GB 20943-2025 PDF English
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Minimum allowable values of energy efficiency and energy efficiency grades for AC-DC and AC-AC power supplies
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| GB 20943-2013 | English | 189 |
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Minimum allowable values of energy efficiency and evaluating values of energy conservation for single voltage external AC-DC and AC-AC power supplies
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| GB 20943-2007 | English | 319 |
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Minimum allowable values of energy efficiency and evaluating values of energy conservation for single voltage external AC-DC and AC-AC power supplies
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GB 20943-2025: Minimum allowable values of energy efficiency and energy efficiency grades for AC-DC and AC-AC power supplies
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GB
NATIONAL STANDARD OF THE
PEOPLE’S REPUBLIC OF CHINA
ICS 27.010
CCS F 01
Replacing GB 20943-2013
Minimum Allowable Values of Energy Efficiency and Energy
Efficiency Grades for AC-DC and AC-AC Power Supplies
Issued on: JANUARY 24, 2025
Implemented on: FEBRUARY 1, 2027
Issued by. State Administration for Market Regulation;
Standardization Administration of the People’s Republic of China.
Table of Contents
Foreword... 3
1 Scope... 5
2 Normative References... 5
3 Terms and Definitions... 5
4 Technical Requirements... 7
5 Test Methods... 13
Appendix A (normative) Test Methods for Average Efficiency, No Load Active Power
and Power Factor of External Power Supply... 15
Appendix B (normative) Load Combination Methods of Multiple Voltage Output
External Power Supply... 20
Appendix C (informative) Example of Load Combination of Multiple Voltage Output
External Power Supply... 22
Appendix D (normative) Test Methods for Active Mode Efficiency and Power Factor
of Internal Power Supply... 25
Minimum Allowable Values of Energy Efficiency and Energy
Efficiency Grades for AC-DC and AC-AC Power Supplies
1 Scope
This document specifies the energy efficiency grades and minimum allowable values of energy
efficiency of power supplies (hereinafter referred to as products) that convert AC voltage into
low-voltage DC (not more than 60 V) or low-voltage AC (not more than 42.4 V) output voltage
under 220 V, 50 Hz power supply conditions, and describes the corresponding test methods.
This document applies to.
a) External power supplies with a rated output power of not more than 500 W and
internal power supplies for microcomputers and servers with a rated output power of
not more than 27.5 kW;
b) Extension cord socket-outlets, wall-mounted socket-outlets and power supply parts
of converters with universal serial bus (USB) port adapters.
This document does not apply to combined products with external power supplies as auxiliary
functions, combined products with batteries (including products for charging independent
batteries), external power supplies with wireless charging function, and Power Over Ethernet
(POE) external power supplies other than b), nor to products that power industrial equipment,
means of transportation, and medical apparatus and instruments.
2 Normative References
The contents of the following documents constitute indispensable clauses of this document
through the normative references in the text. In terms of references with a specified date, only
versions with a specified date are applicable to this document. In terms of references without a
specified date, the latest version (including all the modifications) is applicable to this document.
GB/T 8170 Rules of Rounding off for Numerical Values & Expression and Judgement of
Limiting Values
3 Terms and Definitions
The following terms and definitions are applicable to this document.
3.1 external power supply
adapter
A product that converts AC grid voltage into DC or AC voltage, connects to electrical products
through wires, cables or other interfaces, and provides one or multiple DC or AC output
voltages when used.
NOTE. the power supply can be independently used, not fixedly installed on the electrical products,
and is completely separated from the electrical products.
3.2 single voltage output external power supply
The external power supply that only provides one DC or AC output voltage each time it is used.
NOTE. if the nominal output voltage is less than 6 V and the nominal output current is greater than
or equal to 550 mA, it is low-voltage single voltage output external power supply, and
other than low voltage, it is basic-voltage single voltage output external power supply.
3.3 adjustable voltage single voltage output external power supply
The external power supply that makes output voltage adjustable through single-port protocol
and only provides one DC or AC output voltage each time it is used.
3.4 multiple voltage output external power supply
The external power supply that is connected to electrical products through multiple wires,
cables or multiple output ports, and can simultaneously provide multiple DC or AC output
voltages when in use.
3.5 internal power supply
The AC-DC power supply that is connected to the equipment or components powered by it
through the output connector and installed together in the same equipment housing, and it has
a relatively independent power supply form.
3.6 active mode
The state, in which, the input end of the product is connected to the grid power supply, the
output end is connected to the load, and the output current is between zero (not included) and
the rated current.
3.7 no load mode
The state, in which, the input end of the product is connected to the grid power supply, the
output end is not connected to the load, or the load does not consume electrical energy.
3.8 active mode efficiency
When the product reaches a stable active mode, the ratio of actual output power to actual input
active power.
3.9 average efficiency
The average value of active mode efficiencies of the product under the active mode of four
current intensities. 100%, 75%, 50% and 25% of the rated output current.
3.10 minimum allowable values of energy efficiency for external power supply
Under the test conditions specified in this document, the minimum allowable average efficiency,
maximum active power under the no load mode and minimum power factor under the rated
state of the product.
3.11 minimum allowable values of energy efficiency for internal power supply
Under the test conditions specified in this document, the minimum allowable active mode
efficiency and minimum power factor value of the product.
4 Technical Requirements
4.1 Energy Efficiency Grades
4.1.1 Energy efficiency grades of external power supply
The energy efficiency of external power supply is divided into 3 grades, among which, Grade-
1 has the highest energy efficiency. The minimum average efficiency of external power supply
at each level of the active mode, maximum active power under the no load mode and minimum
power factor under the rated state shall comply with the provisions of Table 1 ~ Table 4.Among
them, adjustable voltage single voltage output products shall be tested for two states. the
minimum output voltage and maximum output voltage. In accordance with the output power
nominal value and the provisions of Table 3, the lower of the two corresponding grades is taken
to determine the product energy efficiency grade.
The minimum average efficiency under the active mode, the maximum active power under the
no load mode and the minimum power factor value under the rated state of external power
supply shall be rounded in accordance with the provisions of GB/T 8170, and all rounded to 3
decimal places.
Appendix A
(normative)
Test Methods for Average Efficiency, No Load Active Power and Power Factor of
External Power Supply
A.1 Basic Test Requirements
A.1.1 Test environment
The test environment temperature shall be maintained within the range of 23 C 5 C. During
the test, the air flow speed near the product shall not be greater than 0.5 m/s. External fans, air
conditioners or radiators shall not be used to reduce the temperature of the product to be tested.
During the test, the product shall be placed on non-thermal conductive materials.
A.1.2 Test voltage and frequency
The test voltage and frequency shall be measured in the AC voltage 220 V, frequency 50 Hz
mode. For single voltage output products with adjustable output voltage, select the maximum
output voltage and minimum output voltage, and respectively perform the test.
The test is powered by an AC regulated power supply, and its voltage and frequency fluctuations
are not greater than 1%. The total voltage harmonic distortion of the regulated power supply
shall not be greater than 2% (including the 13th harmonic). The peak value of the test voltage
shall be between 1.34 ~ 1.49 times its root mean square value.
A.1.3 Test equipment and measurement requirements
The measurement shall use a calibrated voltmeter, ammeter and power meter (or power
analyzer).
When measuring active power not greater than 10 W, the power meter has a resolution of 0.001
W; when measuring active power greater than 10 W and less than 250 W, the power meter has
a resolution of 0.01 W; when measuring active power greater than or equal to 250 W, the power
meter has a resolution of 0.1 W. When measuring the power factor PF value, the resolution is
at least 0.001.
During the test, the test loop shall be as short as possible to avoid measurement errors caused
by the test circuit.
A.1.4 Test load
An electronic load or a variable resistor shall be equipped to ensure that the test is performed
within the output power range of each product.
A.2 Test Methods
A.2.1 Preparation before the test
A.2.1.1 Before the test, the product to be tested shall be pre-heated in accordance with the
following scenarios. Each product to be tested shall only undergo a 30-minute pre-heating
process.
a) Products with long-term constant power shall continuously operate for 30 minutes for
pre-heating at their nominal output;
b) For products with peak output power derating, if the maximum rated output current
cannot support long-term pre-heating, the output current can be reduced by 25% of
the maximum rated output current to satisfy 30 minutes of continuous operation for
pre-heating.
A.2.1.2 For products with integrated adapters and cables, the plug can be cut off, and the voltage
can be tested in accordance with the end of the output cable. For products with separate adapters
and cables, if the manufacturer has matching cables, then, the output voltage sampling point is
at the end of the output cable, and the specifications of the corresponding cables are noted; if
the manufacturer does not have matching cables, then, the output voltage sampling point is
within 5 cm of the output port, with the voltmeter in the front and the ammeter in the back (i.e.,
the ammeter is internally connected) to ensure accurate sampling.
A.2.1.3 When the load is not higher than 25% and there is a jump in the input power, the AC
input active power and the output DC active power are continuously integrated for more than
or equal to 5 minutes to respectively calculate the average active power, and then, calculate the
average active mode efficiency.
A.2.1.4 For interference type design, only single cable plug-in output fusion ports are supported.
If the manufacturer has matching cables, then, select the port corresponding to the matching
cables for testing; if the manufacturer does not have matching cables, then, all ports shall be
tested.
A.2.1.5 All built-in switches that control the flow direction of the AC input current in all
products to be tested shall be in the open state during measurement. These built-in switches
shall be marked in the final test report.
A.2.2 Active mode efficiency
A.2.2.1 Adjust the test load, so that the output current of the product to be tested reaches X% of
the rated current, and monitor the AC input power for greater than or equal to 5 minutes, so as
to ensure that the product continuously and stably operates. In this state, respectively obtain the
input active power [PIX, expressed in (W)] of the AC input end and the output active power
[POX, expressed in (W)] of the AC or DC output end of the product to be tested, and in
accordance with Formula (A.1), calculate the active mode efficiency ηX under this active mode.
Where,
ηX---the active mode efficiency under the active mode when the output current is 100%, 75%,
50%, 25% of the rated output current;
POX---the output active power at the output end, expressed in (W);
PIX---the input active power at the AC input end, expressed in (W).
During the test, when the output current is 100%, 75%, 50%, 25% of the rated output current
(error is 1%), respectively test the input active power (PIX) at the AC input end and the output
active power (POX) at the output end of the product to be tested and calculate the arithmetic
mean efficiency.
NOTE 1.in the test, let X% of the rated output equal to X% of the rated output current, without
considering the voltage fluctuation that may occur in the AC regulated power supply,
resulting in the difference between X% of the rated current output and X% of the rated
output power.
NOTE 2.there is no need to accurately calculate and measure the resistance value of the test load.
The variable resistor is only used to adjust the percentage of the ammeter indicating the
rated output current, without considering the change in the output voltage of the product
under test. For electronic loads, select the constant current mode.
NOTE 3.for a multiple voltage output external power supply with fixed output voltage, in
accordance with the relevant formulas in Appendix D.2.4, calculate the output load
current of each channel (the value of X is replaced by 100, 75, 50, 25, 0).
NOTE 4.for an external power supply with manually or automatically adjustable output voltage,
the test is respectively carried out in the order of rated maximum output voltage and
minimum output voltage.
NOTE 5.for a multiple voltage output external power supply with adjustable output voltage, the
output load of each port shall select the corresponding load combination in accordance
with Appendix B.
NOTE 6.for products with peak output power, if the 30-minute warm-up period cannot be satisfied,
then, the active mode efficiency under this load condition is not tested. For the average
efficiency, only the arithmetic mean of the load conditions, under which, the power
supply can stably operate for a long time is calculated, and the power value
corresponding to the 100% output current condition is taken as the requirement of energy
efficiency grade for determination.
A.2.2.2 If the external power supply is output through a port, the relevant wires must be
equipped in actual use. If the manufacturer does not equip the output wires, the output power
must take into account the power loss of the output wires, and calculate its output power in
accordance with Formula (A.2).
......
Source: Above contents are excerpted from the full-copy PDF -- translated/reviewed by: www.ChineseStandard.net / Wayne Zheng et al.
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