GB 16796-2022 PDF English
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Security alarm equipment - Safety requirements and test methods
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GB 16796-2022: Security alarm equipment - Safety requirements and test methods---This is an excerpt. Full copy of true-PDF in English version (including equations, symbols, images, flow-chart, tables, and figures etc.), auto-downloaded/delivered in 9 seconds, can be purchased online: https://www.ChineseStandard.net/PDF.aspx/GB16796-2022
GB
NATIONAL STANDARD OF THE
PEOPLE’S REPUBLIC OF CHINA
ICS 13.310
CCS A 91
Replacing GB 16796-2009
Security alarm equipment - Safety requirements and test
methods
ISSUED ON: DECEMBER 29, 2022
IMPLEMENTED ON: JANUARY 01, 2024
Issued by: State Administration for Market Regulation;
Standardization Administration of the People’s Republic of China.
Table of Contents
Foreword ... 4
1 Scope ... 6
2 Normative references ... 6
3 Terms and definitions ... 7
4 Safety protection design principles ... 12
5 Requirement for protection from electric shock ... 12
5.1 Accessible parts ... 12
5.2 Insulation ... 14
5.3 Protective conductor ... 14
5.4 Fuse ... 15
5.5 Lightning protection ... 16
5.6 Battery ... 16
6 Requirements for protection from mechanical injury ... 16
6.1 Protection of sharp edges/acute angles ... 16
6.2 Protection of moving parts ... 16
6.3 Mechanical stability ... 16
6.4 Mechanical strength ... 16
7 Requirements for thermal burn protection ... 17
8 Requirements for fire prevention ... 18
8.1 Basic requirements ... 18
8.2 Enclosure structure ... 18
8.3 Flame retardant ... 19
9 Requirements for radiation protection ... 19
9.1 Protection against light radiation ... 19
9.2 Protection against ionization radiation ... 19
9.3 Protection against microwave radiation ... 20
10 Indicative requirements for safety protection ... 20
10.1 General provisions ... 20
10.2 Safety protection of sharp edges and acute angles ... 20
10.3 Safety protection of moving parts ... 20
10.4 Safety protection of equipment containing light sources ... 20
10.5 Safety protection of equipment of high voltage or high current ... 20
11 Requirements for equipment marking and instruction manual ... 21
11.1 Marking ... 21
11.2 Instruction manual... 23
12 Test methods ... 23
12.1 General test conditions ... 23
12.2 Anti-shock test ... 26
12.3 Test of protection from mechanical injury ... 32
12.4 Thermal burn protection test ... 33
12.5 Fire prevention test ... 34
12.6 Radiation protection test ... 34
12.7 Inspection of safety protection instructions ... 35
12.8 Inspection of markings and instructions ... 35
Appendix A (Normative) Test fixtures for accessible parts ... 37
A.1 Articulated test fixtures ... 37
A.2 Non-articulated test fixtures ... 38
A.3 Blunt test fixtures ... 38
Bibliography ... 39
Security alarm equipment - Safety requirements and test
methods
1 Scope
This document establishes the safety protection design principles for security alarm
equipment, stipulates the requirements for protection from electric shock, requirements
for protection from mechanical injury, requirements for thermal burn protection,
requirements for fire prevention, requirements for radiation protection, indicative
requirements for safety protection, requirements for markings and instructions, and
describes the test methods for each corresponding requirement.
This document applies to the design, manufacture, inspection and application of various
types of equipment in security systems.
Note: Various types of equipment include but are not limited to equipment in systems
such as intrusion and emergency alarm, video surveillance, entrance and exit
control, parking lot (warehouse) security management, explosion-proof safety
inspection, electronic inspection, building intercom, physical protection and
human biometric identification.
2 Normative references
The following documents are referred to in the text in such a way that some or all of
their content constitutes requirements of this document. For dated references, only the
version corresponding to that date is applicable to this document; for undated references,
the latest version (including all amendments) is applicable to this document.
GB 4943.1-2022, Audio/video, information and communication technology
equipment - Part 1: Safety requirements
GB/T 5465.1-2009, Graphical symbols for use on electrical equipment - Part 1:
Overview and classification
GB 7247.1-2012, Safety of laser products - Part 1: Equipment classification and
requirements
GB 15208.1-2018, Micro-dose X-ray security inspection system - Part 1: General
technical requirements
GB/T 37958-2019, Requirements of optical radiation safety for active lighting units
of video surveillance systems
Note 3: Abnormal operating conditions may cause the failure of components, devices
or safety protection.
[Source: GB 4943.1-2022, 3.3.7.1]
3.27
single fault condition
Under normal operation conditions of the equipment, a single safety protection (rather
than an enhanced safety protection) or a single component or device fails.
Note: B.4 in GB 4943.1-2022 specifies single fault conditions.
[Source: GB 4943.1-2022, 3.3.7.9]
4 Safety protection design principles
The safety protection design principles are as follows.
a) Prevent and reduce equipment safety risks under normal operation conditions,
abnormal operating conditions and single fault conditions.
b) Prevent and reduce safety risks of equipment in special use environments (such
as strong electromagnetic interference, extreme climate, explosion-proof places),
special working conditions (such as continuous long-term work) and specific
installation conditions (such as hoisting, wall hanging). For outdoor equipment
used in extremely cold and hot areas, when metal materials are used as the
enclosure, appropriate protective measures should be taken in the design.
c) Prevent and reduce safety risks caused by equipment components and parts, such
as implosion or explosion, ultrasonic or infrasonic damage.
d) Design or select a suitable protective enclosure that is provided with functions
such as protection from electric shock, protection from mechanical injury and
ignition prevention.
e) Select materials that meet the relevant requirements for pollution control of
electronic information products and are compatible with the requirements for
flame retardant grade, aging performance and mechanical strength of the
equipment.
5 Requirement for protection from electric shock
5.1 Accessible parts
5.1.1 Steady-state voltage or steady-state touch current limits
5.5 Lightning protection
Equipment intended to use coaxial cables to transmit data between different buildings
or between outdoor antennas and buildings shall be able to meet the electrical strength
requirements of 5.2.2 after undergoing the pulse test (without damp and hot
pretreatment); the above-mentioned equipment with antenna terminals shall also
undergo a voltage impact test, after which it shall be able to meet the electrical strength
requirements of 5.2.2 (without damp and hot pretreatment).
5.6 Battery
For equipment equipped with batteries, the batteries shall comply with the requirements
of 7.6 in GB 4943.1-2022.
6 Requirements for protection from mechanical injury
6.1 Protection of sharp edges/acute angles
When there are accessible sharp edges and/or acute angles on the equipment, protective
measures shall be taken to prevent harm to the human body.
Special equipment whose basic functions are achieved by using accessible sharp
edges/acute angles shall be provided with safety protection instructions.
6.2 Protection of moving parts
When there are accessible moving parts on the equipment, protective measures shall be
taken to prevent harm to the human body.
Special equipment whose basic functions are achieved by using moving parts shall be
provided with safety protection instructions.
6.3 Mechanical stability
Non-fixed floor-standing equipment with a mass greater than or equal to 25 kg shall not
tip over after the test specified in 12.3.3.
6.4 Mechanical strength
After the enclosure strength test in Table 4 and the drop test in Table 5, the equipment
shall meet the following requirements:
a) The enclosure shall not have cracks that may cause danger;
b) The insulation of internal wires shall not be damaged;
c) The internal baffle shall not be damaged or loose;
9.3 Protection against microwave radiation
For equipment containing microwave devices, the power density of stray microwave
radiation at a distance of 50 mm from the outer surface of the equipment (frequency
range 1 GHz ~ 40 GHz) shall be less than or equal to 10 W/m2.
10 Indicative requirements for safety protection
10.1 General provisions
Safety protection instructions shall be completely marked on the equipment, or graphic
symbols or warning text shall be marked on the equipment and complete instructions
shall be provided in the instructions. If only warning text is used, the text shall begin
with the words “WARNING”, “CAUTION” or similar text. Safety instructions marked
on the equipment shall be close to hazardous parts.
10.2 Safety protection of sharp edges and acute angles
Indicative requirements for safety protection of sharp edges and acute angles shall
include the following:
-- Graphical symbol: the symbol numbered 6043 in IEC 60417 (2011-01);
-- Warning text: “Beware of sharp edges” or similar text.
10.3 Safety protection of moving parts
Indicative requirements for safety protection of moving parts shall include the
following:
-- Graphical symbol: the symbol numbered 6057 in IEC 60417 (2011-05);
-- Warning text: “Caution of moving parts” or similar text.
10.4 Safety protection of equipment containing light sources
Equipment containing laser light sources shall comply with the requirements marked in
Chapter 5 of GB 7247.1-2012; video surveillance equipment containing active lighting
components such as LEDs and xenon lamps with emission wavelengths 200 nm ~ 1
400 nm shall comply with the requirements of 6.3 in GB/T 37958-2019.
10.5 Safety protection of equipment of high voltage or high current
Indicative requirements for safety protection of equipment of high voltage or high
current shall include the following:
-- Graphical symbol: the symbol numbered 5036 in GB/T 5465.1-2009;
-- Warning text: “Beware of electric shock” or similar text.
11 Requirements for equipment marking and instruction
manual
11.1 Marking
11.1.1 Marking contents
The equipment shall be marked with at least the following.
a) Manufacturer’s name, responsible supplier’s name or registered trademark.
b) Model and name of the equipment.
c) Nature (AC, DC or both AC and DC) and polarity of the power source. For AC,
the symbol ~ numbered 5032 in GB/T 5465.1-2009 shall be used, and for DC, the
symbol numbered 5031 in GB/T 5465.1-2009 shall be used.
d) Rated value or rated voltage range of the supply voltage. For equipment powered
by AC mains power grid, the rated voltage or rated voltage range shall be marked
as 220 V or 380 V (applicable to three-phase equipment) or include the above
values, and be set to 220 V or 380 V at the factory; if the equipment has multiple
power connections and the connections have different rated voltages, each
connection shall be marked with the rated voltage.
e) AC rated frequency or rated frequency range. Equipment powered by AC mains
power grid shall be marked as 50 Hz or including 50 Hz.
f) Rated current or rated power. If the equipment is provided with a grid power output
socket, the rated current or power marked shall include the current or power
allocated to the output socket; if the equipment has multiple power connections,
each connection shall be marked with a rated current or power.
g) Rated current value, voltage value, fusing characteristics and model of the fuse
(fuse wire/tube). If the fuse is replaceable, it shall be marked near the fuse holder.
h) Protection category of the equipment against electric shock. The marking of
protection category against electric shock for Class I equipment and Class II
equipment shall meet the following requirements respectively:
-- Class I equipment:
The characteristics of the power supply used during the test (such as power supply
impedance, output voltage waveform) shall not have a significant impact on the test
results. For AC-DC dual-use products, the two power supplies must be supplied
separately.
12.1.3 Test sequence
The tests shall be carried out in the following order.
a) Tests carried out when the equipment is not powered on.
b) Tests carried out when the equipment is powered on, the test sequence is:
1) Tests under normal operation conditions;
2) Tests under abnormal operating conditions;
3) Tests under single fault conditions;
4) Other tests that may cause destructive effects.
12.1.4 normal operation conditions
Unless otherwise specified, the tests shall be conducted under the most unfavorable
conditions of the following factors.
a) Supply voltage. The most unfavorable supply voltage for a certain test shall be
determined based on the rated voltage of the equipment, the upper and lower
limits of the rated voltage range, and the rated voltage tolerance specified by the
manufacturer. Unless the manufacturer declares the use of wider tolerances, the
minimum tolerances for AC mains power supplies shall be +10% and -10% and
the minimum tolerances for DC mains power supplies shall be +20% and -15%.
b) Power frequency. The most unfavorable power frequency for a certain test shall
be determined based on different frequencies within the rated frequency range of
the equipment (for example, 50 Hz and 60 Hz).
c) Environmental conditions, such as the maximum ambient temperature specified
by the manufacturer.
d) Working mode, such as full load working conditions.
e) Adjustment of control buttons, knobs, etc.
12.1.5 Abnormal operating conditions
Before introducing abnormal operating conditions, the equipment shall be in normal
operation conditions. Each abnormal operating condition shall be imposed individually
12.2 Anti-shock test
12.2.1 Test of requirements for accessible parts
12.2.1.1 Steady-state voltage or steady-state touch current test
The steady-state voltage or steady-state touch current test shall be carried out according
to the following method.
a) Use the articulated test fixture specified in Figure A.1 in Appendix A to determine
the accessible parts of the equipment. When there is an opening in the equipment
that prevents the articulated test fixture from contacting the component, the non-
articulated test fixture in Figure A.2 in Appendix A shall be used to apply a force
of 30 N for testing. If a non-articulated test fixture can enter the opening, the
articulated test fixture shall be used again to apply a force of less than 30 N to
determine the accessible part of the equipment. Use the blunt test fixture specified
in Figure A.3 in Appendix A to determine the accessible parts of the equipment
plug, jack, and connector. (Accessible parts of the equipment include parts behind
doors, panels, removable covers, etc. that can be opened without tools, and
exclude floor-standing equipment with a mass exceeding 40 kg that becomes
accessible only when tilted).
b) The supply voltage is 1.1 times the rated voltage of the equipment.
c) Put the equipment in normal operation conditions, abnormal operating conditions
and single fault conditions respectively, use an oscilloscope (or a voltmeter with
an observable waveform) with an internal resistance not less than 50 kΩ, and test
the steady-state voltage of each accessible part (If the equipment or parts of the
equipment need to be earthed during use, they shall be earthed before testing).
d) Put the equipment in normal operation conditions, abnormal operating conditions
and single fault conditions respectively (the single fault test of Class I equipment
shall include the disconnection of the protective earthing conductor). The human
body impedance measurement network used for Class I equipment and Class II
equipment under single fault conditions shall comply with the requirements of
Figure 2a); the human body impedance measurement network used for Class II
equipment under other conditions shall comply with the requirements of Figure
2b). Test between the accessible parts of the equipment and between the
accessible part and any pole of the power supply. The test circuit is shown in
Figure 3 or Figure 4. For single-phase equipment, the L-N polarity is changed for
a total of 2 tests; for three-phase equipment, the L1/L2/L3 polarity is changed for
a total of 6 tests.
e) For accessible non-conductive parts of the equipment, cover the parts with metal
foil (the area of the metal foil is approximately 100 mm × 200 mm) for testing.
f) Determine whether the inspection results meet the requirements of 5.1.1.
If the equipment is provided with a power switch, test with the power switch on and off.
12.2.2 Insulation test
12.2.2.1 Clearance and creepage distance tests
Carry out the test according to the requirements of 5.4.2 and 5.4.3 in GB 4943.1-2022,
and determine whether the test results meet the requirements of 5.2.1.
12.2.2.2 Electric strength test
The electric strength test is carried out according to the following method.
a) Carry out the damp heat test when the equipment is not powered on. The test
temperature is (40±2) °C and the relative humidity is (93±3) %. For equipment
used in tropical climate conditions, the test time is 120 h; for equipment used in
non-tropical climate conditions, the test time is 48 h.
b) After the damp heat test, determine the type of insulation between the equipment’s
power plug or power input/output terminal and the accessible part of the enclosure;
then, with the equipment’s power switch turned on, apply the test voltage
specified in Table 2 between the power plug or power input/output terminal of the
equipment and the accessible part of the equipment enclosure (different values of
voltage are applied according to the rated voltage and insulation type of the
equipment). Determine whether the inspection results meet the requirements of
5.2.2.
If the equipment enclosure is free of exposed metal parts, cover the surface of the
enclosure with metal foil (the metal foil area is 100 mm × 200 mm) for testing.
For equipment in which reinforced insulation and lower-level insulation are used
together, care shall be taken that the voltage applied to the reinforced insulation shall
not cause the basic insulation or supplementary insulation to withstand voltage stresses
exceeding the specified voltage stress.
12.2.2.3 Insulation resistance test
The insulation resistance test is carried out according to the following method.
a) Carry out the damp heat test when the equipment is not powered on. The test
temperature is (40±2) °C and the relative humidity is (93±3) %. For equipment
used in tropical climate conditions, the test time is 120 h; for equipment used in
non-tropical climate conditions, the test time is 48 h.
b) After the damp heat test, determine the type of insulation between the equipment
power plug or power input/output terminal (if the output terminal is hazardous
voltage) and the accessible part of the enclosure. When the power switch of the
equipment is turned on, apply a 500 V DC voltage between the equipment power
plug or power input/output terminal (if the output terminal is dangerous voltage)
and the accessible part of the equipment enclosure. The test time is 60 s. Test the
insulation resistance and judge whether the inspection result meets the
requirements of 5.2.3.
If the equipment enclosure is free of exposed metal parts, cover the surface of the
enclosure with metal foil (the metal foil area is 100 mm × 200 mm) for testing.
12.2.3 Protective conductor test
12.2.3.1 Test of basic requirements
Make a visual inspection to determine whether the results meet the requirements of
5.3.1.
12.2.3.2 Protective earthing conductor size test
Use a standard measuring tool to test the diameter of the protective earthing conductor
and calculate the cross-sectional area to determine whether the inspection results meet
the requirements of 5.3.2.
12.2.3.3 Earthing continuity test
Apply a 25 A DC or an effective 25 A AC current between the protective earthing
terminal of the equipment and the farthest component or terminal within the equipment
that requires protective earthing, and test the voltage at both ends to determine the
resistance value. The test time is 1 minute. For equipment with a detachable power cord,
the resistance value of the protective earthing conductor of the power cord shall not be
included in the test. Determine whether the inspection results meet the requirements of
5.3.3.
12.2.4 Fuse
Check the fuse parameters and manually disconnect the fuse for testing to determine
whether the test results meet the requirements of 5.4.
12.2.5 Lightning protection
Carry out the pulse test between the point where the equipment supply circuit terminals
and the power supply protective earth terminal (if any) are connected together and the
external connection point of the equipment coaxial cable (other than any earthing
conductor). All components connected to the external connection point of the
equipment’s coaxial cable and between the protective earth terminals of the power
supply shall be disconnected before testing. If there is an on/off switch, it shall be in the
“on” position.
Apply 10 conditioning pulses of alternating polarity using the pulse test generator of
Figure 5. The time interval between consecutive pulses is 60 s, and Uc is:
......
Source: Above contents are excerpted from the full-copy PDF -- translated/reviewed by: www.ChineseStandard.net / Wayne Zheng et al.
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