GB/T 21617-2023 PDF English
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Dangerous goods - Test methods for oxidizing solids
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| GB/T 21617-2008 | English | 279 |
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Dangerous goods -- Test method for oxidizing solids
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GB/T 21617-2023: Dangerous goods - Test methods for oxidizing solids---This is an excerpt. Full copy of true-PDF in English version (including equations, symbols, images, flow-chart, tables, and figures etc.), auto-downloaded/delivered in 9 seconds, can be purchased online: https://www.ChineseStandard.net/PDF.aspx/GBT21617-2023
GB
NATIONAL STANDARD OF THE
PEOPLE’S REPUBLIC OF CHINA
ICS 13.300
CCS A 80
GB/T 21617-2023
Replacing GB/T 21617-2008
Dangerous goods - Test methods for oxidizing solids
Issued on: NOVEMBER 27, 2023
Implemented on: JUNE 01, 2024
Issued by. State Administration for Market Regulation;
Standardization Administration of the People’s Republic of China.
Table of Contents
Foreword... 3
1 Scope... 5
2 Normative references... 5
3 Terms and definitions... 5
4 Reagents... 5
5 Test methods... 6
6 Expression of results... 13
Bibliography... 16
Dangerous goods - Test methods for oxidizing solids
WARNING. This document does not address all possible safety problems. Test
personnel shall have the necessary safety knowledge and safety protection, and
ensure compliance with relevant national laws and regulations.
1 Scope
This document describes two test methods for oxidizing solids of dangerous goods and
specifies the presentation of results.
This document applies to the determination of oxidizing solids of dangerous goods
other than explosive substances, flammable substances, organic peroxides and
ammonium nitrate-based fertilizers.
2 Normative references
The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this
document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references,
the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
GB 6944-2012 Classification and code of dangerous goods
GB 19458 Safety code for inspection of hazardous properties for dangerous goods -
General specifications
3 Terms and definitions
For the purpose of this document, the terms and definitions defined in GB 19458 and
the following apply.
3.1
cellulose
Dry white chemical fiber with a length of less than 100 μm, an average diameter of
about 25 μm, an apparent density of about 170 kg/m3, and a pH value of 5 ~ 7.
4 Reagents
4.1 Test mixture I. a mixture of the substance to be tested and cellulose in a mass ratio
of 1.1.
e) particle size. the proportion of particles with a particle size less than 75 μm is
greater than or equal to 99 %, of which the proportion of particles with a particle
size less than 20 μm is greater than or equal to 50 %.
5.1.2.2 Preparation of cellulose
Make the cellulose into a layer with a thickness of not more than 25 mm, dry it at 105 ℃
to constant mass (for at least 4 h), and then place it in a desiccator (with desiccant) until
it cools down and is ready for use. The moisture content shall be less than 0.5 % on a
dry weight basis. If necessary, the drying time shall be extended to ensure that the
moisture content is less than 0.5 %.
5.1.2.3 Sample inspection
Inspect the substance to be used for transportation. If the powder with a diameter of less
than 500 μm accounts for more than 10 % of the total mass, or it is fragile, all test
samples shall be ground into powder before test to avoid particle size reduction during
loading and unloading and transportation. Since particle size has a great influence on
the results, the particle size of the tested solid shall be stated in the test report.
5.1.2.4 Preparation of test mixtures
30.0 g ± 0.1 g of the substance to be tested (of which the particle size meets the
requirements of 5.1.2.3) and cellulose are prepared into test mixture I and test mixture
II respectively. Each test mixture shall be stirred for at least 1 min to mix as completely
as possible, avoiding excessive stirring. Each test mixture shall be prepared separately
and used as soon as possible. It shall be extracted from different batches of mixtures.
5.1.2.5 Preparation of standard mixtures
30.0 g ± 0.1 g of calcium peroxide standard substance and cellulose are prepared into
standard mixtures I, II and III respectively. Each standard mixture shall be stirred for at
least 1 min to mix as completely as possible, avoiding excessive stirring. Each standard
mixture shall be prepared separately and used as soon as possible. It shall be extracted
from different batches of mixtures.
5.1.3 Instruments and equipment
5.1.3.1 Balance and accessories
5.1.3.1.1 The balance shall have a measurement range and accuracy that meet the test
requirements, and have data transmission function and data acquisition interface. It can
record the required data (time, mass), and check the time frequency of the data
acquisition software through a stopwatch, with a frequency of more than 5 Hz.
5.1.3.1.2 Use a base plate made of solid material, a positioning plate made of flame-
retardant material, and several guide rods to construct a support structure for the burning
test on the balance.
5.1.3.1.3 Use a windshield to ensure that the balance is not affected by ventilation or
ambient airflow.
5.1.3.1.4 The burning cone stack shall always be placed in the center of the balance to
protect the balance from contact with heat sources and burning particles during the test.
5.1.3.1.5 The balance and accessories should be constructed as follows (the letters in
brackets correspond to the key in Figure 1).
a) Use a sufficiently strong base plate (H) (such as a 4 mm steel plate or a 16 mm
polyamide plate) to keep the metal guide rods (G) in a stable position at all times,
and the base plate is larger than the balance; fix the bottom of the plate on some
buffer material to reduce environmental vibration; fix 2 to 4 metal guide rods (G)
on the base plate to ensure that the positioning plate (F) and the test plate (C)
protect the balance during the test and are always in the same position on the
balance; the balance shall always be in the center of the base plate.
b) The positioning plate (F) is made of flame-retardant, low thermal conductivity
material with the same characteristics as the test plate (see 5.1.3.3); the diameter
of the drilled holes on the positioning plate for fixing the guide rods shall be about
8 mm longer than the diameter of the guide rods.
c) The guide rods must always be located in the center of the drilled holes to prevent
the positioning plate (F) from contacting the guide rods and affecting the
operation of the balance; some kind of check mark shall be fixed on the
positioning plate (F) so that the test plate (C) is in the center of the balance.
d) the connection between the power source and the ignition wire shall be flexible
enough to prevent vibration or displacement from interfering with the free
movement of the balance pan; flexible wiring shall be used and supports shall be
used near the test plate, and the wiring between the support and the test plate shall
be in a circle to increase flexibility.
e) The windshield (D) is enclosed in a closed circle and is about 10 cm higher than
the equipment; it can be installed on the bottom plate or set around the entire test
equipment.
least 6 mm thick, and has a thermal conductivity (at 0 °C) less than or equal to 0.23
W/(m · K).
5.1.3.4 Ventilation area
A certain degree of ventilation is required, and a fume hood or other ventilation area
with an airflow velocity less than or equal to 0.5 m/s is required. The smoke exhaust
system shall be able to absorb harmful smoke.
5.1.4 Operation steps
5.1.4.1 Sample placement
Use a conical funnel container to make the mixture into a truncated cone with a bottom
diameter of 70 mm, covering the annular ignition wire placed flat on the low thermal
conductivity test plate. The test shall be carried out under normal pressure, with an
ambient temperature of 20 ℃ ± 5 ℃ and a relative humidity of less than 60 % to reduce
the absorption of moisture by cellulose during use.
5.1.4.2 Test
5.1.4.2.1 The balance is placed in a ventilated area and zeroed. The ignition wire is
connected to the power source and remains powered during the test; if the mixture does
not ignite or burn, it is kept powered for 3 min.
5.1.4.2.2 Data collection shall start before the power is turned on and continue until the
reaction ends or until the mass loss rate is less than 1 g per min. If the ignition wire
breaks, the test shall be repeated to ensure that the test results are not affected by the
wire break. 5 valid tests shall be conducted on the standard mixtures and the test
mixtures.
5.1.4.2.3 Check the status of each burning test by plotting the mass loss spectrum as a
function of time. The correlation coefficient (R2) of the mass curve of each burning test
shall be at least 0.90 between 20 % and 80 % of the total mass loss, otherwise repeat
the test. The standard deviation of 5 tests shall not exceed 20 %.
5.2 Test of oxidizing solids (test method 2)
5.2.1 Principle of the method
The substance to be tested is made into test mixtures for test, and the burning
characteristics of the mixtures are compared with those of the standard mixtures to
determine its oxidizing capacity.
5.2.2 Test preparation
5.2.2.1 Preparation of potassium bromate standard substance
The standard substance is industrial pure potassium bromate with a nominal particle
size of 0.15 mm ~ 0.30 mm after sieving. The standard substance shall not be ground.
The standard substance is dried at 65 ℃ to constant mass (for at least 12 h), and then
placed in a desiccator (with desiccant) until cooled down for use.
5.2.2.2 Preparation of cellulose
Same as 5.1.2.2.
5.2.2.3 Sample inspection
Same as 5.1.2.3.
5.2.2.4 Preparation of test mixtures
30.0 g ± 0.1 g of the substance to be tested (of which the particle size meets the
requirements of 5.2.2.3) and cellulose are prepared into test mixture I and test mixture
II respectively. It should mix as completely as possible, avoiding excessive stirring.
Each test mixture shall be prepared separately and used as soon as possible. It shall be
extracted from different batches of mixtures.
5.2.2.5 Preparation of standard mixtures
30.0 g ± 0.1 g of potassium bromate standard substance and cellulose are prepared into
standard mixtures IV, V and VI respectively. It should mix as thoroughly as possible,
avoiding excessive stirring. Each standard mixture shall be prepared separately and
used as soon as possible. It shall be extracted from different batches of mixtures.
5.2.3 Instruments and equipment
The configurations of ignition source, test plate and ventilation area are the same as
5.1.3.2 ~ 5.1.3.4.
5.2.4 Operation steps
5.2.4.1 Sample placement
Same as 5.1.4.1.
5.2.4.2 Test
5.2.4.2.1 The ignition wire is connected to the power source and remains powered
during the test; if the mixture does not ignite or burn, it is kept powered for 3 min. If
the mixture burns, record the burning time from when the power source is turned on to
the end of the main reaction (such as flame, scorching or flameless burning).
5.2.4.2.2 Intermittent reactions after the main reaction, such as sparks or crackling, are
not recorded in the burning time of the main reaction. If the ignition wire breaks during
the test, the test shall be repeated unless the ignition wire break clearly does not affect
the result.
5.2.4.2.3 When assigning the packing category or determining whether the substance
belongs to “5.1.Oxidizing substances” classified in accordance with GB 6944-2012,
each standard mixture and test mixture shall be tested 5 times, and the result shall be
the average of the 5 tests.
NOTE. Oxidizing substances are substances that may not burn themselves, but usually cause or
promote the burning of other substances by releasing oxygen.
6 Expression of results
6.1 Oxidizing solid mass test
6.1.1 Evaluation of results
The evaluation of results shall be based on.
a) comparison of the median burning rate (BR) of the test mixture with the median
burning rate of the standard mixture;
b) whether the test mixture ignites and burns.
If there is any doubt about the test results, the results of the tests conducted when the
substance was mixed with an inert material and/or in an inert atmosphere shall also be
considered when evaluating the results.
6.1.2 Burning periods of the cone stack
The burning of the cone stack can be divided into three periods.
a) initial period. total mass loss from 0 % to 20 %;
b) main burning period. total mass loss from 20 % to 80 %;
c) end of reaction. total mass loss from 80 % to the end of reaction.
During the main burning period, the mass loss per unit time is quite constant. Therefore,
linear regression (based on the least squares method) is used to check the mass of the
collected data. If the shape of the mass loss curve indicates that the test is invalid, it
shall check the mixing procedure or the test configuration that affects the free
movement of the balance pan.
6.1.3 Calculation of median burning rate
The median burning rate in this test is defined as the quotient of 60 % of the total
cellulose contained in the cone stack and the main burning time t20-80.Time t20-80 is the
......
Source: Above contents are excerpted from the full-copy PDF -- translated/reviewed by: www.ChineseStandard.net / Wayne Zheng et al.
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