production.
6.4.4 Use at least 2 load thermocouples to measure the temperature
equalization time. Fix a load thermocouple at the center of the workpiece or
equivalent test block at the center of the middle layer. The other one is fixed at
the core of the workpiece or equivalent test block at the low temperature of the
heating furnace or the position closest to the low temperature. The location of
the low temperature point shall be determined based on the results of the most
recent furnace temperature uniformity test. The workpiece and the load
thermocouple are heated according to the actual heating method used in the
production (heating with the furnace, preheating, heating in segments or warmly
loading to furnace). Record the time when the last temperature control
thermocouple reaches the process set temperature and the time when all
thermocouples (including temperature control, record, alarm and protection and
load thermocouples) reach the lower limit temperature of furnace temperature
uniformity required by the process set temperature. The time difference
between the two is the temperature equalization time.
6.4.5 For vacuum heat treatment, the temperature equalization time of the
workpiece shall be determined by the load thermocouple. If it is not possible to
determine the temperature equalization time of the workpiece by installing a
load thermocouple, take 2 times the temperature equalization time of air
resistance furnace heating as the temperature equalization time of vacuum
heating.
6.5 Partial pressure of vacuum heat treatment
When vacuum heat treatment is used, the vacuum working pressure shall
generally not be greater than 0.133Pa. When the inflatable body is used, the
partial pressure is controlled at 1.33Pa~13.3Pa.
6.6 Cooling
For a workpiece that uses oil cooling, polymer aqueous solution, water cooling,
air cooling or air cooling, when the workpiece is cooled below 200°C, it is
allowed to exit the groove, stop wind cooling or stop air cooling.
6.7 Recording
If there are no special regulations, the records and data preservation of the heat
treatment process shall be implemented in accordance with the regulations of
GB/T 32541.
7 Quality inspection
7.1 Appearance
7.1.1 There shall be no defects such as cracks on the surface of the workpiece
after heat treatment.
7.1.2 Slight yellowish oxidation is allowed on the surface of the workpiece after
heat treatment in vacuum or inert atmosphere.
7.2 Metallographic inspection
7.2.1 The average grain size of the deformed superalloy is tested in accordance
with the provisions of GB/T 6394 or special technical documents. The average
grain size of the cast superalloy is tested in accordance with the provisions of
GB/T 14999.7.
7.2.2 The inspection of the microstructure is carried out in accordance with the
provisions of the special technical documents.
7.3 Mechanical properties
7.3.1 The hardness test is carried out in accordance with the provisions of GB/T
230.1 or GB/T 231.1.
7.3.2 The tensile properties at room temperature shall be carried out in
accordance with the provisions of GB/T 228.1.
7.3.3 The high temperature tensile properties shall be carried out in accordance
with the provisions of GB/T 228.2.
7.3.4 The durability and creep performance are carried out in accordance with
the provisions of GB/T 2039.
......
Source: Above contents are excerpted from the full-copy PDF -- translated/reviewed by: www.ChineseStandard.net / Wayne Zheng et al.
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